44 research outputs found
La forme-camp. Pour une généalogie des lieux de tranist et d'internement du présent.
La forme-camp.
Pour une généalogie des lieux de transit et
dâinternement du prĂ©sent
Federico RAHOLA
Abstract
The paper addresses the current global proliferation of detention and/or protection and shelter facilities adopted in order to seek to govern and territorialize the different experiences and practices of mobility enacted by âdisplacedâ subjects (from internally displaced to international refugees, to asylum seekers and forced or economic migrants). By recapitulating the multifarious actualizations and official definitions of contemporary camps (ETL, CARA, CIE, TPC, etc.), the article suggests an underlying continuity, referring it to a specific and productive matrix, or âformâ. Under this perspective, contemporary transit, identification and detention centres assume the Foucauldian meaning of governmental apparatuses (or dispositif), whose specific productivity, rather than in distinguishing between exclusion and inclusion, an inside and outside, mainly consists in defining and ratifying the very existence of internable and deportable subjects. By drawing a genealogy of civilian detention, whose introduction dates back to the colonial realm and finds in the colonial subject the first internable and deportable subject, the paper ends up questioning the specific political âqualityâ of the space of camps, as places that, instead of making exception, seem to exceed any fixed and given political order.
Keywords: international migrations, refugees, asylum seekers, border studies, administrative detention, exception, postcolonial critiqu
La forme-camp. Pour une gĂ©nĂ©alogie des lieux de transit et dâinternement du prĂ©sent
Cet article sâinterroge sur le sens que peuvent revĂȘtir les camps, ces lieux du provisoire qui finissent par devenir les territoires permanents des sujets destinĂ©s Ă les habiter et sur lâespace politique auxquels nous devons les relier. Nous avons atteint un point de non-retour pour lequel lâexil, en tant quâexpĂ©rience de persĂ©cution spĂ©cifiquement individuelle, motivĂ©e par des facteurs aberrants mais toujours liĂ©s Ă la biographie individuelle parle de quelque chose que nous ne sommes plus. Aujourdâhui, le statut individuel des sujets « dĂ©placĂ©s » est le plus souvent effacĂ© et reconduit systĂ©matiquement Ă des catĂ©gories totalisantes qui, dans le lexique du droit international et humanitaire, correspondent Ă une poignĂ©e de truismes : « internally displaced » (dĂ©placĂ©s), « asylum seekers » (demandeurs dâasile), « temporary refugees » ou rĂ©fugiĂ©s de « prima facie » (individus objectivement persĂ©cutĂ©s dans leur pays de provenance auxquels on accorde lâasile temporaire), jusquâaux migrants, « Ă©conomiques » ou non, « rĂ©guliers » ou non â et ici le lexique semble perdre son caractĂšre procĂ©dural ostentatoire puisquâil a recours au terme plus connotatif dâ« illegal aliens » (Ă©trangers en situation irrĂ©guliĂšre). Ce ne sont que des mots, mais ces dĂ©finitions finissent par produire ce quâelles indiquent.This article deals with the meaning of camps, these temporary places that end up becoming permanent territories for those who have to live there. The paper also focuses on the political space to which these camps are to be linked. We have reached a point of non-return where exile â seen as a specifically individual experience of persecution linked to individual trajectories â deals with something that we no longer are. The individual status of those who are âdisplacedâ tend to often fades away to be systematically redefined through globalising categories that correspond, according to the lexicon of international and humanitarian law, to a handful of truisms: âinternally displacedâ, âasylum seekersâ, âtemporary refugeesâ or âprima facieâ refugees (individuals who are objectively persecuted in their homeland and who obtain a temporary asylum), and migrants who are âeconomicâ or not, , economically motivated or not, âregularâ or not; to the point the lexicon seems to lose its pretentious procedual character as it employs the more connotative "illegal aliens". Those are but words, but these definitions end up producing what they name
As we go along. Spazi, tempi e soggetti delle controcondotte
This paper explores the ideas of time, space and subjectivity that are inscribed in a series of contemporary collective practices of conducting oneself differently, and in particular in the struggle of resistance that took place in Kobane. It shows that these \u201cinfra-ordinary\u201d practices are both autonomous (individualizing) and plural (common) and suggests that we should consider them as \u201ccounter-conducts\u201d, i.e. as specific situations in which we collectively choose how to conduct ourselves and we produce as we go along new spaces to be constructed, new times to be inhabited and new subjects to becom
Estudios postcoloniales : ensayos fundamentales
278 p. : il. ; 22 cm.Libro ElectrĂłnicoEste libro presenta una amplia panorĂĄmica de los estudios postcoloniales,
un campo heterogéneo de pråcticas teóricas que se ha ido constituyendo en
el mundo académico anglosajón a partir de la mitad de la década de 1980.
