6,027 research outputs found
Formal Analysis of Vulnerabilities of Web Applications Based on SQL Injection (Extended Version)
We present a formal approach that exploits attacks related to SQL Injection
(SQLi) searching for security flaws in a web application. We give a formal
representation of web applications and databases, and show that our
formalization effectively exploits SQLi attacks. We implemented our approach in
a prototype tool called SQLfast and we show its efficiency on real-world case
studies, including the discovery of an attack on Joomla! that no other tool can
find
Nanoparticle-based receptors mimic protein-ligand recognition
The self-assembly of a monolayer of ligands on the surface of noble metal nanoparticles dictates the fundamental nanoparticle\u2019s behavior and its functionality. In this combined computational\u2013experimental study, we analyze the structure, organization, and dynamics of functionalized coating thiols in monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). We explain how functionalized coating thiols self-organize through a delicate and somehow counterintuitive balance of interactions within the monolayer itself and with the solvent. We further describe how the nature and plasticity of these interactions modulate nanoparticle-based chemosensing. Importantly, we found that self-organization of coating thiols can induce the formation of binding pockets in AuNPs. These transient cavities can accommodate small molecules, mimicking protein-ligand recognition, which may explain the selectivity and sensitivity observed for different organic analytes in NMR chemosensing experiments. Thus, our findings advocate for the rational design of tailored coating groups to form specific recognition binding sites on monolayer-protected AuNPs
Impact of surface charge depletion on the free electron nonlinear response of heavily doped semiconductors
We propose surface modulation of the equilibrium charge density as a
technique to control and enhance, via an external static potential, the free
electron nonlinear response of heavily doped semiconductors. Within a
hydrodynamic perturbative approach, we predict a two order of magnitude boost
of free electron third-harmonic generation
Designing for informal co-production in mental healthcare: an innovative psychiatry program and the strategies from a territorial lab
This paper reflects on the process of co-production in mental health with informal actors, patients, and health and social providers. In particular, this research examines the potential of territorial laboratories as places of experimentation for co-producing services for recovery. The Case study examined is the Brescia Recovery Co-Lab in Italy, developed with the aim to facilitate territorial experimentation of co-produced mental health and wellbeing services and initiatives with users, family members, local actors and service providers at the community level. Through a thematic analysis of the interviews, five main factors emerged that influence the co-production of mental health with informal resources: Time, Value, Participation, Co-design and Scale. The core of these factors concerns the experimentation with practices outside the traditional organisational logics typical of territorial laboratories, structures that favour dynamic co-production in mental health
Designing for Co-Production in a Territorial Lab for Mental Health
This article delves into the co-production of mental health services involving informal actors, patients, and healthcare providers, focusing on the potential of territorial laboratories as experimental spaces for co-producing recovery-oriented services. It examines the CoLab Torre Cimabue in Brescia (Italy), where mental health and well-being services are co- produced at the community level, engaging users, family members, local actors, and service providers. Thematic analysis of CoLab Torre Cimabue interviews revealed seven key dimensions, highlighting the role of territorial labs in supporting mental healthcare co- production with informal resources. These dimensions include informal settings and resources, real-life and recovery-oriented experimentations, tangible and welcoming spaces, horizontal and equitable relationships, exchange of information and service continuity, omnichannel communication and promotion, and urban regeneration and participation. While the co-design process fostered collaborative approaches, pivotal factors—Time, Value, Participation, Co-design, Scale, Space, and Attitude—emerged as critical for mental healthcare co-production. They suggest a gap between service design and delivery phases, indicating the need for transformative impact generation. The research underscores the importance of actively engaging informal resources in mental healthcare co-production, from service design to delivery phases
On the coherent rotation of diffuse matter in numerical simulations of galaxy clusters
We present a study on the coherent rotation of the intracluster medium and
dark matter components of simulated galaxy clusters extracted from a
volume-limited sample of the MUSIC project. The set is re-simulated with three
different recipes for the gas physics: non-radiative, radiative
without AGN feedback, and radiative with AGN feedback. Our analysis is
based on the 146 most massive clusters identified as relaxed, 57 per cent of
