Upotreba patočnog ulja, nusproizvoda prehrambene industrije u biotehnologiji - Kinetički model enzimske esterifikacije izoamilnog alkohola s oleinskom kiselinom pomoću lipaze B iz plijesni Candida antarctica

Fusel oil is a by-product of distilleries, its main component is i-amyl alcohol, which can form ester compounds. Esterification of oleic acid and i-amyl alcohol by Candida antarctica lipase B (Novozym 435 preparation) in n-heptane solvent was studied in this work. Ping-pong bi-bi mechanism (inhibition phenomena taken into account) was applied as a complex kinetic model. The parameters of the model were determined by numerical methods. It was found that four-parameter model fitted well with the experimental results and described properly the enzymatic reaction.Patočno je ulje („fusel oil“) nusproizvod destilacije, a njegov je glavni sastojak izoamilni alkohol čijom esterifikacijom nastaju esteri. U ovom je radu ispitana esterifikacija oleinske kiseline s izoamilnim alkoholom u n-heptanu pomoću lipaze B izolirane iz kvasca Candida antarctica (preparat Novozym 435). Primijenjen je složeni kinetički model ping-pong bi-bi mehanizma, pri čemu je uzeta u obzir pojava inhibicije. Parametri modela određeni su numeričkim metodama. Utvrđeno je da je za rezultate pokusa i opis enzimske reakcije najprikladniji model sa 4 parametra

A Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszer – a tudomány válasza a rendvédelmi hivatásos állomány alkalmasságvizsgálatának kihívásaira

Numerous international and domestic studies have shown that all the duties which law enforcement personnel perform put an increased strain of mental and physical health. All this makes the aptitude testing system of the professionals essential and at the same time more important. An essential condition for the effectiveness of such a system is to be able to continuously adapt to changes in organizational needs and the characteristics of applicants for the organization. The explosive growth in digitalization and the use of the World Wide Web has posed a revision of the more than ten years applied aptitude test system for law enforcement professionals as law enforcement challenges and the younger generation’s changed abilities and motivation to work. In response to these challenges, the Two-stage Integrated Aptitude Testing System (abbreviated as KLIR) was established by Decree No. 45/2020 on the suitability assessment of professional staff and law enforcement administrative staff employed by certain law enforcement agencies under the Minister of the Interior. (XII.16.) BM. Regulation entered into force on 1 January 2021. In our study, we describe the scientific basis of the KLIR system, discussing it along the most important principles of the system. We show how the two steps of the KLIR procedure –examining the fit of work of individuals on several levels at the same time – serving the selection of the most suitable candidates and in addition to the screening of unsuitable ones, thereby improving individual and organizational performance. In the spirit of flexible adaptability, which is considered to be one of the keys to organizational efficiency, we describe the possibilities of the innovations of the KLIR procedure, the scheme of aptitude test categories, the three-level regulatory order, and the coherency between aptitude tests and the training system. The article concludes with a description how the targeted scientific research has contributed to the development of the KLIR system and provides a glimpse of relevant future perspectives.Számos nemzetközi és hazai kutatás igazolja, hogy minden olyan munka, melyet a belügyi rendvédelmi szervek hivatásos állománya végez, fokozott egészségi, pszichikai és fizikai megterheléssel jár. Mindez elengedhetetlenné és egyben kiemelt fontosságúvá teszi a hivatásos állomány alkalmasságvizsgálati rendszerét. Egy ilyen rendszer hatékonyságának alapvető feltétele, hogy folyamatosan igazodjon a szervezeti igényekben, valamint a szervezethez jelentkezők jellemzőiben bekövetkező változásokhoz. A digitalizáció és a világháló használatának robbanásszerű megnövekedése jelentette rendvédelmi kihívások, valamint a fiatal generáció megváltozott képességei és munka iránti motivációja törvényszerűen vonta maga után a rendvédelmi hivatásos állomány több, mint tíz éves alkalmasságvizsgálati rendszerének felülvizsgálatát. Ezen kihívásokra adott válaszként született meg a Kétlépcsős Integrált Alkalmasságvizsgálati Rendszer (röviden: KLIR), melyet a belügyminiszter irányítása alatt álló egyes rendvédelmi szerveknél foglalkoztatott hivatásos állomány és rendvédelmi igazgatási alkalmazotti állomány alkalmasságvizsgálatáról szóló 45/2020. (XII.16.) BM. rendelet 2021. január 1-jével kötelező érvénnyel bevezetett. Tanulmányunkban a KLIR rendszer tudományos megalapozását ismertetjük a rendszer legfontosabb alapelvei mentén tárgyalva. Bemutatjuk, hogy a KLIR rendszer két lépcsőfoka – a munka és az egyén illeszkedését több szinten vizsgálva – miként szolgálja az alkalmatlanok kiszűrésén túl a leginkább alkalmas jelölt kiválasztását, ezen keresztül pedig az egyéni és szervezeti hatékonyságot. A szervezeti hatékonyság egyik kulcsának tekintett rugalmas alkalmazkodóképesség jegyében ismertetjük a KLIR rendszer újításaiban, az alkalmasságvizsgálati kategóriák rendszerében, a háromszintű szabályozási rendben, valamint az alkalmasságvizsgálatok és a továbbképzési rendszer összekapcsolásában rejlő lehetőségeket. A cikket a célzott tudományos kutatásnaka KLIR rendszer kialakításában játszott szerepének ismertetése, valamint a vonatkozó jövőbeni perspektívák felvillantása zárja

