URS MONARCA – a new hexaploid oat cultivar with excellent grain yield and wide adaptation

The Oat Breeding Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) release in 2019 a new cultivar URS MONARCA developed from the single cross UFRGS 06 6083-3 / UFRGS 00 6183-2. URS MONARCA presents high grain yield, high grain quality, wide adaptation, short plant height and excellent milling yield

Estimativa do progresso genético em soja no sul do Brasil a partir de resultados de experimentos de rendimento

The success of a genetic breeding program in a certain period can be assessed by the genetic gain observed. Genetic progress can be estimated from the multi environmental trials (MET) data which are routinely carried out by annual species breeding programs for the assessment of new commercial cultivars. A data set of 20 years of MET of advanced soybean lines derived from four breeding programs was used to estimate and to compare the genetic gains obtained for three soybean maturity groups (early, medium and late) in four cropping regions of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. The estimated yield gains ranged from 0.0 to 71.5 kg ha-1 year-1 (3.49% per year), depending on the maturity group and region, which suggests that the genetic breeding effort does not have a similar effect among the maturity groups or benefit the regions equally. There was no evidence of genetic progress for the early maturity group in any of the four regions, whereas gains in Regions I and IV were comparatively greater than those in Regions II and III. The objectives of the soybean breeding program in the region should be redirected. Since not all the experimental lines used to estimate genetic gains were commercially released, the reported genetics gains were achieved by the breeding programs rather than those achieved by the cropping systems.O sucesso de um programa de melhoramento durante um determinado período pode ser avaliado pelo ganho genético alcançado. Progresso genético pode ser estimado a partir de dados resultantes dos ensaios de avaliação de genótipos realizados rotineiramente em vários locais pelos programas de melhoramento de espécies anuais para fins de lançamento de novas cultivares comerciais. Os resultados de rendimento de grãos de 20 anos de experimentos de avaliação de linhagens derivadas de quatro programas de melhoramento de soja foram usados para estimar e comparar os ganhos genéticos obtidos em três grupos de maturação (precoce, médio e tardio) e em quatro regiões de cultivo do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Os ganhos estimados variaram de zero a 71,5 kg ha-1 ano-1 (3,49% ao ano), dependendo do grupo de maturação e da região. Não foi detectado avanço genético para o grupo precoce em nenhuma das quatro regiões. Os ganhos obtidos nas regiões I e IV foram maiores que os das regiões II e III. Os esforços dos programas de melhoramento genético não refletiram de forma equivalente entre os grupos de maturação e não beneficiaram igualmente as regiões produtoras, indicando que os objetivos do melhoramento de soja no Estado devem ser reavaliados. Os ganhos estimados neste trabalho podem ser diferentes dos vivenciados pelos produtores rurais, uma vez que nem todas as linhagens experimentais que geraram os dados do presente estudo foram lançadas comercialmente

TOWARDS A NATIONAL INNOVATION FRAMEWORK FOR AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AGENCIES IN EMERGING ECONOMIES

N° ISBN - 978-2-7380-1284-5International audienceThe national science agencies have had a great role in the context of emerging economies catching-up. This paper addresses the search to a better understanding of strategies for emerging economies whose agricultural sector is a key economic area. The paper presents the context of the emerging economies, noting briefly some of the factors about their agricultural R&D; introduces the concept of a national innovation framework and outlines some insights from the NAIS (national agricultural innovation system). Additionally, the paper will offer a framework for these countries to select and adapt data sets, tools and methodologies needed to assist policy decision makers as they want to invest in national agricultural R&D. This theoretical essay's key contribution is conceptual and methodological: the development of a framework towards a more evidence-based understanding of what happens to given R&D investments. The applied framework is used in the analysis of the innovativeness and success of past investments that have succeeded, which can help policymakers to develop sound and cost-effective investment strategies, and also mapping the loci were they should apply metrics and evaluations to guide their agricultural science policy decisions. This could be useful as an analytical tool and as a tool for promoting sustainable economic growth and well-being in the emerging economies

