Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Coxofemoral Dysplasia in a Dog

Background: Coxofemoral dysplasia (CFD) is the abnormal development of the hip joint, mostly affecting large breeds, and is characterized by subluxation or complete luxation of the femoral head. Among the conservative therapeutic options, cell therapies with stem cells for CFD provides potential by the countless possibilities of therapeutic application, especially those related to the chronic and/or degenerative diseases treatment, which could be a key point for the bone and joint repair. The objective was to report a bilateral CFD case in a dog, treated with intra-articular application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, and further evaluations. Case: A 2-year-old male Akita  dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital Harmonia (HVH) located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, presenting clinical signs of hip pain, lameness and pelvic limbs hopping. By orthopedic examination, pain was observed at the cranial and caudal extension of the pelvic limb, and at flexion, abduction and adduction of the limb, as well as moderate muscle atrophy and presence of joint crackling. By coxofemoral radiography performed in ventrodorsal projection, it were detected bilateral femoral head subluxation, thickening of the femoral neck and the presence of intra-articular osteophytes. These findings are compatible with the degeneration caused by the presence of CFD. Laboratory tests performed such as hemogram and biochemical had no changes. Thus, the patient had intra-articular application of allogeneic MSC, derived from adipose tissue, obtained by private company. For stem cell applications, arthrocentesis of the hip joints was performed one at a time, using a 5 mL syringe and 16G needle for aspiration of 2 mL synovial fluid, for discard and application of stem cells. After aspiration, the syringe containing the MSC were fitted to the 16G needle for the implant. After the final procedure, the patient was moved to the internment division for anesthetic recovery. The animal was clinically assessed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 following the criteria of locomotion and physical-orthopedic examination, in which the results were interpreted by a numerical scale. Discussion: For locomotion, there were differences for the pattern observed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90, with reduced claudication until walking without changes. There was also a decrease in the range of motion until limitations absent. For the parameters such as functional capacity and claudication at trot, there were reductions from the 30th day, promoting a slightly rigid gait, being noticeable when running. For the clinical parameters used in the physical-orthopedic evaluation, regarding the parameters analysis such as pain, caudal extension, cranial extension, internal rotation, abduction, and adduction, there were differences from the 30th day through pain reduction, remaining on the 60th and 90th days. Regarding the muscle atrophy, a difference was observed in the right pelvic limb on the 60th day, with moderate recovery. In addition, for the station tests and presence of joint crackling in the pelvic joint, there were no differences for the pattern during data collection regarding all evaluations. Those results allow inferring that MSC contributed to the CFD treatment, promoting the reduction of clinical signs and, consequently, providing a better life quality of the patient, which positively characterize it as a modality of treatment. Keywords: veterinary orthopedic, lameness, joint, genetic disease, degenerative disease. Título: Células-tronco mesenquimais para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão Descritores: ortopedia veterinária, claudicação, articulação, doença genética, doença degenerativa

Educa(ações) indígenas: territórios de identidades e espaços de (re)existências do Povo Xukuru do Ororubá

Este artigo faz uma abordagem sobre a temática da educação indígena. É fruto das pesquisas realizadas ao longo do mestrado em educação contemporânea, na Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, e se propõe a analisar as interfaces existentes entre a educação Xukuru e a educação escolar do povo Xukuru do Ororubá enquanto territórios de identidades. A partir da vivência na área e a contribuição de alguns autores, constatamos que a escola serve de instrumento para o fortalecimento da identidade étnica, por isso é considerada um espaço de (re)existência, e a comunidade é a base para que essa educação aconteça, seja no espaço da sala de aula ou para além dele

