1,939 research outputs found
The impact of the Polar Code on risk mitigation in Arctic waters : a âtoolboxâ for underwriters?
The existing risk weighing on vessel, crew and ecosystem in the Arctic and more globally in Polar waters promoted the adoption of the Polar Code (PC) early 2017, a mandatory international legal framework intended for enhanced safety and environmental protection. While the substance of the PC has been extensively analyzed, few studies have focused on the underlying relationships between the PC and underwriters. Based on an extensive literature review, documentary materials and interviews with insurance companies, this article conceptualizes the PC as a toolbox and analyzes how underwriters can exploit it in their work within the emerging Arctic market. The PC does not only regulate the navigation in Arctic waters in legal terms, but is also aimed at mitigating risks in the Polar areas through the identification of hazard sources and proceduralization of risk assessment. As a result we observe a certain Polar Code paradox. Even though the PC is a risk-based instrument and constitutes a key step for improving ship insurability, it has only limited capacity to assist underwriters in assessing risks and insuring vessels. Marine insurers still face a lack of data and high pending uncertainties leading them to exercise extreme caution with Arctic risks appraisal.Peer reviewe
Fernand Turlot, Le personnalisme critique de Charles Renouvier. Une philosophie française. Préface de Gilbert Vincent, Strasbourg, Presses universitaires de Strasbourg, 2003.
Cet ouvrage posthume se prĂ©sente sous la forme dâune sĂ©rie dâĂ©tudes Ă©clairant par leur variĂ©tĂ© les multiples aspects de la pensĂ©e de Renouvier. La plupart de ces Ă©tudes se focalisent sur un ou plusieurs textes, dont elles dĂ©livrent un rĂ©sumĂ© et un commentaire. Bien que cela ne soit pas dit, on peut supposer avec vraisemblance que ces analyses de texte avaient Ă©tĂ© consiÂgnĂ©es en prĂ©paration dâun ouvrage plus systĂ©matique sur Renouvier qui aurait fait pendant Ă lâouvrage magistral de Fernand Tu..
Lettre inĂ©dite dâHeinrich Molenaar au PrĂ©sident des positivistes
Cette lettre de 1957 conservĂ©e dans le fonds dâarchives de la Maison dâAuguste Comte fut envoyĂ©e par Heinrich Molenaar (1870-1965) au « PrĂ©sident » des positivistes sans autre prĂ©cision, preuve, semble-t-il, que Molenaar ne connaissait pas la situation du centre parisien Ă cette date, ayant perdu depuis longtemps le contact avec les disciples français. Depuis 1930, le centre parisien Ă©tait dirigĂ© par lâuniversitaire brĂ©silien Paulo Carneiro (1901-1982). DĂ©lĂ©guĂ© auprĂšs de lâUNESCO depuis 1946,..
Schelling en France au xixe siÚcle
La philosophie de Schelling pĂ©nĂštre en France, assez timidement, par le canal des penseurs spiritualistes (Cousin, Ravaisson), mais aussi par le biais dâĂ©rudits (Matter, WillmâŠ). Sa philosophie romantique et son volontarisme mĂ©taphysique entrent en rĂ©sonance avec des prĂ©occupations dâĂ©poque ; son nĂ©o-christianisme semble pouvoir remplir lâespace laissĂ© vacant par le retrait des croyances religieuses. La situation sâinverse avec le « retour Ă Kant » et le triomphe du rationalisme rĂ©publicain. La philosophie de lâidentitĂ© est alors interprĂ©tĂ©e comme un monisme quâil faut tenir Ă distance. Cette dĂ©saffection explique la raretĂ© des traductions. On trouvera Ă la fin de lâarticle lâinventaire des textes (de Schelling et sur Schelling) publiĂ©s en français avant 1900.The philosophy of Schelling reaches France timidly through spiritualist thinkers (Cousin, Ravaisson), but also through scholars (Matter, WillmâŠ). His romantic philosophy and his metaphysical voluntarism go along with the interest of the time; his neoâChristianity fills the gap left vacant by the retreat of religious beliefs. The situation is however overturned with the âreturn of Kantâ and the triumph of republican rationalism. The philosophy of identity is then interpreted as a monism that must be kept at a distance. This abandonment explains the dearth of translations. At the end of the article there is an inventory of texts (of Schelling and on Schelling) published in French before 1900
De Paris Ă Vienne. Quelques jalons
«âDans le domaine de la science, tout se passe avec la mĂȘme force, la mĂȘme souverainetĂ©, la mĂȘme magnificence que dans les contes. Et Ulrich sentait que les hommes ignoraient cela, quâils nâavaient mĂȘme aucune idĂ©e de la façon dont on peut penserâ; si on leur apprenait Ă penser autrement, ils vivraient aussi autrementâ». Robert Musil Lâimage dâune pensĂ©e sĂšche et dĂ©shumanisante, bornĂ©e Ă une conception dogmatique de lâavenir des sciences et des techniques, occulte la forme originale que le ..