URS Altiva – a new oat cultivar with high agronomic performance

The oat cultivar URS Altiva, developed from the simple cross ‘UFRGS 995090-2 x URS 21’, and released by the Oat Breeding Program of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) in 2015, presents high grain yield, high grain quality, desirable agronomic performance, and partial resistance to crown rust

Regeneração de plantas de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) de linhas isogênicas ao genótipo maringá com genes de porte baixo

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Grain yield stability of wheat genotypes under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions

Analyses of genotype by environment interactions were carried out for wheat genotypes grown under irrigated and non-irrigated field conditions, in two sowing dates during three years. The linear regression method was used to analyze the stability of grain yield. Genotype by environment interactions was observed for grain yield in all groups of environments. Nesser was the most productive and stable genotype in all groups of environments, followed by IAPAR 17-Caeté. In the late sowing, better yield performances were observed for the cultivars OCEPAR 7-Batuíra, IAPAR 17-Caeté and Nesser, under irrigated condition, and Nesser and IAPAR 28-Igapó, under non-irrigated condition. The results indicated that Nesser gave high grain yield with superior adaptability and stability, and could thus be considered as the most suitable genotype for late sowing and water stress condition at the end of plant cycle

Herança da exerção da panícula em arroz

Incomplete panicle exsertion is one of the symptoms of cold injury at the reproductive stage of the rice plant (Oryza sativa L.), which damages grain yield and raises disease incidence. For this reason, panicle exsertion is a better indicator of cold tolerance under field conditions than spikelet sterility, which may also be affected by other climatic factors. This work studies the variability of degree of panicle exsertion in rice, under the Southern Brazilian environmental conditions and determines the inheritance and heritability of this trait. Four rice genotypes of different cool temperature reactions at the reproductive stage were crossed and field evaluated, with the F2 generation, in relation to the degree of panicle exsertion and spikelet fertility. There was variability among the genotypes for panicle exsertion. The F2 generation of the crosses presented continuous distribution and transgressive segregation towards incomplete exsertion, indicating that genes controlling this trait may be complementary distributed between the parents. Heritability was moderate, so selection for complete panicle exsertion should be applied in advanced generations.A exerção incompleta da panícula é um dos sintomas de dano por frio no estádio reprodutivo da planta de arroz (Oryza sativa L.), o qual prejudica o rendimento de grãos e aumenta a incidência de doenças. Devido a isso, a exerção da panícula é um bom indicador da tolerância ao frio sob condições de campo ao invés da esterilidade de espiguetas, que também pode ser afetada por outros fatores climáticos. Este trabalho objetivou estudar a variabilidade do grau de exerção da panícula de arroz sob as condições ambientais do sul do Brasil e determinar a herança e herdabilidade desta característica. Quatro genótipos de arroz com diferentes reações à temperatura baixa no período reprodutivo foram cruzados e avaliados a campo, juntamente com a geração F2, quanto ao grau de exerção da panícula e fertilidade de espiguetas. Houve variabilidade entre os genótipos para exerção da panícula. A geração F2 apresentou distribuição contínua e segregação transgressiva na direção da exerção incompleta, indicando que os genes para exerção da panícula devem estar distribuídos complementarmente entre os genitores. A herdabilidade foi moderada, portanto seleção para exerção completa da panícula é recomendada em gerações avançadas

