43 research outputs found
Multiple neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel: a case report
Neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel are rare malignancies that often occur in the case of bowel obstruction or intestinal bleeding. The present case is a 46-year-old man who underwent emergency surgery for obstruction due to a rare presentation of multiple neuroendocrine lesions located in an intestinal loop. Pathology showed 15 NETs (grade 1) between 4 and 15 mm diameter with positive lymph nodes and liver metastases already detected by the preoperative CT scan
Crossed Kirschnerâs wires for the treatment of anterior flail chest: an extracortical rib fixation
Objective: Thoracic trauma may be a life-threatening condition. Flail chest is a severe chest
injury with high mortality rates. Surgery is not frequently performed and, in Literature, data
are controversial. The authors report their experience in the treatment of flail chest by an
extracortical internal-external stabilization technique with Kirshnerâs wires (K-wires).
Methods: From 2010 to 2015, 137 trauma patients (109 males and 28 females) with an
average age of 58.89±19.74 years were observed. Seventeen (12.41%) patients presented a
flail chest and of these, 13 (9.49%) with an anterior one. All flail chest patients underwent early
chest wall surgical stabilization (within 48 hours from the injury).
Results: In the general population, an overall morbidity of 21.9% (n=30 of 137) and a
30-day mortality rate of 5.1% (n=7 of 137) were observed. By clustering the population
according to the treatment (medical or interventional vs surgical), significant statistically
differences between the two cohorts were found in morbidity (12.65% vs. 34.48%, P=0.002)
and mortality rates (1.28% vs. 10.34%, P=0.017). In patients undergoing chest wall surgical
stabilization, with an average Injury Severity Score of 28.3±5.2 and Abbreviated Injury Score
(AIS) of 8.4±1.7, an overall morbidity rate of 52.9% (n=9) and a mortality rate of 17.6% (n=3)
were found. Post-surgical device removal, in local anesthesia or mild sedation, was performed
42.8±2.9 days after chest wall stabilization and no cases of wound infection, dislodgment
of the wires or osteosynthesis failure were reported. Moreover, in these patients, an early
postoperative improvement in pulmonary ventilation (ÎpaO2
and ÎpCO2
: +9.49 and -5.05,
respectively) was reported.
Conclusion: Surgical indication for the treatment of flail chest remains controversial and
debated both due to an inadequate training and the absence of comparative prospective
studies between various strategies. Our technique for the surgical treatment of the anterior
flail chest seems to be anachronistic, but the aspects described, both in terms of technical
features and of outcome and benefits (health, economic), allow to evaluate the effectiveness
of this approach.
Keywords: Flail chest, Chest trauma, Kirschnerâs wire, Injury Severity Score, Abbreviated
Injury Score
Chest wall reconstruction with implantable cross-linked porcine dermal collagen matrix: Evaluation of clinical outcomes
Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate clinical applications, safety, and effectiveness of a porcine-derived acellular cross-linked dermal matrix biological mesh in chest wall reconstruction. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a prospective multicenter database of chest wall reconstructions using a biological mesh in adult patients undergoing operation between October 2013 and December 2020. We evaluated preoperative data, type of resection and reconstruction, hospitalization, 30-day morbidity and mortality, and overall survival. Results: A total of 105 patients (36 women [34.2%]; mean age, 57.0 +/- 16.1 years; range, 18-90 years) were included, they have admitted for: primary chest wall tumor (n = 52; 49.5%), secondary chest wall tumor (n = 29; 27.6%), lung hernia (n = 12; 11.4%), trauma (n =10; 9.6%), and infections (n = 2; 1.9%). The surgical sites were preoperatively defined as at high risk of infection in 28 patients (26.7%) or as infected in 16 (15.2%) patients. Thirty-days morbidity was 30.5% (n = 32 patients); 14 patients (13.3%) had postoperative complications directly related to chest wall surgical resection and/or reconstruction. We experienced no 30-day mortality; 1-year and 2-year mortality was 8.4% and 16.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Biological mesh represents a valuable option in chest wall reconstruction even when surgical sites are infected or at high-risk of infections. This mesh shows low early and late postoperative complication rates and excellent long-term stability
Conventional vs. extended D2 lymphadenectomy in gastric cancer patients: less is more?âmore or less
