1,939 research outputs found

    The impact of the Polar Code on risk mitigation in Arctic waters : a “toolbox” for underwriters?

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    The existing risk weighing on vessel, crew and ecosystem in the Arctic and more globally in Polar waters promoted the adoption of the Polar Code (PC) early 2017, a mandatory international legal framework intended for enhanced safety and environmental protection. While the substance of the PC has been extensively analyzed, few studies have focused on the underlying relationships between the PC and underwriters. Based on an extensive literature review, documentary materials and interviews with insurance companies, this article conceptualizes the PC as a toolbox and analyzes how underwriters can exploit it in their work within the emerging Arctic market. The PC does not only regulate the navigation in Arctic waters in legal terms, but is also aimed at mitigating risks in the Polar areas through the identification of hazard sources and proceduralization of risk assessment. As a result we observe a certain Polar Code paradox. Even though the PC is a risk-based instrument and constitutes a key step for improving ship insurability, it has only limited capacity to assist underwriters in assessing risks and insuring vessels. Marine insurers still face a lack of data and high pending uncertainties leading them to exercise extreme caution with Arctic risks appraisal.Peer reviewe

    Fernand Turlot, Le personnalisme critique de Charles Renouvier. Une philosophie française. Préface de Gilbert Vincent, Strasbourg, Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 2003.

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    Cet ouvrage posthume se prĂ©sente sous la forme d’une sĂ©rie d’études Ă©clairant par leur variĂ©tĂ© les multiples aspects de la pensĂ©e de Renouvier. La plupart de ces Ă©tudes se focalisent sur un ou plusieurs textes, dont elles dĂ©livrent un rĂ©sumĂ© et un commentaire. Bien que cela ne soit pas dit, on peut supposer avec vraisemblance que ces analyses de texte avaient Ă©tĂ© consi­gnĂ©es en prĂ©paration d’un ouvrage plus systĂ©matique sur Renouvier qui aurait fait pendant Ă  l’ouvrage magistral de Fernand Tu..

    Lettre inĂ©dite d’Heinrich Molenaar au PrĂ©sident des positivistes

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    Cette lettre de 1957 conservĂ©e dans le fonds d’archives de la Maison d’Auguste Comte fut envoyĂ©e par Heinrich Molenaar (1870-1965) au « PrĂ©sident » des positivistes sans autre prĂ©cision, preuve, semble-t-il, que Molenaar ne connaissait pas la situation du centre parisien Ă  cette date, ayant perdu depuis longtemps le contact avec les disciples français. Depuis 1930, le centre parisien Ă©tait dirigĂ© par l’universitaire brĂ©silien Paulo Carneiro (1901-1982). DĂ©lĂ©guĂ© auprĂšs de l’UNESCO depuis 1946,..

    Schelling en France au xixe siÚcle

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    La philosophie de Schelling pĂ©nĂštre en France, assez timidement, par le canal des penseurs spiritualistes (Cousin, Ravaisson), mais aussi par le biais d’érudits (Matter, Willm
). Sa philosophie romantique et son volontarisme mĂ©taphysique entrent en rĂ©sonance avec des prĂ©occupations d’époque ; son nĂ©o-christianisme semble pouvoir remplir l’espace laissĂ© vacant par le retrait des croyances religieuses. La situation s’inverse avec le « retour Ă  Kant » et le triomphe du rationalisme rĂ©publicain. La philosophie de l’identitĂ© est alors interprĂ©tĂ©e comme un monisme qu’il faut tenir Ă  distance. Cette dĂ©saffection explique la raretĂ© des traductions. On trouvera Ă  la fin de l’article l’inventaire des textes (de Schelling et sur Schelling) publiĂ©s en français avant 1900.The philosophy of Schelling reaches France timidly through spiritualist thinkers (Cousin, Ravaisson), but also through scholars (Matter, Willm
). His romantic philosophy and his metaphysical voluntarism go along with the interest of the time; his neo–Christianity fills the gap left vacant by the retreat of religious beliefs. The situation is however overturned with the “return of Kant” and the triumph of republican rationalism. The philosophy of identity is then interpreted as a monism that must be kept at a distance. This abandonment explains the dearth of translations. At the end of the article there is an inventory of texts (of Schelling and on Schelling) published in French before 1900

    De Paris Ă  Vienne. Quelques jalons

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    « Dans le domaine de la science, tout se passe avec la mĂȘme force, la mĂȘme souverainetĂ©, la mĂȘme magnificence que dans les contes. Et Ulrich sentait que les hommes ignoraient cela, qu’ils n’avaient mĂȘme aucune idĂ©e de la façon dont on peut penser ; si on leur apprenait Ă  penser autrement, ils vivraient aussi autrement ». Robert Musil L’image d’une pensĂ©e sĂšche et dĂ©shumanisante, bornĂ©e Ă  une conception dogmatique de l’avenir des sciences et des techniques, occulte la forme originale que le ..

