Muscle Research and Human Space Exploration: Current Progress and Future Challenges

Since the beginning of human space flight, there has been serious concern over the exposure of human crewmembers to the microgravity of space due to the systemic effects on terrestrially-evolved creatures that are adapted to Earth gravity. Humans in the microgravity environment of space, within our currently developed space vehicles, are exposed to various periods of skeletal muscle unloading (unweighting). Unloading of skeletal muscle both on Earth and during spaceflight results in remodeling of muscle (atrophic response) as an adaptation to the reduced loads placed upon it. As a result, there are decrements in skeletal muscle strength, fatigue resistance, motor performance, and connective tissue integrity. This normal adaptive response to the microgravity environment is for the most part of little consequence within the space vehicle per se but may become a liability resulting in an increased risk of crewmember physical failure during extravehicular activities or abrupt transitions to environments of increased gravity (such as return to Earth or landing on another planetary body)

Urine Monitoring System

The Urine Monitoring System (UMS) is a system designed to collect an individual crewmember's void, gently separate urine from air, accurately measure void volume, allow for void sample acquisition, and discharge remaining urine into the Waste Collector Subsystem (WCS) onboard the International Space Station. The Urine Monitoring System (UMS) is a successor design to the existing Space Shuttle system and will resolve anomalies such as: liquid carry-over, inaccurate void volume measurements, and cross contamination in void samples. The crew will perform an evaluation of airflow at the ISS UMS urinal hose interface, a calibration evaluation, and a full user interface evaluation. o The UMS can be used to facilitate non-invasive methods for monitoring crew health, evaluation of countermeasures, and implementation of a variety of biomedical research protocols on future exploration missions

自尊心がネガティブフィードバック後の課題遂行意欲に及ぼす影響

課題評価についてネガティブなフィードバックを受けた後の影響を実験的に検討した。特に、個人要因として自尊心、状況要因として「課題成績を上げることができるかもしれない」という示唆を与える操作である移行可能性に着目した。分析の結果、高自尊心者では移行可能性の高い群で課題遂行意欲が高かった。一方で、低自尊心者は移行可能性の低い群で課題遂行意欲が高かった

Evaluation of a Smartwatch-based Intervention Providing Feedback of Daily Activity within a Research-Naive Stroke Ward: a pilot randomised controlled trial

Background. The majority of stroke patients are inactive outside formal therapy sessions. Tailored activity feedback via a Smartwatch has the potential to increase inpatient activity. Objective. to identify the challenges and support needed by ward staff and researchers and to examine the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) using Smartwatch activity monitors in research naive rehabilitation wards. Objectives (Phase 1 and 2) were to report any challenges and support needed and determine the recruitment and retention rate, completion of outcome measures, Smartwatch adherence rate (Phase 2 only) readiness to randomise, adherence to protocol (intervention fidelity) and potential for effect. Methods. First admission, stroke patients (onset <4 months) aged 40-75, able to walk 10m prior to stroke and follow a two stage command with sufficient cognition and vision (clinically judged) were recruited within the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Phase 1: a non-randomised observation phase (to allow practice of protocol) - patients received no activity feedback. Phase 2: a parallel single-blind pilot RCT. Patients were randomised into one of two groups: to receive daily activity feedback over a nine hour period, or to receive no activity feedback. EQ-5D-5L, WHODAS and RMI were conducted at baseline, discharge and three months post-discharge. Descriptives statistics were performed on recruitment, retention, completion and activity counts as well as adherence to protocol. Results. Out of 470 ward admissions, 11% were recruited across the two phases, over a 30-week period. Retention rate at the three months post-discharge was 48%. 22% of patients dropped out post-baseline assessment, 78% completed baseline and discharge admissions, from which 62% were assessed three months post-discharge. Smartwatch data was received from all patients. Patients were correctly randomised into each RCT group. RCT adherence rate to wearing the Smartwatch was 80%. Baseline activity was exceeded for 65% of days in the feedback group compared to 55% of days in the no-feedback group. Conclusions. Delivery of a Smartwatch RCT is feasible in a research naive rehabilitation ward. However, frequent support and guidance of research-naive staff is required to ensure completeness of clinical assessment data and protocol adherence

Spot Navidul

Anunci publicitari de Navidul. Publicitat i Relacions Públiques. R51. Creativitat Publicitària. Curs acadèmic 2007/200