Effect of friction deformation on the structure and properties of a metastable austenitic chromium-nickel steel

The effect of surface friction deformation on the phase composition, structure, and strength properties of a ribbon produced from a chromium-nickel steel with metastable austenite is studied. It is shown that friction processing intensifies the γ-α transformation, creating favorable conditions for the formation of a highly dispersed structure in a thin surface layer and, thus, increasing the microhardness, the elastic limit, the fatigue stability, and the Bauschinger effect. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Elastic systems with correlated disorder: Response to tilt and application to surface growth

We study elastic systems such as interfaces or lattices pinned by correlated quenched disorder considering two different types of correlations: generalized columnar disorder and quenched defects correlated as ~ x^{-a} for large separation x. Using functional renormalization group methods, we obtain the critical exponents to two-loop order and calculate the response to a transverse field h. The correlated disorder violates the statistical tilt symmetry resulting in nonlinear response to a tilt. Elastic systems with columnar disorder exhibit a transverse Meissner effect: disorder generates the critical field h_c below which there is no response to a tilt and above which the tilt angle behaves as \theta ~ (h-h_c)^{\phi} with a universal exponent \phi<1. This describes the destruction of a weak Bose glass in type-II superconductors with columnar disorder caused by tilt of the magnetic field. For isotropic long-range correlated disorder, the linear tilt modulus vanishes at small fields leading to a power-law response \theta ~ h^{\phi} with \phi>1. The obtained results are applied to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation with temporally correlated noise.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, revtex

Statics and dynamics of elastic manifolds in media with long-range correlated disorder

We study the statics and dynamics of an elastic manifold in a disordered medium with quenched defects correlated as r^{-a} for large separation r. We derive the functional renormalization-group equations to one-loop order, which allow us to describe the universal properties of the system in equilibrium and at the depinning transition. Using a double epsilon=4-d and delta=4-a expansion, we compute the fixed points characterizing different universality classes and analyze their regions of stability. The long-range disorder-correlator remains analytic but generates short-range disorder whose correlator exhibits the usual cusp. The critical exponents and universal amplitudes are computed to first order in epsilon and delta at the fixed points. At depinning, a velocity-versus-force exponent beta larger than unity can occur. We discuss possible realizations using extended defects.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures, revtex

