Performance specifications for measurement uncertainty of common biochemical measurands according to Milan models.

Abstract Objectives Definition and fullfillment of analytical performance specifications (APS) for measurement uncertainty (MU) allow to make laboratory determinations clinically usable. The 2014 Milan Strategic Conference have proposed models to objectively derive APS based on: (a) the effect of analytical performance on clinical outcome; (b) biological variation components; and (3) the state of the art of the measurement, defined as the highest level of analytical performance technically achievable. Using these models appropriately, we present here a proposal for defining APS for standard MU for some common biochemical measurands. Methods We allocated a group of 13 measurands selected among the most commonly laboratory requested tests to each of the three Milan models on the basis of their biological and clinical characteristics. Both minimum and desirable levels of quality of APS for standard MU of clinical samples were defined by using information obtained from available studies. Results Blood total hemoglobin, plasma glucose, blood glycated hemoglobin, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were allocated to the model 1 and the corresponding desirable APS were 2.80, 2.00, 3.00, and 10.0%, respectively. Plasma potassium, sodium, chloride, total calcium, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, urea, and total bilirubin were allocated to the model 2 and the corresponding desirable APS were 1.96, 0.27, 0.49, 0.91, 4.65, 2.20, 7.05, and 10.5%, respectively. For C-reactive protein, allocated to the model 3, a desirable MU of 3.76% was defined. Conclusions APS for MU of clinical samples derived in this study are essential to objectively evaluate the reliability of results provided by medical laboratories

Dinámica temporal de nutrientes, clorofila a y parámetros de calidad del agua en la Laguna de Venecia

Since 1997, CNR-ISMAR has been collecting monthly hydrochemical and phytoplankton data in the northern and central basins of the Lagoon of Venice. The data have been part of the International Long-Term Ecosystem Research (LTER) database since 2007, helping to fill a gap in lagoon environmental studies. Analysing our time series (1998-2017), we were able to observe a rise in water temperature due to climate trends, a reduction in trophic status mainly due to the lower input of inorganic dissolved nitrogen nutrients and an increase in transparency and dissolved oxygen related to the increased biomass of macrophytes (macroalgae and seagrasses). Finally, a reduction in phytoplankton biomass and an accompanying increase in seagrass and macroalgal cover were observed. Present and future studies will help to evaluate the ways in which the Lagoon of Venice ecosystem responds to anthropogenic pressures and global climate change.Desde 1997, el CNR ISMAR ha recopilado datos mensuales de hidroquímica y fitoplancton en las zonas del norte y centro de la Laguna de Venecia. Desde el 2007 los datos hacen parte de la base de datos LTER (International Long-Term Ecosystem Research), ayudando a llenar la falta de datos en los estudios ambientales de la Laguna. Analizando nuestra serie histórica (1998-2017), pudimos observar un aumento de la temperatura del agua debido a las tendencias climáticas, una reducción del estado trófico debido principalmente al menor suministro de nutrientes inorgánicos de nitrógeno disuelto y un aumento de la transparencia y del oxígeno disuelto relacionado al aumento de la biomasa de macrófitas (macroalgas y faneró­gamas). Por último, se observó una reducción de la biomasa del fitoplancton y al mismo tiempo un aumento de fanerógamas y macroalgas. Los actuales y futuros estudios ayudarán a evaluar las formas en el cual el ecosistema de la Laguna de Venecia responderá a las presiones antropogénicas y al cambio climático global

shoreline detection capability of cosmo skymed and high resolution multispectral images

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Ecohidrología de un humedal intermareal antropizado: un estudio de caso en la Bahia de Samborombón (Argentina)

En los humedales intermareales los procesos hidrológicos y ecológicos están íntimamente conectados, razón por la cual los cambios en la hidrología derivados de las actividades humanas pueden modificar los ecosistemas. En el humedal de la marisma del río Ajó la expansión ganadera dio a lugar a la realización de numerosos terraplenes que cortan los canales limitando la propagación del flujo mareal. El objetivo del trabajo es analizar cómo los cambios hidrológicos ocasionados por el hombre en la marisma pueden afectar la ecohidrología del humedal en relación al desarrollo de la vegetación. Se estudiaron las características hidrológicas y ambientales en áreas naturales y antropizadas a partir de observaciones de campo y medición de variables hidrológicas. Para evaluar las modificaciones en la vegetación se efectuó una estimación de los cambios estacionales en la cantidad, calidad y desarrollo de la misma a partir del análisis del índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada (NDVI) en imágenes Landsat. Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que cerca de un 18% del área de marisma está actualmente fuera del ciclo mareal debido a las alteraciones antrópicas. En estas zonas el funcionamiento hidrológico natural fue modificado afectando el desarrollo de la vegetación intermareal típica de este ambiente y en consecuencia la ecohidrología del humedal

El rol de la evapotranspiración en la geohidrología del humedal de la Planicie Costera de Ajó (provincia de Buenos Aires)

