El romance de Góngora en 'El príncipe constante', de Calderón

El caso del gongorino romance “Entre los sueltos caballos,” ampliamente citado en El príncipe constante, de Calderón, resulta excepcional por el tamaño de la cita, nunca igualado por apariciones de versos de otros poetas en las comedias calderonianas. Este trabajo estudia en detalle cómo Calderón adaptó el romance a las circunstancias de la comedia y además resuelve la cuestión de cuál de las versiones del romance gongorino fue la que conoció el dramaturgo madrileño. The case of Góngora’s romance “Entre los sueltos caballos,” extensively quoted in El príncipe constante of Calderón, is exceptional due to the magnitude of the quotation, without equal among the verses of other poets included in Calderonian comedies. This paper studies in detail the ways in which Calderón adapted this romance to the circumstances of his comedy, also resolving the question of which version of Góngora’s romance the Madrid playwright knew

Calderón en la escena y en la imprenta: para la edición crítica de “El príncipe constante”

Debido a la suspensión en la concesión de licencias para imprimir comedias y novelas, las obras calderonianas vivieron varios años sobre las tablas antes de poder estamparse en letra impresa. Levantada ya la prohibición, los avatares que sufrieron en este periodo (diferentes representaciones que generaban diferentes copias del texto según la compañía que lo poseyera, atribuciones falsas, etc.) perjudicaron la labor de recuperación de las comedias por parte del poeta y, en algún caso, mermaron la calidad del texto finalmente impreso. Este hecho se constata aquí a partir del caso particular de “El príncipe constante”, obra que cierra la “Primera parte de comedias” (1636) de don Pedro Calderón. Se trata de una edición descuidada, que dificulta la labor del editor actual, que deberá recurrir a otros testimonios fiables para subsanar los errores de la edición y ofrecer así al lector, en última instancia, un texto lo más cercano posible a la hipotética última voluntad del poeta

Las fechas de 'El Faetonte', de Calderón

El objetivo del presente artículo es estudiar la controvertida fecha de composición y estreno de 'El Faetonte' y otras comedias relacionadas. En el trabajo se revisa igualmente la fortuna escénica de la pieza posterior a la primera representación, contexto en el que se presta especial atención al segundo montaje de la comedia en vida de Calderón, que ha suscitado debate entre la crítica ante la posibilidad de que el propio dramaturgo pudiera haber revisado el texto. The aim of this paper is to study the date of composition and first performance of El Faetonte and related plays.The paper also examines the staging of the play after the first representation. In this context special attention is given to the second performance of 'El Faetonte' for which the playwright could have modified the original play

North American Natural Gas Model Impact of Cross-Border Trade with Mexico

Natural gas as a source of energy has attracted a lot of interest as its emissions rate and price are lower than other fossil fuel energy sources. In the U.S., natural gas-fired power generation has been rising, as coal has declined as a share of the fuel mix. Likewise, Mexico recently launched its energy reform with focus on greatly expanding use of natural gas over other fossil fuels, primarily in the energy sector, by opening the market to private investors. These recent economic and policy changes, along with increasing gas production in the U.S. (shale gas boom) are likely to drive the natural gas market in North America in a new direction. For instance, the Annual Energy Outlook 2015 describes the U.S. for the first time as a net exporter of natural gas (via pipelines and LNG) by 2017. In order to study the current North American gas market with its new regulations like the Mexican energy reform, this paper presents the North American Natural Gas Market Model(NANGAM). We propose a long-term partial-equilibrium model of the United States, Mexican, and Canadian gas markets. NANGAM considers more granular details regarding market regions and pipelines in Mexico than other existing models, allows for endogenous infrastructure expansion, and is built in five year time-steps up to 2040, considering three seasons (low, high, and peak demand) for each time-step. NANGAM is calibrated using up-to-date data, which reflects current gas market trends, such as the increasing U.S. shale gas production. Using NANGAM, we assess the implications of the Mexican energy reform using a set of ad-hoc future scenarios. Results from the model show that, in the case of disappointing development of natural gas production in Mexico, the census region US7 (Texas and adjacent states) is the most affected, reaching an increase of natural gas production of up to 12% by 2040 compared to baseline projections