Cooperation and perception specifics of working students by employers

У представленій статті зазначено, що сьогодні конкуренція за привабливі робочі місця між різними за віком, досвідом та освітою категоріями працівників активно підвищується. Гострота цієї конкуренції зростає і  за рахунок студентів вищих навчальних закладів. Далі автором описані результати власного дослідження особливостей  взаємодії і сприйняття працюючих студентів роботодавцями. Виявлено та проаналізовано основні тенденції ставлення роботодавців до працюючих студентів: зацікавленість у співпраці, основні причини, які спонукають роботодавців взаємодіяти зі студентами,  думки роботодавців щодо мотивів, які спонукають студентів працювати, особливості сприйняття роботодавцями  студентів як працівників, які види діяльності зазвичай пропонують виконувати роботодавці студентам, на які поступки щодо потреб студентів готові йти роботодавці. В дослідженні описуються питання формальних взаємовідносин роботодавців зі студентами. Відповіді респондентів також дозволили проаналізувати особливості сприйняття роботодавцями працюючих студентів і  скласти ієрархію позитивних та негативних якостей працюючих студентів з точки зору роботодавців. У висновках статті підсумовуються особливості сприйняття і взаємодії роботодавців зі студентами та  йдеться про те, чи вдається  студентам реалізовувати себе у додатковій трудовій діяльності та формувати необхідні їм професійні вміння і навички.  У представленій статті зазначено, що сьогодні конкуренція за привабливі робочі місця між різними за віком, досвідом та освітою категоріями працівників активно підвищується. Гострота цієї конкуренції зростає і  за рахунок студентів вищих навчальних закладів. Далі автором описані результати власного дослідження особливостей  взаємодії і сприйняття працюючих студентів роботодавцями. Виявлено та проаналізовано основні тенденції ставлення роботодавців до працюючих студентів: зацікавленість у співпраці, основні причини, які спонукають роботодавців взаємодіяти зі студентами,  думки роботодавців щодо мотивів, які спонукають студентів працювати, особливості сприйняття роботодавцями  студентів як працівників, які види діяльності зазвичай пропонують виконувати роботодавці студентам, на які поступки щодо потреб студентів готові йти роботодавці. В дослідженні описуються питання формальних взаємовідносин роботодавців зі студентами. Відповіді респондентів також дозволили проаналізувати особливості сприйняття роботодавцями працюючих студентів і  скласти ієрархію позитивних та негативних якостей працюючих студентів з точки зору роботодавців. У висновках статті підсумовуються особливості сприйняття і взаємодії роботодавців зі студентами та  йдеться про те, чи вдається  студентам реалізовувати себе у додатковій трудовій діяльності та формувати необхідні їм професійні вміння і навички.  The article describes that competition for attractive working position is actively growing up between categories of employees which are different in age, experience and educational level. The severity of this competition is also increasing for the account of students. Further the author describes results of personal research regarding cooperation and perception specifics of working students with the relation to employers. The main trends of employers attitude toward working students are defined and described: interest in cooperation, underlying factors that redound to cooperation between employers and students, employers suggestions toward reasons that lead students to work, particularities in perception of students as employees by employers, job usually offered students by employers, concessions on the needs of students employers are ready to fit. The research presents items of formal relationships between employers and students. Respondent’s answers also allow to analyze particularities in perception of working students by employers and draw up hierarchy of positive and negative qualities of working students according to the viewpoint of employers. The conclusions of the article summarize particularities in perception and relationships between students and employers and indicate whether students are able to realize themselves in additional employment and to form necessary professional skills and abilities. Today, competition for attractive workplaces between different age, experience and education categories by workers is increasing. The acuteness of this competition is growing at the expense of students of higher educational institutions, which appear on various labor markets. In a situation where the diploma of higher education is no longer a guarantee of employment and successful professional self-fulfillment, full-time students actively probing labor markets, working in non-formal and part-time, and at school time, in order not only to improve their financial position, but also to find a place work that you can take after obtaining a diploma in education. The labor market receives very clear signals that determine the behavior of current and potential employees. These signals give impetus to the development of education. Higher education is currently perceived as an imperative requirement of the employer as necessary, but insufficient conditions for obtaining a job in an effective segment of the labor market. At the same time, the complexities and dynamics inherent in the labor sphere are not sufficiently felt and perceived by young professionals, generating inaccurate ideas and inadequate expectations for a future career. On the other hand, in many cases, the employer does not receive the worker that he needs. In order to adapt more effectively to the requirements of the labor market, students are included in secondary employment and try to gain work experience for a successful successful career. In this way, students face a number of problems: the complexity of employment in the profession, the lack of information on the expectations of modern employers, the stereotyped perception of working students as unskilled workers, making it difficult for students to form their skills and skills

Analysis of the time reserve influence on the technological cell productivity

Time redundancy, widely used in technical systems, is one of the methods to improve the reliability and efficiency of technical systems. In this paper, the effect of instantly replenishing the time reserve on the productivity of a technical system is considered. Formulas of productivity of a technological cell in cases of random, constant and exponential time reserve are received, numerical results are given

Legal standards of free utilization of intellectual property in the sphere of digital economy

