Efeitos da ventilação mecânica não-invasiva sobre a taxa de reitubação de pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda / Effects of non-invasive mechanical ventilation on the reitubation rate of patients with acute respiratory failure

A insuficiência respiratória aguda tem como desfechos mais significativos: os desbalanços dos parâmetros vitais e respiratórios e frequentemente os pacientes apresentam falhas na reitubação. Para isso, as estratégias de intervenção com a Ventilação Mecânica Não-Invasiva (VNI) vem sendo pesquisadas e utilizadas para a melhora desses desfechos. O presente estudo tem como objetivo verificar os efeitos da VNI sobre a taxa de reitubação e demais parâmetros vitais em pacientes com insuficiência respiratória aguda. Para isso, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa com artigos indexados no Pubmed, publicados entre 2012 e 2022 e de ensaio clínico randomizado. Inicialmente houveram 536 artigos encontrados, mas com a aplicação dos critérios de desenvolvimento da pesquisa, 11 artigos foram incluídos na amostra final. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos estudos individuais incluídos apontam que as intervenções com a VNI podem produzir desfechos significativamente importantes para pacientes em insuficiência respiratória aguda, havendo, por conseguinte, desfechos significativos para a redução da taxa de reintubação, seguido pela redução da taxa de mortalidade, redução da pressão parcial de carbono e frequência respiratória

Randomized trial of physiotherapy and hypertonic saline techniques for sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the efficiency of physiotherapy techniques in sputum induction and in the evaluation of pulmonary inflammation in asthmatic children and adolescents. Although hypertonic saline (HS) is widely used for sputum induction (SI), specific techniques and maneuvers of physiotherapy (P) may facilitate the collection of mucus in some asthmatic children and adolescents. METHODS: A randomized crossover study was performed in patients with well-controlled asthma, and 90 sputum samples were collected. Children and adolescents were assessed using spirometry and randomized at entry into one of three sputum induction techniques: (i) 3% hypertonic saline – HS technique; (ii) physiotherapy (oscillatory positive expiratory pressure, forced expiration, and acceleration of expiratory flow) – P technique; and (iii) hypertonic saline + physiotherapy – HSP technique. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03136042. RESULTS: The total cells (mL) and the percentage (%) of differential inflammatory cells were similar in all techniques. The sputum weight (g) in the HSP technique was significantly higher than that in the HS technique. In all techniques, the percentage of viable cells was 450%, and there was no difference between the HS and P techniques. Moreover, sputum induction did not cause any alterations in the pulmonary function of patients. CONCLUSION: The physiotherapy sputum collection technique was effective in obtaining viable cells from mucus samples and yielded the same amount of sputum as the gold standard technique (hypertonic saline). In addition, the physiotherapy maneuvers were both safe and useful for sputum induction in asthmatic children and adolescents with well-controlled asthma

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data