Tolerância ao frio do arroz no estádio reprodutivo sob condições controladas

Cold tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) during the reproductive stage is important to guarantee high yield under low temperature environments. Field selection, however, does not allow identification of adequate tolerance sources and limits selection of segregating lines due to variable temperature. The objective of this study was to devise methods for distinguishing rice genotypes as to their cold tolerance at the reproductive stage when evaluated under controlled temperature. The effect of cold temperatures was investigated in six rice genotypes at 17°C for varying length of time (three, five, seven and ten days) at two reproductive stages (microsporogenesis and anthesis). Cold tolerance was measured as the percentage of reduction in panicle exsertion and in spikelet fertility. Evaluating cold tolerance through the reduction in panicle exsertion did not allow for the distinction between cold tolerant from cold sensitive genotypes and, when the reduction in spikelet fertility was considered, a minimum of seven days was required to differentiate the genotypes for cold tolerance. Genotypes were more sensitive to cold at anthesis than at microsporogenesis and, as these stages were highly correlated, cold screening could be performed at anthesis only, since it is easier to determine. Rice cold tolerance at the reproductive stage may be characterized by the reduction in spikelet fertility due to cold temperature (17°C) applied for seven days at anthesis.A tolerância do arroz (Oryza sativa L.) ao frio no período reprodutivo é importante para garantir alto rendimento em ambientes com temperatura baixa. No entanto, a seleção em condições de campo não permite identificar fontes adequadas de tolerância e limita a seleção de linhas segregantes devido à temperatura variável. Este trabalho teve por objetivo definir uma metodologia capaz de distinguir genótipos de arroz quanto à sua tolerância ao frio no período reprodutivo quando avaliados sob temperatura controlada. O efeito do frio foi investigado em seis genótipos de arroz submetidos a 17°C por períodos variáveis de tempo (três, cinco, sete e dez dias) em dois estádios do período reprodutivo (microsporogênese e antese). A tolerância ao frio foi avaliada por meio da porcentagem de redução na exerção da panícula e na fertilidade de espiguetas. O resultados indicaram que avaliar a tolerância ao frio por meio da redução na exerção da panícula não permitiu separar genótipos tolerantes ao frio de genótipos sensíveis e, quando avaliada por meio da redução na fertilidade de espiguetas, no mínimo sete dias foram necessários para diferenciar os genótipos quanto à tolerância ao frio. Eles foram mais sensíveis ao frio na antese que na microsporogênese e, como estes estádios foram altamente correlacionados, a seleção sob frio poderia ser feita somente neste estádio, que é de mais fácil determinação. Logo, a tolerância do arroz ao frio no período reprodutivo pode ser avaliada por meio da redução na fertilidade de espiguetas devido à temperatura baixa (17°C) aplicada por sete dias no estádio de antese

Wheat plant stature components

A estatura da planta do trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) e seus componentes foram medidos em populações não segregantes (P1, P2 e F1) e segregantes (F2, RC1F1 e RC2F1), derivadas de cruzamentos entre diferentes genótipos de trigo em experimentos conduzidos a campo na Estação Experimental Agronômica da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Guaíba, RS, em 1979. Amostragens de entrenós de ambos os genitores, semi-anões e altos, revelaram que: 1. O comprimento médio dos entrenós foi crescente da base ao ápice da planta; 2. Uma expressiva porção da variabilidade fenotípica do caráter "número de entrenós" era de natureza ambiental; 3. O pedúnculo contribuiu com, aproximadamente, 40% da estatura total dos genótipos.Wheat plant stature and its components were measured in non-segregated (P1, P2 and F1) and segregated (F2, RC1F1 and RC2F1) populations derived from crosses among different genotypes of wheat in field experiments carried out at the Agronomic Experimental Station/UFRGS, Guaíba, RS, in 1979. Internode patterns of both semi-dwarf and tall parents showed that: 1. Average internode lengths were progressively longer from the culm base to the spike; 2. A high portion of the phenotypic variation of the internode number was environmental in origin, and 3. The peduncle contributed with approximately 40% of the total stature of the genotypes

Genetics and identification of markers linked to multiflorous spikelet in hexaploid oat

The formation of naked grains is directly associated with the formation of multiflorous spikelets in oats. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetics of multiflorous spikelet and to identify molecular markers linked to this character in hexaploid oat. Genetic analysis for multiflorous spikelet was performed in the F5 and F6 generations of two oat populations. DNA extracted from F5:6 plants were assayed with 6,000 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers using a genotyping platform developed for oat. Genetic analysis indicated the presence of a major gene controlling multiflorous spikelet in the UFRGS 01B7114- 1-3 x UFRGS 006013-1 population. The SNP marker GMI_ES17_c5923_221 showed strong association with the multiflorous spikelet phenotype. These results suggest that the marker GMI_ES17_c5923_221 should be linked to a gene controlling multiflorous spikelet in the oat lines evaluated in this study