Available Feed Resources and Nutritive Value of Major Browse Species in East Dembia District, Central Gondar, Ethiopia

This study was conducted to assess the available feed resources, identify the most commonly used browse species as livestock feed and to determine their nutritive value from East Dembia district. Four kebeles (Sufankara, Grargie, Salj Gebeba and Atkilit Teleft) were selected purposively. Stratified random sampling was used for the selection of respondents. A total of 12 plots of 20m *20m (400m2) were established at an interval of 200m along the transect line to identify and record the available browse species. The leaves and petioles of A. abyssinica, C. africana, F. thonigii, F. sycomorus, V. amygdolina, M. arbutifolia, and A. seyal were collected for chemical analysis. General linear model procedure of SAS was used for statistical analysis. The mean CP content of the browse species ranged from 12.13% (F. sycomorus) to 29.74% (V. amygdolina). The IVDMD varied from 38.5% for M. arbutifolia to 71.67% for F. sycomorus. High gas production from immediately soluble component (a) was recorded for C. africana. The gas production from insoluble but potential degradable fraction (b) and production potential (a+b), organic matter digestibility, where high for F. thounigii but low for V. amygdolina. The browse species in the current study could be used as protein supplements to livestock fed on low quality feeds due to their high levels of crude protein, low fiber contents and high digestibility potentials. However, it is recommended that further studies need be undertaken in determining the nutritive value of the other browse components such as pods. Keywords: Browse species, nutritive value, crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-13-03 Publication date:July 31st 202

Relocating Home: Second-Generation East African Women\u27s Twitter-Use as sites of Homeplace, Identity, and Memory

Homeplace, a concept credited to bell hooks (1991), was conceptualized through the practice and resiliency of Black women as they historically transformed the home as a space for reclamation of resistance and freedom. Through digital and social technologies, home is capable of manifesting outside of heteronormative meanings regarding spatiality and assumed gendered roles. This study explores second-generation East African women’s utilization of Twitter as a diasporic tool for homeplace, identity, and memory. This research incorporated a qualitative-phenomenological approach by interviewing ten participants from the ages of 18-26 in the United States, followed by a textual analysis of Twitter. Through coding cycles of transcriptions, key hashtags and phrases were pulled from participant’s interviews to guide the textual analysis. This research explores ways digital spaces are utilized and whether they provide adequate, fulfilling, and freeing manifestations of identity and home that are not often permitted to African diasporic communities in their realities

The case for citywide IEC strategy for Addis Ababa's solid waste management system

Information, education and communication (IEC)related activities being undertaken by the various actors in the solid waste management (SWM) system of the Addis Ababa City Administration (AACA) were reviewed employing a rapid appraisal methodology. Brochures, posters, awareness enhancing and skills training workshops, compost demonstration sites and event based radio and TV based educational programs are found to be the major media employed with varying levels of importance in disseminating SWM related messages. The coverage and level of coordination among the various IEC related interventions is found to be low, which precluded achieving synergetic impact. The absence of a citywide IEC strategy for SWM is highlighted as a missing link in the rather bad state of affairs in the city’s SWM system and hence its sanitation situation. The study has identified a number of issues that should be taken up in the attempt to create sufficient capacity to plan, execute and coordinate IEC activities in SWM

Impact of Compensation on Employees Productivity on Different Manufacturing Organization

This study was tried to investigate the impact of compensation on employees productivity. Compensation and employees productivity is the most interrelated concepts in the organization day-to-day activities to achieve their goal and objectives. To encourage employees' performance, compensation has a great impact whether it is service giving or manufacturing organization. The study has been assessing the impact of compensation employees' productivity, which is found on different levels of management. This includes Top-level management, Middle level management and Lower level management only in manufacturing organizations. The study will be conducted on 6/ six! organizations, which are found in . Addis Ababa and Debre- Zeit The data that are necessary for accomplishment of the research will be collected .; through questionnaires. These questionnaires were distributed to employees, which are found in different management level in selected organizations. The sampling technique I / am going to use is judgment sampling because it is convenient for the type of research I conduct. After the completion of this research, the researcher concluded that compensation is a very near and dear concept not only to the employees but also to the employers. It is also clearly indicated that the presence of compensation has a great impact on employees' productivity. Finally, the research reveals that F.Herzberg hygiene factor theory is the most appropriate and applicable concept to our country employees than motivational factor. tJimma Universit

TECHNICAL AND MANAGERIAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS-THE ETHIOPIAN EXPERIENCE

ABSTRACT: Past experience in Ethiopia has shown that water resources development projects implemented without environmental and health consideration face serious environmental and social problems. The environmental dimensions of sedimentation and soil erosion through accelerated vegetation removal, loss of grazing land, displacement of people, proliferation of disease vectors, productivity decline through salinization and water logging and loss of wild life habitats constitute the major problems encountered. This paper reviews the environmental and health consequences of water resources development projects, and assesses current practices and arrangements for impact assessment and follow-up environmental monitoring in Ethiopia. Lack of compulsory Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and an established responsibility and procedure for follow-up actions, coupled with shortages of trained manpower and financial provisions constitute serious constraints for effective integration of environmental and health considerations into the development process. Recommendations include the need for compulsory EIA, well defined institutional responsibilities and inter-sectoral collaboration