The aim of the article is the development of legal standards of free utilization of intellectual property, which will become the basis for the new complex legislative regulation of relationships, that has been arisen due to the development of digital economy. Conceptual basis for the new institutional environment can be represented by the theory of free culture, practical implementation of which provides the transition from agreement-based monopolistic rhetoric towards free utilization of the results of intellectual activity in the cyber environment. We conclude the need to define the legal regime for intellectual property, dependent on its intended use into commercial and non-commercial. We propose to free the sphere of non-commercial from as many legislative barriers as possible. We also propose to widen the use of simplified registration procedures with the participation of commercial organizations, as well as intellectual property (IP) data bases. The preservation of copyright in this sphere is sensible. The principles of equity, fairness should be fundamental institutions for the free utilization of IP. Authors propose the most open and vast rules of communication within the digital environment, which have evolved naturally. Separate standards exists in the form of concepts requiring practical implementation, others have been legally enforced, such as the priority of market mechanisms over government regulation of Internet, principle of balance of right-holders and users. Absence of unified standards of synchronization of digital hardware and high cost of automated systems of control with exclusive rights within the Internet network (e.g. Swiss DRM) oppose the development of digital economy. The results of the study can be used in further development of the stated problems.peer-reviewe

Induced Scattering and Two-Photon Absorption of Alfven Waves with Arbitrary Propagation Angles

The equation for temporary evolution of spectral energy of collisionless Alfven waves is derived in framework of weak turbulence theory. The main nonlinear processes for such conditions are induced scattering and two quantum absorption of Alfven waves by thermal ions. The equation for velocity distribution of thermal particles is derived that describes diffusion in momentum space due to this nonlinear processes. Comparison is done with the results of another authors. Results obtained are qualitatively differ from the ones obtained for the case of Alfven waves propagation along mean magnetic field.Comment: 8 page

Nash equilibrium design in the interaction model of entities in the customs service system

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the importance of the use of economic-mathematical tools in the course of modeling the interaction of the entities in the customs service system that is necessary for the development of foreign economic activity (FEA) of any state. The purpose of the article is to identify effective strategies for the interaction between the participants of foreign trade activities with customs brokers. The leading method to the study of this issue is economic-mathematical modeling, allowing studying the process of making decisions while choosing the strategy of cooperation between the customs broker and his client. Results: the article suggests the mathematical model to optimize the management mechanisms of interaction between enterprises, engaged in foreign trade, and customs dealers. The data of this article may be useful in modeling interaction of the entities in the customs service system using the methods of game theory. The model of “customer - customs broker” is implemented as a bimatrix game. Assuming the noncooperativegame the authors solve the problem of finding Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. © 2016 Fedorenko et al

Comparative legal analysis of mediation in Russia and the EU

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of mediation procedures, review them as extrajudicial method of conflict resolution. As the methodological basis of the research we use the synergistic, phenomenological and dialectical analysis techniques to examine the main aspects of the mediation as well as identify its principal features. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that in Russia it is necessary to take into account the international experience of mediation, legislation to support the mediation process and in some cases give it forceful character, to develop cooperation with the courts and notaries with the mediators.peer-reviewe

ОЦЕНКА КРИЗИСНЫХ СИТУАЦИЙ КАК ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЭМИТЕНТОВ

It examines the need to assess the crisis phenomena in the company in the role of the issuer. Аn important role is played by such characteristics of the enterprise, as the scale of the potential and scope of operation, activities in the securities market . It is important to determine the start time of the crisis and prevent its impact on the company , in order to ensure economic security. According to the author, the development of interest in the analysis of the company to assess and prevent the crisis, which can be used in the work of financial consultants, underwriters, and other interested professionals.Рассматривается необходимость оценки кризисных проявлений в деятельности компании, выступающей в роли эмитента. Немаловажную роль играют такие характеристики предприятия, как масштаб, потенциал и сфера функционирования, деятельность на рынке ценных бумаг. Очень важно вовремя определить начало кризиса и предотвратить его влияние на деятельность компании в целях обеспечения экономической безопасности. По мнению автора, представляют интерес разработки в области анализа деятельности компании на предмет оценки и предотвращения кризисных явлений, которые могут быть использованы в работе финансовых консультантов, андеррайтеров и других заинтересованных специалистов