A Secure and Lightweight Chaos Based Image Encryption Scheme

In this paper, we present an image encryption scheme based on the multi-stage chaos-based image encryption algorithm. The method works on the principle of confusion and diffusion. The proposed scheme containing both confusion and diffusion modules are highly secure and effective as compared to the existing schemes. Initially, an image (red, green, and blue components) is partitioned into blocks with an equal number of pixels. Each block is then processed with Tinkerbell Chaotic Map (TBCM) to get shuffled pixels and shuffled blocks. Composite Fractal Function (CFF) change the value of pixels of each color component (layer) to obtain a random sequence. Through the obtained random sequence, three layers of plain image are encrypted. Finally, with each encrypted layer, Brownian Particles (BP) are XORed that added an extra layer of security. The experimental tests including a number of statistical tests validated the security of the presented scheme. The results reported in the paper show that the proposed scheme has higher security and is lightweight as compared to state-of-the-art methods proposed in the literature

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes among Youths in Jordan: Incidence and Trends for the period (2011-2016)

This study aimed at analyzing the incidence of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes among youths in Jordan for the period (2011-2016), the researchers adopted the survey methodology for the period of five years from the records of the medical centers (public and private) in Jordan. Also investigated the differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes in diagnosis and treatments. Results showed significant upward trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes was observed overall with considerable variation across demographic subgroups of age, sex. And also showed among youths who were 10 to 19 years of age, unadjusted models revealed significant increases in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with increases observed across all age and sex

Anemia Of Chronic Disease And Kidney Failure

Anemia is a disease that caused due to inflammation, autoimmune disease, or chronic disease as cancer, kidney failure, heart failure, diabetes, but the main reason of anemia is iron deficiency. Breathlessness, weakness, and exhaustion are all possible effects of anemia. Anemia comes in a variety of types. Everyone has a unique reason. Anemia may be chronic or transient. It could be minor or really serious. Anemia may indicate a more serious medical condition.  In this research we will explain the anemia due to chronic disease especially kidney failure. Anemia occurs when decreasing the number of red blood cells that carry oxygen to the body. According to world health organization (WHO), the person has anemia when hemoglobin (which is present in red blood cells, transports oxygen from the lungs to every other organ in the body), (Hb) levels <12.0 g/dl in women and <13.0 g/dl in men. We can treat anemia by iron supplement, medications, blood transfusion, vitB12, blood and bone transplant but it occur in hospital and by healthy diet. If anemia remained untreated it will be a risk of irregular heartbeat, heart failure, infection, and in children it may cause developmental delay. We can diagnosis anemia by blood tests which are used by medical practitioners to look for indications of inflammation-related anemia, other anemias, or other health issues. You will give blood to a medical professional who will then submit the sample to a lab for analysis. The National institutes of health (NIH) approved that we can examine a variety of components and characteristics of your blood, such as how many red blood cells ,the dimensions of red blood cells ,how much hemoglobin is present in your blood and red blood cells ,the quantity of reticulocytes, or growing red blood cells, in your blood. Blood tests are another tool that a medical expert may use to measure how much iron is stored in blood, transferrin, and ferritin. If the results of a blood test indicate that you have anemia low blood iron levels will appear, determining the amount of iron in low and normal range. Adults who suffer from severe anemia may become vulnerable to heart or lung issues. For instance, you might experience heart failure, in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood throughout your body at the proper pressure or tachycardia, which is an unusually rapid heartbeat. Anemia  can also come from obesity unlike exception of some people so we should follow health diet has iron supplement such as meat, sugar beet

