The Electrolyte Composition of Pharmacologically and Thermally Stimulated Sweat: A Comparative Study**From the Division of Dermatology, University of Oregon Medical School Portland, Oregon 97201.

The sodium and potassium content of sweat induced by pilocarpine iontophoresis, and alter the intracutaneous injection of pilocarpine, acetylcholine or methylcholine, were compared with thermal sweat. In most subjects, sodium concentrations were higher in pharmacologic sweat than in thermal sweat. An increase in potassium content in pharmacologic sweat was seen in all subjects. Unphysiological exposure of the ductal portion, as well as the secretory portion of sweat gland to exogenous cholinergic drugs was assumed as a possible cause of the high sodium and potassium concentrations of pharmacologically-stimulated sweat

What is open-access publishing and what it means for the forensic enterprise

Science is a public endeavor the results of which are intended to be shared with other scientists, professionals, and the public [1]. This is viewed as a worldwide right: Article 27 of the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights states that ''Everyone has the right to freely participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.'' (United Nations, 1948). The publishing of scientific advancements began in 1665 with Journal des savants and the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. Since then, it is estimated that about 50 million journal articles have been published [2]. At the outset, the idea of publishing scientific results was mocked and created controversy, through difficulties in publishing (like the plague and the Great Fire of London) and scandal (the first editor, Henry Oldenburg, was accused of passing information to an enemy nation while corresponding with a Dutch colleague) [3]. The Royal Society was adamant, however, that science advanced only if a free and open discourse and exploration of ideas, supported by empirical evidence, was allowed.In 2008, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandated that researchers submit final peer-reviewed journal manuscripts to the digital archive PubMed Central no later than 12 months after they had been accepted for publication. Following the European Commission's announcement about open access publishing, the U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) advised all U.S. funding agencies that spend more than $100 million on external research and development to make publications on supported research freely available online after a suggested 12-month embargo. The Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies (ROARMAP 2 2 http://roarmap.eprints.org/ . ) provides a searchable international database of agencies with open access requirements. As of February 2019, mandates have been registered by over 700 universities (including Harvard, MIT, Stanford, University College London, and University of Edinburgh) and over 100 research funders worldwide.Scopu