the total sample. We classify these objects as rotating and non-rotating
according to the gas spin parameter, a quantity that can be related to cluster
observations. We find that 4 per cent of the relaxed sample is rotating
according to our criterion. By looking at the radial profiles of their specific
angular momentum vector, we find that the solid body model is not a suitable
description of rotational motions. The radial profiles of the velocity of the
dark matter show a prevalence of the random velocity dispersion. Instead, the
intracluster medium profiles are characterized by a comparable contribution
from the tangential velocity and the dispersion. In general, the dark matter
component dominates the dynamics of the clusters, as suggested by the
correlation between its angular momentum and the gas one, and by the lack of
relevant differences among the three sets of simulations.Comment: 12 pages, updated to match the MNRAS versio
Free electron nonlinearities in heavily doped semiconductors plasmonics
Heavily doped semiconductors have emerged as tunable low-loss plasmonic
materials at mid-infrared frequencies. In this article we investigate nonlinear
optical phenomena associated with high concentration of free electrons. We use
a hydrodynamic description to study free electron dynamics in heavily doped
semiconductors up to third-order terms, which are usually negligible for noble
metals. We find that cascaded third-harmonic generation due to second-harmonic
signals can be as strong as direct third-harmonic generation contributions even
when the second-harmonic generation efficiency is zero. Moreover, we show that
when coupled with plasmonic enhancement free electron nonlinearities could be
up to two orders of magnitude larger than conventional semiconductor
nonlinearities. Our study might open a new route for nonlinear optical
integrated devices at mid-infrared frequencies
Vector boson fusion at multi-TeV muon colliders
High-energy lepton colliders with a centre-of-mass energy in the multi-TeV
range are currently considered among the most challenging and far-reaching
future accelerator projects. Studies performed so far have mostly focused on
the reach for new phenomena in lepton-antilepton annihilation channels. In this
work we observe that starting from collider energies of a few TeV, electroweak
(EW) vector boson fusion/scattering (VBF) at lepton colliders becomes the
dominant production mode for all Standard Model processes relevant to studying
the EW sector. In many cases we find that this also holds for new physics. We
quantify the size and the growth of VBF cross sections with collider energy for
a number of SM and new physics processes. By considering luminosity scenarios
achievable at a muon collider, we conclude that such a machine would
effectively be a "high-luminosity weak boson collider," and subsequently offer
a wide range of opportunities to precisely measure EW and Higgs coupling as
well as to discover new particles.Comment: 58 pages, 17 figures, 9 tables. A contribution to Snowmass 202
Action Functional for a Particle with Damping
In this brief report we discuss the action functional of a particle with damping, showing that it can be obtained from the dissipative equation of motion through a modification which makes the new dissipative equation invariant for time reversal symmetry. This action functional is exactly the effective action of Caldeira-Leggett model but, in our approach, it is derived without the assumption that the particle is weakly coupled to a bath of infinite harmonic oscillators
Clustering of vertically constrained passive particles in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence
We analyze the dynamics of small particles vertically confined, by means of a
linear restoring force, to move within a horizontal fluid slab in a
three-dimensional (3D) homogeneous isotropic turbulent velocity field. The
model that we introduce and study is possibly the simplest description for the
dynamics of small aquatic organisms that, due to swimming, active regulation of
their buoyancy, or any other mechanism, maintain themselves in a shallow
horizontal layer below the free surface of oceans or lakes. By varying the
strength of the restoring force, we are able to control the thickness of the
fluid slab in which the particles can move. This allows us to analyze the
statistical features of the system over a wide range of conditions going from a
fully 3D incompressible flow (corresponding to the case of no confinement) to
the extremely confined case corresponding to a two-dimensional slice. The
background 3D turbulent velocity field is evolved by means of fully resolved
direct numerical simulations. Whenever some level of vertical confinement is
present, the particle trajectories deviate from that of fluid tracers and the
particles experience an effectively compressible velocity field. Here, we have
quantified the compressibility, the preferential concentration of the
particles, and the correlation dimension by changing the strength of the
restoring force. The main result is that there exists a particular value of the
force constant, corresponding to a mean slab depth approximately equal to a few
times the Kolmogorov length scale, that maximizes the clustering of the
particles
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