Overview on Epidemiology and Management of Myxedema Coma or Crisis

The most severe type of hypothyroidism is known as myxedema coma, which can quickly lead to death if not identified and treated aggressively. The condition known as hypothyroidism is easily detected and treated. But if ignored, it might eventually progress to myxedema coma, the most serious form of hypothyroidism. Since the majority of patients do not initially appear in a coma, the term "myxedema coma" is usually regarded as misleading. Lethargy usually progresses to stupor, which then becomes a coma with hypothermia and respiratory failure. only clinical criteria are used for diagnosis because thyroid hormone assays are unable to distinguish between simple hyperthyroidism and thyroid storm. Apart from essential medical interventions, the treatment focuses on preventing thyroid hormone production and secretion as antithyroid medications, and preventing the peripheral effects of thyroid hormone as β-blocker, glucocorticoids. The diagnosis of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood is the same as that of simple hypothyroidism. As soon as a diagnosis is obtained, treatment should start right away. The majority of hospital and commercial laboratories can turnaround a TSH test in a matter of hours

Phenotypic detection and genotyping of Clostridium perfringens associated with enterotoxemia in sheep in the Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia

Background and Aim: Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens toxinotypes is an often fatal disease of sheep of all ages, with a substantial economic loss to the sheep industry. This study was conducted to isolate C. perfringens from suspected cases of enterotoxemia in sheep in the central part of the Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia, and to determine the prevalent toxinotype by detecting alpha (cpA), beta (cpB), and epsilon (etX) toxin genes, which might help control this disease locally. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 rectal swabs and intestinal content samples were collected from diseased and animals suspected of having died of enterotoxemia in early 2020. Samples were subjected to bacteriological examination, biochemical analysis of isolates by VITEK 2, and molecular toxinotyping of isolates by LightCycler® real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: Our results revealed that only 14 isolates were confirmed by VITEK 2 as being C. perfringens, with excellent identification (probability of 95% and 97%). According to the toxinotyping of isolates by RT-PCR, all 14 isolates possessed both the cpA and etX toxin genes, while the cpB toxin gene was not detected in any of the isolates. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that C. perfringens type D was the only toxinotype found in the central part of the Qassim Region in 2020; moreover, according to the culture method, only 15% (14/93) of the suspected cases of enterotoxemia were confirmed to be caused by C. perfringens infection, which highlighted the importance of clinical and laboratory differential diagnosis of enterotoxemia in sheep

Role of the work-to-rest ratio in high-intensity interval exercise on heart rate variability and blood pressure in sedentary obese men

Objective: The effect of different durations of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) in obese men. Materials and Methods: The study was a repeated measure and conducted in a counterbalanced order. Fifteen young obese men participated in five exercise tests on a cycle ergometer as follows: (a) graded exercise test to determine exercise intensity, (b) constant-load exercise test at 40% of HR reserve (HRR) for 20 min, (c) the 30:30 HIIE protocol at 80% of HRR (30 s of exercise followed by 30-s recovery intervals for 20 min), (d) the 60:60 HIIE protocol at 80% of HRR for 20 min, and (e) the 60:30 HIIE protocol at 80% of HRR for 15 min. HRV and BP were recorded before exercise, at the end of exercise, and at 30 min after exercise. Participants also provided feedback regarding the pleasure and excitement to exercise. Results: HRV recovery was greater in the 30:30 HIIE protocol and lesser in the 60:30 HIIE protocol. The mean arterial BP exhibited postexercise hypotension. Peak rate pressure product during exercise was highest in the 60:30 protocol and lowest in the 30:30 protocol. The participants preferred the 60:60 HIIE protocol in terms of pleasure and excitement. Conclusions: Interval exercise of 1:1 ratio model is recommended over the 2:1 ratio for obese men, with better physiological responses to the 30:30 HIIE protocol and better psychological responses to the 60:60 HIIE protocol

Comparison of the Kinetic Hydrate Inhibition Performance of Block and Statistical <i>N</i>‑Alkylacrylamide Copolymers

