An Approach on the Evaluation of LNG Tank Container Transportation Safety

As a clean energy source, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been widely accepted all around the world. As away to transport LNG, tank container transportation is becoming more and more popular. However, how to carry outsafety management for the whole transportation process of tank container is a problem troubling the whole industry.Therefore, this paper proposes a model based on the Recurrent Neural Networks(RNN) to evaluate the safetyperformance. First, find the factors affecting the safety of LNG transport by sea and construct an index system. Next,design a questionnaire and get scores from supporting experts. Then, this paper utilize the trained RNN to judge the safetystatue of LNG tank transportation. Through the comparison of training results and the final score got from experts, theresult shows that the MAE is negligible and prove the effectiveness of the RNN. Finally, a case study was conducted.From the analysis of the training results, it is known that enterprise safety management plays an important role intransportation safety and a better safety management systemwill greatly reduce the probability of accidents and improvethe transportation safety

Electroacupuncture ameliorates peptic ulcer disease in association with gastroduodenal microbiota modulation in mice

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a common disease and frequently encountered in the clinic. Accumulating evidence suggests that PUD is associated with the gastrointestinal microbiota. Electroacupuncture (EA) is an improved version of acupuncture, which can improve the clinical effect by increasing the stimulation and delivering appropriate electrical pulses to needles. This method has been widely used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease. However, its effect on gastrointestinal microbiota remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study, the ameliorative effect of EA was evaluated on the gastroduodenal mucosa, and the regulatory effect of the gastroduodenal microbiota was assessed in PUD mice. A total of 48 male Kun Ming mice were randomly divided into the following groups: normal control group (NC), PUD model group (PUD), Shousanli group (LI10), and Zusanli group (ST36) (n=12). The mice in groups LI10 and ST36 were treated with EA at LI10 and ST36, respectively. This intervention was continued for 7 days. Subsequently, we evaluated the morphological changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa, and specific indices were measured, including the contents of serum dopamine (DA), the trefoil factor (TFF), and the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). In addition, the gastric and duodenal microbiota were assessed via 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing. The results indicated that EA at LI10 or ST36 significantly reduced the injury of the gastroduodenal mucosa in PUD mice. The gastric microbial community structure of the groups LI10 and ST36 was similar to that of the NC group following comparison with the microbial community structure of the PUD model group. Moreover, the abundance of Firmicutes in the stomach was decreased, whereas that of Bacteroidetes was increased, and the abundance of Firmicutes in the duodenum was decreased. Furthermore, the microbial diversity and richness of the gastric microbiota in group LI10 were also significantly increased, and the serum dopamine and trefoil factor levels in group ST36 were significantly increased. Therefore, it is suggested that EA ameliorating PUD is in association with improving the levels of DA and TFF and regulating the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the gastric microbiota

Efficient single-molecular white-light emission for iridium-based photoluminescent and electroluminescent white OLEDs

The white organic light-emitting diode has become as a new class of emerging solid-state lighting sources due to its advantage of warm, pure white light emission, flexible lighting, and environmentally friendly indoor lighting. Here, we report three rationally designed cyclometalated [3 + 2+1] iridium(Ⅲ) complexes that emit white emission simultaneously from phosphorescent blue and yellow in the solid-state thin film. The blue GaN-based solid-state white light-emitting diodes with iridium(Ⅲ) complexes as a color converter show a color rendering index of 84.4 and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) coordinates of (0.30, 0.33). In addition, the vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode device exhibits a low turn-on voltage of 3.0 V and a maximum luminance (Lmax) of 335 cd m−2 with CIE coordinate of (0.31, 0.33), reaching standard naturally warm white light

Quantum chemical calculation study on the thermal decomposition of electrolyte during lithium-ion battery thermal runaway

Understanding the behavior of lithium-ion battery electrolytes during thermal runaway is essential for designing safer batteries. However, current reports on electrolyte decomposition behaviors often focus on reactions with electrode materials. Herein we use quantum chemical calculations to develop a model for the thermal decomposition mechanism of electrolytes under both electrolyte and ambient atmosphere conditions. The thermal stability is found to be associated with the dielectric constants of electrolyte constituents. Within the electrolyte, the solvation effects between molecules increase electrolyte stability, making thermal decomposition a more difficult process. Furthermore, Li+ is observed to facilitate electrolyte thermal decomposition, as the energy required for the thermal decomposition reactions of molecules decreases when they are bonded with Li+. It is hoped that this study will offer a theoretical basis for understanding the complex reactions occurring during thermal runaway events