Fil: Carol, Eleonora Silvina. Cátedra de Hidrología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Kruse, Eduardo Emilio. Cátedra de Hidrología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Braga, Federica. Istituto di Scienze Marine. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Venezia; ItalyFil: Tosi, Luigi. Istituto di Scienze Marine. Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Venezia; Ital

Análisis temporal de las modificaciones en los médanos del Partido de la Costa y su relación con los recursos hídricos

Fil: Carretero, Silvina Claudia. Cátedra de Hidrología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Braga, Federica. Istituto di Scienze Marine Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche. Venezia; ItaliaFil: Kruse, Eduardo Emilio. Cátedra de Hidrología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Tosi, Luigi. Cátedra de Hidrología General. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Past, present, and expected hydro-morphologic evolution of the Bahia de Samborombon (Argentina) by remote sensing data

Hydro-geomorphologic setting of coastal areas is the result of complex interactions between marine and continental processes. Lowland morphologies make coastlands the zones at highest hydrogeological risk because of flooding, land subsidence, and saltwater contamination (e.g., Pousa et al. 2007). As many studies have predicted a significant increase of eustacy, sea level rise (SLR) is the most relevant problem affecting coastal lowlands. The wetland of the Samborombon Bay (Argentina) is a Ramsar natural reserve affected to periodic floods due to rainfall, runoff, tidal fluctuations, and storm surges. In this work, we show preliminary results of a project aimed at understanding the effect of expected SLR scenarios on the hydromorphologic setting of the Samborombon Bay. In particular, the outcomes of the first step of the research, i.e., the remote sensing analysis, are illustrated

MAPPING COASTAL AND WETLAND VEGETATION COMMUNITIES USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SENTINEL-2 DATA

Abstract. Operational monitoring of complex vegetation communities, such as the ones growing in coastal and wetland areas, can be effectively supported by satellite remote sensing, providing quantitative spatialized information on vegetation parameters, as well as on their temporal evolution. With this work, we explored and evaluated the potential of Sentinel-2 data for assessing the status and evolution of coastal vegetation as the primary indicator of ecosystem conditions, by mapping the different plant communities of Venice lagoon (Northeast Italy) via a rule-based classification approach exploiting synoptic seasonal features of spectral indices and multispectral reflectance. The results demonstrated that coastal and wetland vegetation community type maps derived for two different years scored a good overall accuracy around 80%, with some misclassification in the coastal areas and overestimation of salt marsh communities coverage, and that virtual collaborative environments can facilitate the use of Sentinel-2 data and products to multidisciplinary users

Using overlapping VIIRS scenes to observe short term variations in particulate matter in the coastal environment

Abstract In coastal areas, the concentrations and the optical properties of the water components have a large spatial and temporal variability, due to river discharges and meteo-marine conditions, such as wind, wave and current, and their interaction with shallow water bathymetry. This large temporal variability cannot be captured using the standard Ocean Colour Radiometry (OCR) polar orbiting satellites, the latter providing almost one image per day. On the contrary, the use of OCR geostationary sensors, like the Geostationary Ocean Colour Imager (GOCI), centred above the Korean Peninsula, enable to capture the short-term variability of the optical properties. To compensate the lack of a geostationary sensor similar to GOCI over other coastal environments, like the North Adriatic Sea (NAS), the multiple observations provided during the same day by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) mounted on the SUOMI NPP satellite, can be exploited. Indeed, due to its large swath of 3060 km, the VIIRS orbits can overlap over the NAS during the same day within 1 h and 42 min, an important feature that can be useful in capturing the short term variability of the optical properties. A large number of VIIRS overlaps in the NAS are characterized by high sensor zenith angle (SZA) of the observation, resulting in a large portion of images masked by the high satellite zenith flag. In order to make available those observations and, in general, to reduce the dependence of the VIIRS observations from the SZA, an adjustment based on a multi linear regression scheme, which exploits radiometric in situ observations, was here applied. This study aims to prove the suitability of the adjusted overlapping VIIRS in capturing the short time scale dynamics of particulate backscattering, and this was demonstrated by the analysis of a case study for the 21st and 22nd of March 2013. In order to evaluate the advantages in using multiple observations during the same day, also the ~24 h dynamics was analysed, comparing the overlapping VIIRS results with the ones obtained from the daily product

Respuesta hidrológica del Bañado de Maldonado en la planicie costera del Río de la Plata: eventos extremos de abril de 2013

On April 2, 2013 unprecedented flash floods due to extreme rainfalls (approximately 400 mm in a few hours) occurred in La Plata and its surroundings causing loss of human live and great socioeconomic harm. The southeastern part of La Plata was an important flooded area. The lack of hydrological data at regional scale represents a significant constraint to the water management planning. This work aims to evaluate the hydrological response to the extreme precipitation events. Herein, we analyzed the satellite images acquired on April 5 (ASTER), April 9 (SPOT5), April 13 (Landsat7) and May 21, 2013 (SPOT5) and the topographical setting of the coastal plain. We suggest that the quantification of the evolution of the stored water in the low flooded areas of coastal plain is an indirect way to know the response of the coastal plain to the extreme precipitation events