Correlation function for the TbbT_{bb} state: Determination of the binding, scattering lengths, effective ranges and molecular probabilities

We perform a study of the $B^{*+}B^0,B^{*0}B^+$ correlation functions using an extension of the local hidden gauge approach which provides the interaction from the exchange of light vector mesons and gives rise to a bound state of these components in $I=0$ with a binding energy of about $21$~MeV. After that, we face the inverse problem of determining the low energy observables, scattering length and effective range for each channel, the possible existence of a bound state, and, if found, the couplings of such a state to each $B^{*+}B^0,B^{*0}B^+$ component as well as the molecular probabilities of each of the channels. We use the bootstrap method to determine these magnitudes and find that, with errors in the correlation function typical of present experiments, we can determine all these magnitudes with acceptable precision. In addition, the size of the source function of the experiment from where the correlation functions are measured can be also determined with a high precision.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure

Sobre la invención del 98

Reivindica el concepto de generación –distinto de escuela– como un instrumento útil para la organización histórica de los autores literarios, pintores, músicos o cineastas. El elemento unificador está en la coetaneidad: todos sus miembros cuentan con el mismo periodo de formación. Distingue algunas características propias de la generación del 98 como su marcado idealismo, la preocupación por el lenguaje y la conciencia crítica de la obra, lo que significó una ruptura con la estética del siglo XIX y una auténtica revolución literaria.This article restores the concept of generation—distinct from school—as a useful instrument for the historical organization of the literary authors, painters, musicians or filmmakers. The unifying element is their contemporaneity: all of the members are part of the same period of formation/training. The article distinguishes characteristics of the Generation of ‘98 such as its marked idealism, preoccupation with the language and critical conscience of the work, what it meant to break with the aesthetic of the 19th century and an authentic literary revolution

Functional consequences of seven novel mutations in the CYP11B1 Gene: four mutations associated with nonclassic and three mutations causing classic 11 -Hydroxylase Deficiency

Context: Steroid 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) deficiency (11OHD) is the second most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Cases of nonclassic 11OHD are rare compared with the incidence of nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the functional consequences of seven novel CYP11B1 mutations (p.M88I, p.W116G, p.P159L, p.A165D, p.K254_A259del, p.R366C, p.T401A) found in three patients with classic 11OHD, two patients with nonclassic 11OHD, and three heterozygous carriers for CYP11B1 mutations. Methods: We conducted functional studies employing a COS7 cell in vitro expression system comparing wild-type (WT) and mutant CYP11B1 activity. Mutants were examined in a computational three-dimensional model of the CYP11B1 protein. Results: All mutations (p.W116G, p.A165D, p.K254_A259del) found in patients with classic 11OHD have absent or very little 11β-hydroxylase activity relative to WT. The mutations detected in patients with nonclassic 11OHD showed partial functional impairment, with one patient being homozygous (p.P159L; 25% of WT) and the other patient compound heterozygous for a novel mild p.M88I (40% of WT) and the known severe p.R383Q mutation. The two mutations detected in heterozygous carriers (p.R366C, p.T401A) also reduced CYP11B1 activity by 23 to 37%, respectively. Conclusion: Functional analysis results allow for the classification of novel CYP11B1 mutations as causative for classic and nonclassic 11OHD, respectively. Four partially inactivating mutations are predicted to result in nonclassic 11OHD. These findings double the number of mild CYP11B1 mutations previously described as associated with mild 11OHD. Our data are important to predict phenotypic expression and provide important information for clinical and genetic counseling i

Dualidad y paralelismos en «Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar», de Calderón

Este trabajo examina las dualidades, simetrías y paralelismos en Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar, que afectan a diversos aspectos de la obra, como el argumento, la estructura, los personajes, el espacio y los diálogos. El estudio de la «matemática perfecta» calderoniana permite comprender mejor la construcción de esta famosa comedia de capa y espada.This paper examines the dualities, symmetries and paralelisms of Casa con dos puertas, mala es de guardar, which affect to several aspects of the play, as the argument, the structure, the characters, the spaces and the dialogues. The study of the Calderón’s «perfect mathematics» allows to understand better the shape of this famous cloak and sword play is a better way