Se ofrecen aquĂ traducidos al castellano dos de los textos fundamentales que
pueden situarse en el origen de los estudios postcoloniales âel de Gayatri
Spivak, «Los Estudios de la Subalternidad. Deconstruyendo la historiografĂa
» (1984), y el de Chandra Talpade Mohanty, «Bajo los ojos de Occidente»
(1985). Las intervenciones de Ella Shohat y Stuart Hall documentan la discusiĂłn
que se desarrollĂł, con particular intensidad a lo largo de la primera
mitad de la dĂ©cada de 1990, sobre el «significado de lo âpostâ en el tĂ©rmino
postcolonial». Los artĂculos de Dipesh Chakrabarty, Achille Mbembe, Robert
Young, Nirmal Puwar, Sandro Mezzadra y Federico Rahola dan cuenta, por
Ășltimo, de la evoluciĂłn del debate en los Ășltimos años a partir de distintas
perspectivas teĂłricas y posiciones «geogrĂĄficas».Ăndice
INTRODUCCIĂN. Sandro Mezzadra 15
1. Estudios de la Subalternidad.
Deconstruyendo la HistoriografĂa. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak 33
2. Bajo los ojos de Occidente.
Saber académico y discursos coloniales. Chandra Talpade Mohanty 69
3. Notas sobre lo «postcolonial» Ella Shohat 103
4. ÂżCuĂĄndo fue lo postcolonial? Pensar al lĂmite. Stuart Hall 121
5. La historia subalterna como pensamiento polĂtico. Dipesh Chakrabarty 145
6. Al borde del mundo. Fronteras, territorialidad y soberanĂa en Ăfrica. Achille Mbembe 167
7. Nuevo recorrido por (las) MitologĂas Blancas. Robert J. C. Young 197
8. Poses y construcciones melodramĂĄticas. Nirmal Puwar 237
9. La condiciĂłn postcolonial. Unas notas sobre la cualidad del tiempo
histĂłrico en el presente global. Sandro Mezzadra y Federico Rahola 26
New Keywords: Migration and Borders
âNew Keywords: Migration and Bordersâ is a collaborative writing project aimed at developing a nexus of terms and concepts that fill-out the contemporary problematic of migration. It moves beyond traditional and critical migration studies by building on cultural studies and post-colonial analyses, and by drawing on a diverse set of longstanding author engagements with migrant movements. The paper is organized in four parts (i) Introduction, (ii) Migration, Knowledge, Politics, (iii) Bordering, and (iv) Migrant Space/Times. The keywords on which we focus are: Migration/Migration Studies; Militant Investigation; Counter-mapping; Border Spectacle; Border Regime; Politics of Protection; Externalization; Migrant Labour; Differential inclusion/exclusion; Migrant struggles; and Subjectivity
The Leash and the Rip: Struggles and Conflicts beneath Migrants\u2019 and Asylum Seekers\u2019 \u201cSecondary Movemenets"
By addressing the current scenario of \u201ccrisis\u201d (of refugees, asylum, migrations) affecting the European space, the paper focuses on the multiplication of borders and border apparatuses the government of the crisis directly prompted. It thus suggests to read it through the image of a \u201cborderland\u201d, that is, of an uneven space crisscrossed by a relentless movement and by new and old border devices harnessing it \u2013 by containing as well as detaining, dispersing as well as concentrating, exploiting as well as excluding. In order to summarize the relation between the \u201cnomadic machine\u201d enacted by migrants\u2019 movements and such a renewed "apparatus of capture ", it resorts to the image of a \u201cleash\u201d. Literally a leash governs mobility through mobility; it imposes a narrow gauge, limited in time and space. Under its mortgage, besides, every movement becomes "secondary". Rarely, however, those who are led on a leash accept a similar regime of forced mobility: at the ends of the leash a particular tension is thus established, in search of as many rips, expressions of the will to conduct oneself in a different way. By reading those attempts as peculiar forms of \u201ccounter-conducts\u201d , actually producing as many possible \u201ccounter-spaces\u201d , the article ends by suggesting the idea of a sort of \u201cUnderground Europe\u201d, in the wake of the historical and "black" experience of \u201cUnderground railroad\u201d in the pre-civil war US