Auguste Comte and Technique
El «positivismo» de Comte no es, como algunas veces se ha escuchado decir, una celebraciĂłn de los poderes tecnolĂłgicos confirmados por la RevoluciĂłn Industrial de su tiempo. Partiendo de la constataciĂłn de que la obra monumental de Comte no es sino una exposiciĂłn de su pensamiento tĂ©cnico, este artĂculo intenta reconstituirlo siguiendo tres ejes: el posicionamiento del concepto de tĂ©cnica en las categorĂas de la «prĂĄctica»; la regulaciĂłn de las producciones tĂ©cnicas desde un punto de vista externo, filosĂłfico y Ă©tico, y el proyecto de una historia «sociolĂłgica» de las tĂ©cnicas, integrado a la historia universal.Comteâs âpositivismâ is not, (as is sometimes referred), an agreement of technological powers confirmed by the industrial revolution of his time. Based on the observation that Comteâs monumental work is but an exhibition of technical thinking, this article attempts to reconstitute three fields: positioning concept technique in the categories of âpracticeâ, technique production regulation from an external, philosophical and ethical point of view and a âsociologicalâ history on techniques integrated to world history
La reprĂ©sentation de lâĂ©lĂ©ment germanique dans la philosophie dâAuguste Comte
La considĂ©ration de « lâĂ©lĂ©ment germanique » chez Comte participe dâun projet de rĂ©organisation europĂ©enne. Madame de StaĂ«l avait lĂ©guĂ© lâimage dâune Allemagne rĂȘveuse et mĂ©taphysicienne. Comte dĂ©veloppe une autre reprĂ©sentation : celle dâun pays marquĂ© par lâesprit protestant (nĂ©gatif et critique) et la philosophie de la nature (un panthĂ©isme philosophique). Ces caractĂ©ristiques incitent Comte Ă dĂ©grader le rang de lâAllemagne dans le classement des cinq nations europĂ©ennes susceptibles de participer Ă la construction dâune rĂ©publique occidentale positiviste. Toutefois, Comte a hĂ©sitĂ© avant de dĂ©classer lâAllemagne, car celle-ci possĂšde aussi un formidable atout : le sens des gĂ©nĂ©ralitĂ©s et de la systĂ©matisation, indispensable Ă la philosophie positive. Câest la « situation » de lâAllemagne qui est jugĂ©e, et non la nation allemande. Ainsi est-ce Ă travers lâhistoire, et la loi qui en rĂšgle le cours, quâil convient dâĂ©tudier cette question
Arctic Navigation: Stakes, Benefits and Limits of the Polaris System
Ensuring safe navigation is paramount for the economic development of the Arctic. Aware of this
strategic issue, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), supported by the Arctic coastal
states, adopted the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code) with a
set of navigation tools including the well-known Polar Operational Limit Assessment Risk
Indexing System (POLARIS). Designed for assessing operational capabilities for ships operating
in ice, POLARIS is useful for various stakeholders such as the International Association of
Classification Society (IACS) organizations and underwriters. Other important beneficiaries are
shipowners and their crew.
Even though POLARIS deals with topical issues, so far, this system has not been subjected to
extensive studies of its capabilities and limitations. The aim of this analysis in hand is to assess
the stakes, benefits and limits of POLARIS for Arctic navigation with a managerial approach and
through the lens of risk assessment.
Results show that POLARIS integrates various parameters to assess risk of navigation in ice, and
that POLARIS can provide relevant managerial solutions to shipowners. Nevertheless, certain
limitations remain; in particular, human factors such as the lack of crew experience or the issue
of non-compliance are not taken into consideration. Finally, it is important to highlight the fact
that POLARIS is not a mandatory requiremen
Le pacifisme. Lettre ouverte Ă Heinrich Molenaar (Ajam)
Maurice Ajam (1861-1944) est un des seuls positivistes ayant accompli une action politique importante, en tant que dĂ©putĂ© puis secrĂ©taire dâĂtat, avant et pendant la guerre 1914-1918. Avocat, il sâĂ©tablit dans la Sarthe, son dĂ©partement natal, et devient une figure de la vie locale Ă partir de 1890. Il Ă©tend ses activitĂ©s au journalisme et devient correspondant pour La DĂ©pĂȘche de Tours Ă partir de 1892. Il Ă©crit Ă©galement pour le journal La Sarthe. Comme beaucoup de radicaux de lâaile la plus..
COVID-19 as a catalyst of a new container port hierarchy in Mediterranean Sea and Northern Range
COVID-19 has dramatically impacted the organization of value chains and the pattern of international trade. The manufacturing sector has had to act resiliently, and
the maritime sector was no exception. Container shipping lines have adapted their
routes, services and feet deployment with direct effects on many port activities. Our
analysis focuses exclusively on container vessels by considering number of calls and
calculating total containership capacity deployed within 45 Western Mediterranean
and Northern European ports throughout 2018, 2019 and 2020. 2018 is considered
as a âbusiness as usualâ year, without exceptional events. 2019 is the start of the
outbreak and 2020 is the year most impacted by the economic consequences of the
pandemic. As we cover at least one port in each country, we considered ports that
handled more than one million TEUs per year and if the country did not have such a
port, we considered the largest one. The aim of our analysis is dual. First, we attempt
to point out the importance of certain ports as major hubs and the downgrading of
others to regional hubs, gateways or feeder ports in the Western Mediterranean and
Northern Europe. Second, our objective was to assess the way shipping alliances
have impacted the ranking of these ports during COVID-19. As a result, this exceptional crisis has not been a catalyst of a new port hierarchy while it has revealed
contrasting situations with âpoorâ and âgoodâ crisis resilience for ports meaning that
some were downgraded, and others maintained their ranking. Moreover, COVID-19
has exacerbated the maritime alliancesâ shortcomings, their capacity to unilaterally
impose their decisions through their Cooperative Working Agreements, regardless
of the consequences both for transport users and ports. One of the key lessons of the
COVID-19 crisis is that the time for change for maritime alliances has come
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