2023 roadmap for potassium-ion batteries

The heavy reliance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has caused rising concerns on the sustainability of lithium and transition metal and the ethic issue around mining practice. Developing alternative energy storage technologies beyond lithium has become a prominent slice of global energy research portfolio. The alternative technologies play a vital role in shaping the future landscape of energy storage, from electrified mobility to the efficient utilization of renewable energies and further to large-scale stationary energy storage. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) are a promising alternative given its chemical and economic benefits, making a strong competitor to LIBs and sodium-ion batteries for different applications. However, many are unknown regarding potassium storage processes in materials and how it differs from lithium and sodium and understanding of solid–liquid interfacial chemistry is massively insufficient in PIBs. Therefore, there remain outstanding issues to advance the commercial prospects of the PIB technology. This Roadmap highlights the up-to-date scientific and technological advances and the insights into solving challenging issues to accelerate the development of PIBs. We hope this Roadmap aids the wider PIB research community and provides a cross-referencing to other beyond lithium energy storage technologies in the fast-pacing research landscape

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Dynamic Evolution and Regional Disparity in Carbon Emission Intensity in China

China’s carbon reductions are of great significance to the realization of global temperature control targets. Carbon emission intensity (CEI) represents the degree of coordination between emissions and economic development to some extent. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of research on its spatial–temporal evolution and regional differences. To fill the gap, this study exploits the Theil index to shed light on the characteristics of its spatial–temporal distribution and regional disparities in China during the period of 2000–2019, and constructs a multi-regional spatial index decomposition model to analyze the differences in its drivers. The results indicate that the decreasing CEI during the period of 2000–2019 shows a distinctive imbalance in spatial–temporal distribution. The gap between north and south is greater than that between east and west. The expansion of the Theil index based on CEI reveals a widening tendency of the mismatch between emissions and economic development among provinces. CEI disparity is mainly due to growing intraregional differences. For most provinces, the energy intensity effect is the essential driver of spatial differences regarding CEI, with the energy structure and the industrial structure effects gradually changing from promoting to inhibiting effects. The carbon emission factor effect has no significant fluctuation, but regional differences are distinct

Review on buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in an enclosure with various types of heat sources

This paper reviews indoor heat convection and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation in enclosed space with heat sources in different forms such as point, line, plane, volume or combination of them. The indoor thermal flow is driven by these heat sources and accumulated in the enclosure. Thermal plume evolves based on its dynamic law above heat sources and is conversely affected by the thermal environment and geometric structure. Therefore, the dynamic of thermal-driven flows and the restriction by the thermal environment and geometric framework are both of interest in the field of indoor heat convection and buoyancy-driven natural ventilation. Based on this fact, the indoor thermal convection can be divided into two basic components which are buoyant plume above the heat source and indoor thermal stratification flow. Research and analysis on these laws and restriction are of significance in not only the advances in building thermal environment technology but also further cognition and effective solutions for current engineering practice

Effect of Humic Acid Binder on the Preparation of Oxidized Pellets from Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate

In order to pursue the goal of low-carbon ironmaking, a new type of humic acid (HA)-based binder was applied to the preparation of oxidized pellets from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite (VTM) in this work. Effects of the HA binder (or with limestone) on the balling, preheating, and roasting behaviors of VTM were comparatively studied with bentonite. The embedded features of each mineral phase in sintered pellets, especially the crystallization and growth state of hematite grains, were deeply investigated by XRD, optical microscopy, and SEM–EDS measures. The binder dosage can be cut down by 50% when HA was used instead of bentonite. Fine hematite grains in HA pellets evolved into plump interlocking grains with ~5% of limestone addition. Pseudobrookite and magnesioferrite spinel phase formed at the optimal sintering temperature of 1250 °C, which could hinder the crystallization of hematite and affect the strength of final pellets