Chemodectoma in a Dog

Background: The chemodectoma is a rare neoplasm that originates from chemoreceptors located mainly in the aortic body, and carotid body and sinus, and responsible for detecting variations in blood pH, oxygen pressure and carbon dioxide. Dogs of brachiocephalic breeds and aged between 7 and 15 years have greater propensity. A neoplasm involves infiltrative growth in the vessels at the heart base, which leads to Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The definitive diagnosis is performed by histopathological and/or immunohistochemical examination. The aim was to report a case of chemiodectoma in a dog, showed the disease clinical characteristics.Case: A 13-year-old male undefined breed dog was examinated in the medical clinic of small animal of Veterinary Hospital, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE) with respiratory effort, hyporexia, and edema in face, cervical, ventral thorax and thoracic limbs, with thirty days evoluted. About physical examination, we observed cachexia, orthopneic position, cyanosis and edema with a positive Godet sign, as well as 8% dehydration degree. Thoracic auscultation presented mixed dyspnea and muffled heart sounds. Chest radiography detected an radiopacity increase in pulmonary section and metastatic neoplastic process associated with pleural and pericardial effusion. Fluid therapy with lactated ringer and posterior thoracentesis in the right hemithorax region was performed for greater respiratory comfort for the patient. Hematological count and biochemical profiles stated normochromic normocytic anemia, relative and absolute lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, as well as increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The patient died after 12 hours when was submitted to necroscopic examination and histopathological evaluation. An infiltrative tumor of cardiac base was observed invading the light of the right atrium, obstructing the venous return, as well as a large thrombus located in the left ventricle and diffuse nodules in the lungs. Hydrothorax and hydroperitoneum were observed with serous fluid, with hepatic, renal and brain congestion, and duodenum hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor was characterized as a chemodectoma with pulmonary metastasis.Discussion: Cardiac tumors are uncommon for canine population. A study sampled 729,265 dogs with observed incidence reaching 0.19%. The most common type is hemangiosarcoma with 69%, followed by chemiodectoma and lymphoma. Authors describe predisposed brachycephalic breeds such as Boxer, Boston Terrier and French Bulldog. In our case, the patient had elongated snout and undefined breed. Deregulation of chemoreceptors, which detect changes in pH and partial oxygen and carbon dioxide pressures, can result in hyperpnea and dyspnoea. Edema represents a deficit in venous return from the cranial and cervical regions, with consequent increase in hydrostatic pressure and liquid leakage into the thoracic cavity and subcutaneous tissue, thus inferring the Caudal Vena Cava Syndrome (CVCS). Tumors from the cardiac base, integrated with the large arteries insertion and adjacent to the atria, can cause pericardial effusion observed in this case. Chemodectomas are described as essentially benign tumors with low metastatic potential. In this case, pulmonary metastasis was detected. Surgical treatment is recommended when feasible. In this case, the patient had late veterinary care, in addition to the contraindication for surgery by the lung metastasis presence

SOS Response and Staphylococcus aureus: Implications for Drug Development

Damage in genetic material is induced through the action of several drugs (directly or indirectly). Specially, antimicrobials from quinolone class (such as ciprofloxacin) induce DNA damage that promotes the formation of the RecA filament leading to auto-cleavage of LexA and allows the expression of SOS genes, including the error-prone polymerase (like umuC). The SOS pathway plays a critical role in the acquisition of mutations that lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of virulence factors. This chapter provides a comprehensive review about the SOS response of Staphylococcus aureus and the modulatory effects of new compounds (natural or synthetics) on this pathway. The effects of some SOS inhibitors are highlighted such as baicalein and aminocoumarins. Compounds able to prevent SOS response are extremely important to develop new combinatory approaches to inhibit S. aureus mutagenesis. The study of new SOS inductors could reveal new insights into the pathways used by S. aureus to acquire drug resistance; examples of these compounds are the lysine-peptoid hybrid LP5, cyclic peptide inhibitors, etc. These studies can impact the development of new drugs. In conclusion, we hope to provide essential information about the effects of compounds on SOS response from S. aureus

Simultaneous Occurrence of Hemangiosarcoma and Grade II Mast Cell Tumor in a Pit Bull Terrier

Background: The incidence of cutaneous neoplasms in dogs is high and quite variable. Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and mast cell tumor (MCT) are commonly diagnosed neoplasms in isolation; however, reports of concomitant occurrence in a single patient are rare. HSA is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial origin; the spleen is the most commonly affected organ. MCT is a common neoplasm that may affect any region of the body, without predilection for sex, although some breeds have shown higher incidence. This report describes a case of HSA and MCT in a Pit bull terrier.Case: A 5-year-old white male Pit bull was presented to the Small Animal Clinic of the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco with nodules in preputial region measuring 5,4 x 3,7 cm and an ulcerated nodule in the right lateral thoracic region measuring 23,0 x 19,0 x 5,5 cm. The owner reported surgical excision of two previous nodules one year before the consultation, but neither were submitted for cytopathological or post-surgical histopathological examination. Two months after the procedure, the nodules recurred. Cytopathological examinations of preputial and lateral thoracic nodules were performed, with a suggestive diagnosis for HSA and MCT, respectively. Due to the unfavorable prognosis and the weakness of the animal, euthanasia was elected. Necroscopic examination revealed an ideal body condition score (4/9), hypertrophy of right pre-scapular and axillary lymph nodes, red hepatization in the apical lobe of the right lung, with multiple, soft and pigmented nodules in the spleen, liver, pancreas and testis. Several tissue samples were collected, conditioned in 10% buffered formaldehyde solution, routinely processed for histology, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue. Microscopically, the lateral thoracic nodule consisted of round cells in cordonal arrangement, with sparse basophilic and discretely granular cytoplasm, and a round, central nucleus with a single evident nucleolus. Some cells were positively marked by toluidine blue, and the neoplasm was classified as grade II MCT. The preputial and digital nodules were confirmed as well-differentiated HSA, with fusiform cells forming vascular structures containing large numbers of erythrocytes and irregular fibrovascular stroma. Metastases of HSA were observed in the lung, liver, spleen, pancreas, and testis. Invasion of mast cells was observed in lymph node.Discussion: Although the etiology of HSA has not yet been clarified, its occurrence in dogs with poorly pigmented skin exposed to ultraviolet light is well established, consistent with observations in this case. MCTs often occur on the pelvic and thoracic limbs, abdomen, and chest. Primary site of HSA may be in any tissue, but it is commonly seen in highly vascular organs such as the spleen. When it occurs on the skin, HSA has more frequently been reported in the preputial and scrotal regions in dogs. For both neoplasms, the locations in this Pit bull corresponded to those commonly reported. MCTs with ulceration, edema, pruritus, and flushing are associated with worse prognosis. Metastasis is a major concern when evaluating oncologic patients. While it is difficult to determine the primary site of HSAs, metastasis often occurs in the lungs and liver. In this case, metastatic lesions were identified in the lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas, and testis by necropsy and histopathology. Fine needle aspiration of neoplasm-suggestive lesions should be performed prior to surgical procedures, especially because of its high sensitivity for MCTs. MCT and HSA are tumors of great significance, due to their high occurrence and variable prognosis. Multidisciplinary diagnostics involving clinical and pathological aspects are essential to guide the prognosis and treatment of these tumors.Mariana Lumack do Monte Barretto, Rômulo Freitas Francelino Dias, Saulo Romero Felix Gonçalves, Órion Pedro da Silva, Roseane Oliveira Feitosa, Stephanie Caroline Gueiros Silva, Valdemiro Amaro da Silva Junior & Andrea Alice da Fonseca Oliveir

