Physical activity of students of higher education institutions, as a necessary component of effective health saving approach to educational process

Significant decrease of level of physical health of the student youth demonstrates the need for early use of health approaches in the educational process. But among experts there is no single opinion about quality of the structure and contents of modern health-saving approach. The authors propose to consider such approaches taking into account their influence on the formation of the students of health competenciesЗначимое снижение уровня физического здоровья студенческой молодежи свидетельствует о необходимости скорейшего использования здоровьесберегающих подходов в образовательном процессе. Однако среди специалистов сегодня нет единого мнения о качественной структуре и содержании современного здоровьесберегающего подхода. Авторы предлагают рассматривать подобные подходы с учетом их влияния на формирование у студентов здоровьесберегающих компетенци

High-Pressure Synthesis of Dirac Materials: Layered van der Waals Bonded BeN4 Polymorph

High-pressure chemistry is known to inspire the creation of unexpected new classes of compounds with exceptional properties. Here, we employ the laser-heated diamond anvil cell technique for synthesis of a Dirac material BeN4. A triclinic phase of beryllium tetranitride tr-BeN4 was synthesized from elements at ∼85 GPa. Upon decompression to ambient conditions, it transforms into a compound with atomic-thick BeN4 layers interconnected via weak van der Waals bonds and consisting of polyacetylene-like nitrogen chains with conjugated π systems and Be atoms in square-planar coordination. Theoretical calculations for a single BeN4 layer show that its electronic lattice is described by a slightly distorted honeycomb structure reminiscent of the graphene lattice and the presence of Dirac points in the electronic band structure at the Fermi level. The BeN4 layer, i.e., beryllonitrene, represents a qualitatively new class of 2D materials that can be built of a metal atom and polymeric nitrogen chains and host anisotropic Dirac fermions. © 2021 American Physical Society.Parts of this research were carried out at the Extreme Conditions Beamline (P02.2) at DESY, a member of Helmholtz Association (HGF). Portions of this work were performed on beamline ID15 at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France. Portions of this work were performed at GeoSoilEnviroCARS (The University of Chicago, Sector 13) and at HPCAT (sector 16) of the Advanced Photon Source (APS), Argonne National Laboratory. Research was sponsored by the Army Research Office and was accomplished under the Cooperative Agreement No. W911NF-19-2-0172. N. D. and L. D. thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Projects No. DU 954-11/1, No. DU 393-9/2, and No. DU 393-13/1) and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Germany (BMBF, Grant No. No. 05K19WC1) for financial support. D. L. thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for financial support. Theoretical analysis of chemical bonding was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Project No. 18-12-00492). Calculations of the phonon dispersion relations were supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST MISIS (No. K2-2020-026) implemented by governmental decree No. 211. Support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (Wallenberg Scholar Grant No. KAW-2018.0194), the Swedish Government Strategic Research Areas in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO-Mat-LiU No. 2009 00971) and SeRC, the Swedish Research Council (VR) Grant No. 2019-05600 and Vinnova VINN Excellence Center Functional Nanoscale Materials (FunMat-2) Grant No. 2016–05156 is gratefully acknowledged. The computations were enabled by resources provided by the Swedish National Infrastructure for Computing (SNIC) partially funded by the Swedish Research Council through Grant Agreement No. 2016-07213. The work of M. I. K. was supported by the JTC-FLAGERA Project GRANSPORT. GeoSoilEnviroCARS is supported by the National Science Foundation–Earth Sciences (EAR–1634415) and Department of Energy-Geosciences (DE-FG02-94ER14466). HPCAT operations are supported by DOE-NNSA’s Office of Experimental Sciences. Advanced Photon Source is U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357

DataSheet5_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p

DataSheet7_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p

High-Pressure Synthesis of Dirac Materials: Layered van der Waals Bonded BeN4 Polymorph

Contains fulltext : 236433.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access

DataSheet2_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p

DataSheet8_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p

DataSheet9_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p

DataSheet6_High-pressure reactions between the pnictogens: the rediscovery of BiN.PDF

We explore chemical reactions within pnictogens with an example of bismuth and nitrogen under extreme conditions. Understanding chemical reactions between Bi and N, elements representing the first and the last stable elements of the nitrogen group, and the physical properties of their compounds under ambient and high pressure is far from being complete. Here, we report the high-pressure high-temperature synthesis of orthorhombic Pbcn BiN (S.G. #60) from Bi and N2 precursors at pressures above 40 GPa. Using synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction on the polycrystalline sample, we solved and refined the compound’s structure and studied its behavior and compressibility on decompression to ambient pressure. We confirm the stability of Pbcn BiN to pressures as low as 12.5(4) GPa. Below that pressure value, a group–subgroup phase transformation occurs, resulting in the formation of a non-centrosymmetric BiN solid with a space group Pca21 (S.G. #29). We use ab initio calculations to characterize the polymorphs of BiN. They also provide support and explanation for our experimental observations, in particular those corresponding to peculiar Bi–N bond evolution under pressure, resulting in a change in the coordination numbers of Bi and N as a function of pressure within the explored stability field of Pbcn BiN.</p