Various classes of water-soluble polymers have been used for over 2 decades as kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs) to prevent the plugging of flowlines with gas hydrates. Many of these polymers are polyvinyl-based and are synthesized by radical polymerization of the corresponding vinylic monomers. When two or more co-monomers are used, this will give statistical copolymers. In this study, we compare the KHI performance of statistical and block copolymers made from <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) with both <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethylacrylamide (DMA) and 2-hydroxyethylacrylamide (HEAA). The copolymers were made using similar procedures and have very similar molecular weights and PDI (dispersity) values to enable good KHI performance comparison. The copolymers were tested in high pressure rocking cells using a structure II-forming synthetic natural gas mixture using a slow constant cooling method. All of the 1:1 block copolymers, at 2500 or 7000 ppm, gave statistically significant lower average onset temperatures than the equivalent 1:1 statistical copolymers by about 1 °C. For the 3:1 NIPAM:HEAA statistical and block copolymers, the performances were more similar. These 3:1 ratios were also the best performing copolymers, probably reflecting the higher percentage of the more hydrophobic NIPAM co-monomer

Red Blood Cell Alloimmunization and Autoimmunization in Blood Transfusion-Dependent Sickle Cell Disease and β-Thalassemia Patients in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction. The risk of developing transfusion-related complications, especially alloimmunization, is an ongoing concern for transfusion-dependent patients. It is important to determine the rate of alloimmunization and autoimmunization in Al-Ahsa Region, Saudi Arabia, where sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia incidence rates are the highest in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted to review the transfusion history of patients with SCD and thalassemia at the King Fahad Hospital (KFH) in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. 364 transfusion-dependent patients were included in this study. Results. Alloimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia were 16.7% and 11.97%, respectively, while autoimmunization rates in patients with SCD and thalassemia were 5.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The most frequent alloantibodies among the study participants were against Kell, Rh blood group systems. Conclusion. Blood transfusion-related alloimmunization and autoimmunization compromise the proper management of chronically transfused patients. Ideally, extended matched phenotyping should be implemented to prevent alloimmunization and reduce the risk of developing blood transfusion-related alloantibodies

Synthesis of nickel cobalt-codoped tin oxide nanoparticles from Psidium guajava with anticancer properties

Metal oxide nanoparticles have been found to selectively target the tumor cells while non-toxic to the normal cells. Leukemia is one of the widespread and deadly cancers in adults, as well as the most common cancer in children. Recently, the nanoparticles have evolved as a simple, economic, effective, and ecologically sound strategy among the known nanoparticle synthesis techniques. In the present study, the structural, optical, and antibacterial effects of nickel cobalt-codoped Tin oxide nanoparticles (SnNiCoO2 NPs) formulated by the green process and the anticancer potential of SnNiCoO2 NPs in Molt-4 cells have been studied. The cytotoxic potential of the NPs against Molt-4 cells was estimated by MTT assay. The ROS and MMP levels were measured using fluorescent dyes and the changes in morphology and nuclei were noted using AO/EB staining. CAT, SOD, MDA, and GSH), and Proinflammatory Cytokines (TNF-α and IL1β) were also studied. The activity of caspase-3, −9, and −8 levels was examined to analyze the apoptotic mechanism. The XRD patterns of SnNiCoO2 NPs revealed a tetragonal structure. The SnNiCoO2 NPs was revealed a diameter of 126 nm by the DLS study. The morphology and elemental composition were studied using FESEM and EDAX spectra. In the FT-IR study, the O-sn-O stretching band was found to be 615 and 542 cm-1. The antimicrobial potential of the SnNiCoO2 NPs was examined against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. Albicans strains. A tremendous reduction in the viability of MOLT-4 cells at concentration-dependent mode witnessed the cytotoxic potential of the formulated NPs. The augmented ROS accumulation, depletion of MMP status, depleted antioxidants, and increased proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL1β) were noted on the NPs exposed cells. Furthermore, the increased expressions of caspase-3, −9, and −8 was also noted in the NPs treated MOLT-4 cells. Hence, the outcomes suggest that the formulated SnNiCoO2 NPs had remarkably potent antimicrobial and anticancer properties and could potentially prove beneficial in cancer treatment. Induces mitochondrial oxidative stress with nickel–cobalt-codoped tin oxide nanoparticles from Psidium guajava, which is a potential drug candidate for the antibiotic, antifungal, and anticancer activities of plant-based nanoparticles