Population Pharmacokinetic Study of a Test Dose Busulfan Patients Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), BrazilOnco-Hematology Unit, Instituto da Criança - HC - FMUSP, Sao Paulo, BrazilHospital Israelita Albert Einstein, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo), BrazilPediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Instituto de Oncologia Pediatrica, São Paulo, BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, BrazilInstituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, BrazilClinical Research Center, Instituto de Oncologia Pediátrica, São Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Medicine - Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Case Western Reserve University, ClevelandUNIFESP (Universidade Federal de São Paulo), BrazilHematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Dept, UNIFESP (Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo), BrazilWeb of Scienc

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Coxofemoral Dysplasia in a Dog

Background: Coxofemoral dysplasia (CFD) is the abnormal development of the hip joint, mostly affecting large breeds, and is characterized by subluxation or complete luxation of the femoral head. Among the conservative therapeutic options, cell therapies with stem cells for CFD provides potential by the countless possibilities of therapeutic application, especially those related to the chronic and/or degenerative diseases treatment, which could be a key point for the bone and joint repair. The objective was to report a bilateral CFD case in a dog, treated with intra-articular application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, and further evaluations. Case: A 2-year-old male Akita  dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital Harmonia (HVH) located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, presenting clinical signs of hip pain, lameness and pelvic limbs hopping. By orthopedic examination, pain was observed at the cranial and caudal extension of the pelvic limb, and at flexion, abduction and adduction of the limb, as well as moderate muscle atrophy and presence of joint crackling. By coxofemoral radiography performed in ventrodorsal projection, it were detected bilateral femoral head subluxation, thickening of the femoral neck and the presence of intra-articular osteophytes. These findings are compatible with the degeneration caused by the presence of CFD. Laboratory tests performed such as hemogram and biochemical had no changes. Thus, the patient had intra-articular application of allogeneic MSC, derived from adipose tissue, obtained by private company. For stem cell applications, arthrocentesis of the hip joints was performed one at a time, using a 5 mL syringe and 16G needle for aspiration of 2 mL synovial fluid, for discard and application of stem cells. After aspiration, the syringe containing the MSC were fitted to the 16G needle for the implant. After the final procedure, the patient was moved to the internment division for anesthetic recovery. The animal was clinically assessed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 following the criteria of locomotion and physical-orthopedic examination, in which the results were interpreted by a numerical scale. Discussion: For locomotion, there were differences for the pattern observed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90, with reduced claudication until walking without changes. There was also a decrease in the range of motion until limitations absent. For the parameters such as functional capacity and claudication at trot, there were reductions from the 30th day, promoting a slightly rigid gait, being noticeable when running. For the clinical parameters used in the physical-orthopedic evaluation, regarding the parameters analysis such as pain, caudal extension, cranial extension, internal rotation, abduction, and adduction, there were differences from the 30th day through pain reduction, remaining on the 60th and 90th days. Regarding the muscle atrophy, a difference was observed in the right pelvic limb on the 60th day, with moderate recovery. In addition, for the station tests and presence of joint crackling in the pelvic joint, there were no differences for the pattern during data collection regarding all evaluations. Those results allow inferring that MSC contributed to the CFD treatment, promoting the reduction of clinical signs and, consequently, providing a better life quality of the patient, which positively characterize it as a modality of treatment. Keywords: veterinary orthopedic, lameness, joint, genetic disease, degenerative disease. Título: Células-tronco mesenquimais para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão Descritores: ortopedia veterinária, claudicação, articulação, doença genética, doença degenerativa