La forme-camp. Pour une généalogie des lieux de tranist et d'internement du présent.

La forme-camp. Pour une généalogie des lieux de transit et d’internement du présent Federico RAHOLA Abstract The paper addresses the current global proliferation of detention and/or protection and shelter facilities adopted in order to seek to govern and territorialize the different experiences and practices of mobility enacted by “displaced” subjects (from internally displaced to international refugees, to asylum seekers and forced or economic migrants). By recapitulating the multifarious actualizations and official definitions of contemporary camps (ETL, CARA, CIE, TPC, etc.), the article suggests an underlying continuity, referring it to a specific and productive matrix, or “form”. Under this perspective, contemporary transit, identification and detention centres assume the Foucauldian meaning of governmental apparatuses (or dispositif), whose specific productivity, rather than in distinguishing between exclusion and inclusion, an inside and outside, mainly consists in defining and ratifying the very existence of internable and deportable subjects. By drawing a genealogy of civilian detention, whose introduction dates back to the colonial realm and finds in the colonial subject the first internable and deportable subject, the paper ends up questioning the specific political “quality” of the space of camps, as places that, instead of making exception, seem to exceed any fixed and given political order. Keywords: international migrations, refugees, asylum seekers, border studies, administrative detention, exception, postcolonial critiqu

La forme-camp. Pour une généalogie des lieux de transit et d’internement du présent

Cet article s’interroge sur le sens que peuvent revêtir les camps, ces lieux du provisoire qui finissent par devenir les territoires permanents des sujets destinés à les habiter et sur l’espace politique auxquels nous devons les relier. Nous avons atteint un point de non-retour pour lequel l’exil, en tant qu’expérience de persécution spécifiquement individuelle, motivée par des facteurs aberrants mais toujours liés à la biographie individuelle parle de quelque chose que nous ne sommes plus. Aujourd’hui, le statut individuel des sujets « déplacés » est le plus souvent effacé et reconduit systématiquement à des catégories totalisantes qui, dans le lexique du droit international et humanitaire, correspondent à une poignée de truismes : « internally displaced » (déplacés), « asylum seekers » (demandeurs d’asile), « temporary refugees » ou réfugiés de « prima facie » (individus objectivement persécutés dans leur pays de provenance auxquels on accorde l’asile temporaire), jusqu’aux migrants, « économiques » ou non, « réguliers » ou non – et ici le lexique semble perdre son caractère procédural ostentatoire puisqu’il a recours au terme plus connotatif d’« illegal aliens » (étrangers en situation irrégulière). Ce ne sont que des mots, mais ces définitions finissent par produire ce qu’elles indiquent.This article deals with the meaning of camps, these temporary places that end up becoming permanent territories for those who have to live there. The paper also focuses on the political space to which these camps are to be linked. We have reached a point of non-return where exile – seen as a specifically individual experience of persecution linked to individual trajectories – deals with something that we no longer are. The individual status of those who are “displaced” tend to often fades away to be systematically redefined through globalising categories that correspond, according to the lexicon of international and humanitarian law, to a handful of truisms: “internally displaced”, “asylum seekers”, “temporary refugees” or “prima facie” refugees (individuals who are objectively persecuted in their homeland and who obtain a temporary asylum), and migrants who are “economic” or not, , economically motivated or not, “regular” or not; to the point the lexicon seems to lose its pretentious procedual character as it employs the more connotative "illegal aliens". Those are but words, but these definitions end up producing what they name

As we go along. Spazi, tempi e soggetti delle controcondotte

This paper explores the ideas of time, space and subjectivity that are inscribed in a series of contemporary collective practices of conducting oneself differently, and in particular in the struggle of resistance that took place in Kobane. It shows that these \u201cinfra-ordinary\u201d practices are both autonomous (individualizing) and plural (common) and suggests that we should consider them as \u201ccounter-conducts\u201d, i.e. as specific situations in which we collectively choose how to conduct ourselves and we produce as we go along new spaces to be constructed, new times to be inhabited and new subjects to becom