Spatial and temporal analysis of recent drought using vegetation temperature condition index: case of Somali regional state of Ethiopia

Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Geospatial Technologies.The semiarid and arid areas of the eastern part of Ethiopia have suffered a series of droughts and famines in the years 1999/2000, 2003/2004, 2007 and 2011. Absence/decline of rainfall in two of the rainy seasons locally called Dihra and Gu as being the major fact behind drought. Besides, lack of appropriate monitoring techniques aggravate the situation of drought in the study area. In a region where the numbers of meteorological stations are not sufficient enough to monitor the onset and extent of drought, remotely sensed data presents fast and economical way of information as the ground condition reflects the overall condition of rainfall and soil moisture. In this study, the drought monitoring approach is developed using Terra-MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation index (NDVI) and Land surface Temperature (LST) level-3 products. The approach integrates the land surface reflectance and thermal properties as well as the NDVI changes to identify the extent and pattern of the past drought years. From the NDVI versus LST scatter plot, we extract Vegetation Temperature condition index (VTCI) to map the variability and trend of the drought years. The year 2003 was found to be the driest year (more than 90% of the region affected by drought) and the season that showed increasing intensity of drought being Dihra. The correlation (r > 0.7) between rainfall and VTCI across the major meteorological stations suggested that the index could be used as good indicator of drought as rainfall does. The overall trend of drought condition for selected drought years suggested that eastern and southern regions will experience more severe drought in the coming year. Moreover, VTCI value for October from 2000-2011 showed similar increase intensity of drought condition. In addition, it was observed that sparse vegetation and shrub land are highly variable and bare soil region is consistently dry. Wetter regions were found in the area where the elevation is above 1500m above sea level

Endoparasites of donkeys in Dessie and its surroundings, Northeastern Ethiopia

A cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2014 to April, 2015 inDessie, northeastern Ethiopia to estimate the prevalence of endoparasites andassociated risk factors. For this purpose 504 fecal samples were collected fromthe selected donkeys. Coproscopic examination showed an overall prevalence of80.1% (405/504) gastrointestinal helminthes. Among the helminthes, the strongyletype nematodes (80.1%) were the dominant ones followed by Parascaris equorum(41.8%) while Anaplocephala spp. was the least identified helminthes. Strongylespp. was highly prevalent in adult (84.2%) than old (78.8%) and young (72%) agegroups (p=0.025). On the contrary P. equorum was highly prevalent in young animals (62.6%) (p=0.000) while there was no significant difference in prevalence of Fasciola spp and G. egypticus among age groups (p=0.000). Most 43.1% of donkeys were severely infected. Of these donkeys 49.5% (47/174) were with poor body conditions. Coprocultural examination revealed that (100%) of Cyathostomes spp. and Strongylus vulgaris and (94%) of Trichostrongylus axei, (44.0%)  Strongloides westeri and Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. The higher prevalence of parasitosis in working donkeys in Dessie and its surroundings requires appropriate strategic parasitic control methods.Keywords: Coproculture, Coproscopy, Dessie, Helminthes, Prevalence, Risk factor

Production of Biogas and Bio-fertilizer from Abattoir Waste as Sustainable Management, Eastern Ethiopia, 2019

Our environment facing by serious problems of high volumes of waste, inadequate disposal system particularly in developing countries worldwide. There is also lack of studies on quantification of abattoir waste and lack of workers awareness towards abattoir waste. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to estimate abattoir waste for bioenergy potential as sustainable management. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected abattoirs of Eastern Ethiopia from January 1st, 2018 to December 30th, 2018. The magnitude of abattoir waste composition were computed based on Aneibo mathematical computational from the actual number of  slaughtered livestock. The study demonstrated that four selected abattoirs generates 1,606,403kg of abattoir waste per year and using Fed batch Aerobic digester about and 85,139m3/year of biogas and 111,249kg/year of bio-fertilizer can be produced. The biogas or energy from the waste can replace firewood and charcoal and the expensive fossil fuels. Using Banks mathematical computation about 85,139.20m3/year of biogas estimated, could cover 36097.43kg of liquefied gas or 48129.89kg of kerosene or 280757.68kg of charcoal or 32086.59kg of furnace oil or 56151.5kg of petrol or 40108.2kg of diesel per a year in same functions. The current estimated bio-fertilizer (111,249kg/year) from four abattoir sites can cover about 2,225 hectares per a year with its advantage and efficiency of soil. When in turned into cost, about $55,645 per a year of price could estimate from biogas and bio-fertilizer. The study concluded that huge amount of biogas and dry bio-fertilizer yields could produce from abattoir waste  through fed batch anaerobic digestion. Therefore, install fed batch   anaerobic digestion plant is recommended to ensure environmental safety and public health.Keyword: Abattoir waste, Biogas, Bio-fertilizer, Sustainable managemen