    Auguste Comte and Technique

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    El «positivismo» de Comte no es, como algunas veces se ha escuchado decir, una celebraciĂłn de los poderes tecnolĂłgicos confirmados por la RevoluciĂłn Industrial de su tiempo. Partiendo de la constataciĂłn de que la obra monumental de Comte no es sino una exposiciĂłn de su pensamiento tĂ©cnico, este artĂ­culo intenta reconstituirlo siguiendo tres ejes: el posicionamiento del concepto de tĂ©cnica en las categorĂ­as de la «prĂĄctica»; la regulaciĂłn de las producciones tĂ©cnicas desde un punto de vista externo, filosĂłfico y Ă©tico, y el proyecto de una historia «sociolĂłgica» de las tĂ©cnicas, integrado a la historia universal.Comte’s “positivism” is not, (as is sometimes referred), an agreement of technological powers confirmed by the industrial revolution of his time. Based on the observation that Comte’s monumental work is but an exhibition of technical thinking, this article attempts to reconstitute three fields: positioning concept technique in the categories of “practice”, technique production regulation from an external, philosophical and ethical point of view and a “sociological” history on techniques integrated to world history

    La reprĂ©sentation de l’élĂ©ment germanique dans la philosophie d’Auguste Comte

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    La considĂ©ration de « l’élĂ©ment germanique » chez Comte participe d’un projet de rĂ©organisation europĂ©enne. Madame de StaĂ«l avait lĂ©guĂ© l’image d’une Allemagne rĂȘveuse et mĂ©taphysicienne. Comte dĂ©veloppe une autre reprĂ©sentation : celle d’un pays marquĂ© par l’esprit protestant (nĂ©gatif et critique) et la philosophie de la nature (un panthĂ©isme philosophique). Ces caractĂ©ristiques incitent Comte Ă  dĂ©grader le rang de l’Allemagne dans le classement des cinq nations europĂ©ennes susceptibles de participer Ă  la construction d’une rĂ©publique occidentale positiviste. Toutefois, Comte a hĂ©sitĂ© avant de dĂ©classer l’Allemagne, car celle-ci possĂšde aussi un formidable atout : le sens des gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ©s et de la systĂ©matisation, indispensable Ă  la philosophie positive. C’est la « situation » de l’Allemagne qui est jugĂ©e, et non la nation allemande. Ainsi est-ce Ă  travers l’histoire, et la loi qui en rĂšgle le cours, qu’il convient d’étudier cette question

    Arctic Navigation: Stakes, Benefits and Limits of the Polaris System

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    Ensuring safe navigation is paramount for the economic development of the Arctic. Aware of this strategic issue, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), supported by the Arctic coastal states, adopted the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) with a set of navigation tools including the well-known Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk Indexing System (POLARIS). Designed for assessing operational capabilities for ships operating in ice, POLARIS is useful for various stakeholders such as the International Association of Classification Society (IACS) organizations and underwriters. Other important beneficiaries are shipowners and their crew. Even though POLARIS deals with topical issues, so far, this system has not been subjected to extensive studies of its capabilities and limitations. The aim of this analysis in hand is to assess the stakes, benefits and limits of POLARIS for Arctic navigation with a managerial approach and through the lens of risk assessment. Results show that POLARIS integrates various parameters to assess risk of navigation in ice, and that POLARIS can provide relevant managerial solutions to shipowners. Nevertheless, certain limitations remain; in particular, human factors such as the lack of crew experience or the issue of non-compliance are not taken into consideration. Finally, it is important to highlight the fact that POLARIS is not a mandatory requiremen

    Le pacifisme. Lettre ouverte Ă  Heinrich Molenaar (Ajam)

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    Maurice Ajam (1861-1944) est un des seuls positivistes ayant accompli une action politique importante, en tant que dĂ©putĂ© puis secrĂ©taire d’État, avant et pendant la guerre 1914-1918. Avocat, il s’établit dans la Sarthe, son dĂ©partement natal, et devient une figure de la vie locale Ă  partir de 1890. Il Ă©tend ses activitĂ©s au journalisme et devient correspondant pour La DĂ©pĂȘche de Tours Ă  partir de 1892. Il Ă©crit Ă©galement pour le journal La Sarthe. Comme beaucoup de radicaux de l’aile la plus..

    COVID-19 as a catalyst of a new container port hierarchy in Mediterranean Sea and Northern Range

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    COVID-19 has dramatically impacted the organization of value chains and the pattern of international trade. The manufacturing sector has had to act resiliently, and the maritime sector was no exception. Container shipping lines have adapted their routes, services and feet deployment with direct effects on many port activities. Our analysis focuses exclusively on container vessels by considering number of calls and calculating total containership capacity deployed within 45 Western Mediterranean and Northern European ports throughout 2018, 2019 and 2020. 2018 is considered as a ‘business as usual’ year, without exceptional events. 2019 is the start of the outbreak and 2020 is the year most impacted by the economic consequences of the pandemic. As we cover at least one port in each country, we considered ports that handled more than one million TEUs per year and if the country did not have such a port, we considered the largest one. The aim of our analysis is dual. First, we attempt to point out the importance of certain ports as major hubs and the downgrading of others to regional hubs, gateways or feeder ports in the Western Mediterranean and Northern Europe. Second, our objective was to assess the way shipping alliances have impacted the ranking of these ports during COVID-19. As a result, this exceptional crisis has not been a catalyst of a new port hierarchy while it has revealed contrasting situations with ‘poor’ and ‘good’ crisis resilience for ports meaning that some were downgraded, and others maintained their ranking. Moreover, COVID-19 has exacerbated the maritime alliances’ shortcomings, their capacity to unilaterally impose their decisions through their Cooperative Working Agreements, regardless of the consequences both for transport users and ports. One of the key lessons of the COVID-19 crisis is that the time for change for maritime alliances has come
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