Estudios postcoloniales : ensayos fundamentales

278 p. : il. ; 22 cm.Libro ElectrónicoEste libro presenta una amplia panorámica de los estudios postcoloniales, un campo heterogéneo de prácticas teóricas que se ha ido constituyendo en el mundo académico anglosajón a partir de la mitad de la década de 1980. Se ofrecen aquí traducidos al castellano dos de los textos fundamentales que pueden situarse en el origen de los estudios postcoloniales —el de Gayatri Spivak, «Los Estudios de la Subalternidad. Deconstruyendo la historiografía » (1984), y el de Chandra Talpade Mohanty, «Bajo los ojos de Occidente» (1985). Las intervenciones de Ella Shohat y Stuart Hall documentan la discusión que se desarrolló, con particular intensidad a lo largo de la primera mitad de la década de 1990, sobre el «significado de lo “post” en el término postcolonial». Los artículos de Dipesh Chakrabarty, Achille Mbembe, Robert Young, Nirmal Puwar, Sandro Mezzadra y Federico Rahola dan cuenta, por último, de la evolución del debate en los últimos años a partir de distintas perspectivas teóricas y posiciones «geográficas».índice INTRODUCCIÓN. Sandro Mezzadra 15 1. Estudios de la Subalternidad. Deconstruyendo la Historiografía. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 33 2. Bajo los ojos de Occidente. Saber académico y discursos coloniales. Chandra Talpade Mohanty 69 3. Notas sobre lo «postcolonial» Ella Shohat 103 4. ¿Cuándo fue lo postcolonial? Pensar al límite. Stuart Hall 121 5. La historia subalterna como pensamiento político. Dipesh Chakrabarty 145 6. Al borde del mundo. Fronteras, territorialidad y soberanía en África. Achille Mbembe 167 7. Nuevo recorrido por (las) Mitologías Blancas. Robert J. C. Young 197 8. Poses y construcciones melodramáticas. Nirmal Puwar 237 9. La condición postcolonial. Unas notas sobre la cualidad del tiempo histórico en el presente global. Sandro Mezzadra y Federico Rahola 26

New Keywords: Migration and Borders

“New Keywords: Migration and Borders” is a collaborative writing project aimed at developing a nexus of terms and concepts that fill-out the contemporary problematic of migration. It moves beyond traditional and critical migration studies by building on cultural studies and post-colonial analyses, and by drawing on a diverse set of longstanding author engagements with migrant movements. The paper is organized in four parts (i) Introduction, (ii) Migration, Knowledge, Politics, (iii) Bordering, and (iv) Migrant Space/Times. The keywords on which we focus are: Migration/Migration Studies; Militant Investigation; Counter-mapping; Border Spectacle; Border Regime; Politics of Protection; Externalization; Migrant Labour; Differential inclusion/exclusion; Migrant struggles; and Subjectivity

The Leash and the Rip: Struggles and Conflicts beneath Migrants\u2019 and Asylum Seekers\u2019 \u201cSecondary Movemenets"

By addressing the current scenario of \u201ccrisis\u201d (of refugees, asylum, migrations) affecting the European space, the paper focuses on the multiplication of borders and border apparatuses the government of the crisis directly prompted. It thus suggests to read it through the image of a \u201cborderland\u201d, that is, of an uneven space crisscrossed by a relentless movement and by new and old border devices harnessing it \u2013 by containing as well as detaining, dispersing as well as concentrating, exploiting as well as excluding. In order to summarize the relation between the \u201cnomadic machine\u201d enacted by migrants\u2019 movements and such a renewed "apparatus of capture ", it resorts to the image of a \u201cleash\u201d. Literally a leash governs mobility through mobility; it imposes a narrow gauge, limited in time and space. Under its mortgage, besides, every movement becomes "secondary". Rarely, however, those who are led on a leash accept a similar regime of forced mobility: at the ends of the leash a particular tension is thus established, in search of as many rips, expressions of the will to conduct oneself in a different way. By reading those attempts as peculiar forms of \u201ccounter-conducts\u201d , actually producing as many possible \u201ccounter-spaces\u201d , the article ends by suggesting the idea of a sort of \u201cUnderground Europe\u201d, in the wake of the historical and "black" experience of \u201cUnderground railroad\u201d in the pre-civil war US