Precision estimation of crop coefficient for maize cultivation using high-resolution satellite imagery to enhance evapotranspiration assessment in agriculture

The estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) is crucial for irrigation water management, especially in arid regions. This can be particularly relevant in the Po Valley (Italy), where arable lands suffer from drought damages on an annual basis, causing drastic crop yield losses. This study presents a novel approach for vegetation-based estimation of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) for maize. Three years of high-resolution multispectral satellite (Sentinel-2)-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Difference Red Edge Index (NDRE), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) time series data were used to derive crop coefficients of maize in nine plots at the Acqua Campus experimental farm of Irrigation Consortium for the Emilia Romagna Canal (CER), Italy. Since certain vegetation indices (VIs) (such as NDVI) have an exponential nature compared to the other indices, both linear and power regression models were evaluated to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc). In the context of linear regression, the correlations between Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)-based Kc and NDWI, NDRE, NDVI, and LAI-based Kc were 0.833, 0.870, 0.886, and 0.771, respectively. Strong correlation values in the case of power regression (NDWI: 0.876, NDRE: 0.872, NDVI: 0.888, LAI: 0.746) indicated an alternative approach to provide crop coefficients for the vegetation period. The VI-based ETc values were calculated using reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and VI-based Kc. The weather station data of CER were used to calculate ET0 based on Penman-Monteith estimation. Out of the Vis, NDWI and NDVI-based ETc performed the best both in the cases of linear (NDWI RMSE: 0.43 ± 0.12; NDVI RMSE: 0.43 ± 0.095) and power (NDWI RMSE: 0.44 ± 0.116; NDVI RMSE: 0.44 ± 0.103) approaches. The findings affirm the efficacy of the developed methodology in accurately assessing the evapotranspiration rate. Consequently, it offers a more refined temporal estimation of water requirements for maize cultivation in the region

Archaeometrical results related to Neolithic amphibolite stone implements from Northeast Hungary

28 amphibolite Neolithic polished stone implements deriving from different archaeological localities and cultures in Northeast Hungary (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County) were archaeometrically analysed by mainly non-destructive methods (MS, EDS/SEM, PGAA). Bulk chemistry of the samples showing subalkali characteristics. The amphibolite polished stone tools were divided into two groups based on their mineral components and metamorphic evolution. A single Ca-amphibole approach was used to calculate peak P-T conditions to determine a thermobarometric model for the amphibolite implements. Data of the studied samples were compared to those of the nearest amphibolite outcrops in Gemericum, Veporicum, Tatricum and Zemplinikum (Slovakia). The Variscan P-T loop covered the thermobarometric data of the analysed stone implements and the amphibolite outcrops. The source areas are assumed to be these fields and/or the crossing riverbeds flowing through them to Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, the archaeological collecting territory of the amphibolite stone axes

Doege–Potter-szindróma a mellhártya óriás malignus szoliter fibrosus tumorával = Doege–Potter syndrome with giant malignant solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura

Absztrakt: A mellhártya ritkának számító szoliter fibrosus tumora néhány százalékban hypoglykaemiával társul, amit első két leírójukról Doege–Potter-szindrómának neveztek el. Hatvanhárom éves férfi betegünk egy évvel korábban már pulmonológiai kezelés alatt állt bal oldali mellüregi folyadékgyülemmel, bal alsó lebenyi daganat CT-képével. Ismét fokozódó terhelési dyspnoe miatt végzett újabb vizsgálatok során a most már óriásira nőtt tumor vastagtű-biopsziája low grade sarkomát igazolt. Onkológiai konzílium műtéti elbírálás mérlegelését javasolta. A beteg nyugalmi dyspnoe és ismétlődő hypoglykaemiás rosszullétek miatt gyorsan romló állapotban az intenzív osztályról került a műtőbe. A tumor eltávolítása és bal oldali pneumonectomia történt szövődménymentes gyógyulással. A szövettan szoliter fibrosus pleuratumort igazolt a Doege–Potter-szindrómának megfelelően. A műtét alatt észlelt pleuralis szóródás miatt adjuváns kemoterápiában részesült. Egy évvel a műtét után helyileg kiújult tumort távolítottunk el. A folytatódó kemoterápia ellenére lokális és ellenoldali pulmonalis progressziót észleltünk. A beteg első műtétjétől számított túlélése három év. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(4): 149–153. | Abstract: Infrequent solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura are associated with hypoglycaemia only in a few percent of the cases; this condition is called Doege–Potter syndrome, named after its first descriptors. Our 63 years old male patient has previously undergone clinical treatment for intrathoracic fluid accumulation on the left side caused by a giant tumour-like mass in the lower left lobe detected by CT scan. In the course of further investigations performed due to increasing load-induced dyspnoea, lung core biopsy verified low grade sarcoma in the tumour. Tumour board suggested surgery. The patient was transferred from the intensive care unit into the operation theater due to increasing dyspnoea and repeated hypoglycaemic periods in rapidly worsening general condition. Pneumonectomy and removal of the tumour was performed on the left side. Histology showed solitary fibrous tumour of the pleura corresponding to Doege–Potter syndrome. The patient was discharged without complications and underwent adjuvant chemotherapy due to pleural dissemination of the tumour observed intraoperatively. One year after surgery the patient underwent surgical removal of a locally recurrent tumour. In spite of repeated chemotherapy local and multiplex contralateral pulmonary progression was observed. Three-year survival was noted from the time of the first surgery. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(41): 149–153

LIFEStyle, prevention and risk of Acute PaNcreatitis (LIFESPAN): protocol of a multicentre and multinational observational case-control study

Introduction Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas which needs acute hospitalisation. Despite its importance, we have significant lack of knowledge whether the lifestyle factors elevate or decrease the risk of AP or influence the disease outcome. So far, no synthetising study has been carried out examining associations between socioeconomic factors, dietary habits, physical activity, chronic stress, sleep quality and AP. Accordingly, LIFESPAN identifies risk factors of acute pancreatitis and helps to prepare preventive recommendations for lifestyle elements. Methods and analysis LIFESPAN is an observational, multicentre international case–control study. Participating subjects will create case and control groups. The study protocol was designed according to the SPIRIT guideline. Patients in the case group (n=1700) have suffered from AP (alcohol-induced, n=500; biliary, n=500; hypertriglyceridemiainduced, n=200; other, n=500); the control group subjects have no AP in their medical history. Our study will have three major control groups (n=2200): hospital-based (n=500), population-based (n=500) and aetiology-based (alcohol, n=500; biliary, n=500 and hypertriglyceridemia, n=200). All of them will be matched to the case group individually by gender, age and location of residence. Aggregately, 3900 subjects will be enrolled into the study. The study participants will complete a complex questionnaire with the help of a clinical research administrator/study nurse. Analysis methods include analysis of the continuous and categorical values. Ethics and dissemination The study has obtained the relevant ethical approval (54175-2/2018/EKU) and also internationally registered (ISRCTN25940508). After obtaining the final conclusions, we will publish the data to the medical community and will also disseminate our results via open access

Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: A prospective, multicenter, international cohort analysis of 716 acute pancreatitis cases

Background Hypertriglyceridemia is the third most common cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). It has been shown that hypertriglyceridemia aggravates the severity and related complications of AP; however, detailed analyses of large cohorts are inadequate and contradictory. Our aim was to investigate the dose-dependent effect of hypertriglyceridemia on AP. Methods AP patients over 18 years old who underwent triglyceride measurement within the initial three days were included into our cohort analysis from a prospective international, multicenter AP registry operated by the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group. Data on 716 AP cases were analyzed. Six groups were created based on the highest triglyceride level (Peer reviewe