n/
Mechanisms of endothelial cell dysfunction in cystic fibrosis
Although cystic fibrosis (CF) patients exhibit signs of endothelial perturbation, the functions of the cystic fibrosis
conductance regulator (CFTR) in vascular endothelial cells (EC) are poorly defined. We sought to uncover
biological activities of endothelial CFTR, relevant for vascular homeostasis and inflammation. We examined cells
from human umbilical cords (HUVEC) and pulmonary artery isolated from non-cystic fibrosis (PAEC) and CF
human lungs (CF-PAEC), under static conditions or physiological shear. CFTR activity, clearly detected in
HUVEC and PAEC, was markedly reduced in CF-PAEC. CFTR blockade increased endothelial permeability to
macromolecules and reduced transâendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). Consistent with this, CF-PAEC displayed
lower TEER compared to PAEC. Under shear, CFTR blockade reduced VE-cadherin and p120 catenin
membrane expression and triggered the formation of paxillin- and vinculin-enriched membrane blebs that
evolved in shrinking of the cell body and disruption of cell-cell contacts. These changes were accompanied by
enhanced release of microvesicles, which displayed reduced capability to stimulate proliferation in recipient EC.
CFTR blockade also suppressed insulin-induced NO generation by EC, likely by inhibiting eNOS and AKT
phosphorylation, whereas it enhanced IL-8 release. Remarkably, phosphodiesterase inhibitors in combination
with a ÎČ2 adrenergic receptor agonist corrected functional and morphological changes triggered by CFTR dysfunction
in EC. Our results uncover regulatory functions of CFTR in EC, suggesting a physiological role of CFTR
in the maintenance EC homeostasis and its involvement in pathogenetic aspects of CF. Moreover, our findings
open avenues for novel pharmacology to control endothelial dysfunction and its consequences in CF
Disciplinary problems among high achiever students: the types and the causes
This qualitative study has been done to 24 teachers and 72 students from various secondary schools in
Penang, Malaysia, in order to investigate the effect of between class ability grouping (BCAG) on high
achiever secondary school students. Studies reported that BCAG triggered correspondence bias among
teachers, which eventually affect them to show different perception and expectations towards high
achiever classes (HAC) and low achiever classes (LAC) students. Symbolic interaction theories
explained that individuals tend to be affected by othersâ expectation, and therefore behave in a way they
were expected to. Therefore, according to the previous studies on BCAG, it was assumed that HAC
students would achieve better and would not be significantly involved in disciplinary problems. After
semi-structured interview had been conducted in order to collect the data, and two-cycled analyses
method, namely In-Vivo and Thematic Analyses had been operated in order to analyze the massive
amount of qualitative data, the it was discovered that HAC students were involved with disciplinary
problems, such as being disrespectful to teachers, paying less attention in the classroom, neglecting
assignments and doing external work during classes. Other findings of this study showed that the
disciplinary problems among HAC are related to their self-esteem types due to locus of control
difference, as well as bigger issues apart from the competition among themselves. School management
system, BCAG itself, reciprocal envy between HAC and LAC students, as well as their inclination
towards tuition centers contributed to disciplinary problems among HAC students
Erratum to nodal management and upstaging of disease. Initial results from the Italian VATS Lobectomy Registry
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.06.12.]
Infected pancreatic necrosis: outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality. A post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study
: The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.135-15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (pâ=â0.005; 95% CI 1.359-5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (pâ=â0.022; 95% CI 1.138-5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 1.184-5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 1.598-9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (pâ=â0.032; 95% CI 1.090-6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (pâ=â0.009; 95% CI 1.286-5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (pâ<â0.001; 95% CI 1.912-7.442; aOR 3.772), whereas endoscopic drainage of pancreatic necrosis (pâ=â0.018; 95% CI 0.138-0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (pâ=â0.003; 95% CI 0.143-0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990)