Fatal traumatic heart wounds: Review of 160 autopsy cases

Background: Despite many published retrospective analyses in cardiac injuries in treated patients, there is a striking scarcity of population-based studies that include autopsies

Medical experience of a university hospital in Turkey after the 1999 Marmara earthquake

Objectives: This study aimed to provide an overview of morbidity and mortality among patients admitted to the Hospital of the Medicine Faculty of Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey, after the 1999 Marmara earthquake. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 645 earthquake victims. Patients' demographic data, diagnosis, dispositions, and prognosis were reviewed. Results: A total of 330 patients with earthquake related injuries and illness admitted to our hospital were included and divided into three main groups: crush syndrome (n = 110), vital organ injuries (n = 57), and non-traumatic but earthquake related illness (n = 55). Seventy seven per cent of patients were hospitalised during the first three days after the earthquake. The rate of mortality associated with the crush syndrome, vital organ injury, and non-traumatic medical problems was 21% (23/110), 17.5% (10/57), and 9% (5/55), respectively. The overall mortality rate was 8% (50/645). Conclusions: In the first 24–48 hours after a major earthquake, hospital emergency departments are flooded with large numbers of patients. Among this patient load, those patients with crush syndrome or vital organ injuries are particularly at risk. Proper triage and prompt treatment of these seriously injured earthquake victims may decrease morbidity and mortality. It is hoped that this review of the challenges met after the Marmara earthquake and the lessons learned will be of use to emergency department physicians as well as hospital emergency planners in preparing for future natural disasters

Modeling and simulation of grid connected solid oxide fuel cell using PSCAD

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is being developed for a wide variety of applications because of their high efficiency, reliability, and fuel adaptability. In this paper, a grid connected SOFC system is presented by using PSCAD software. The power conditioning unit (PCU) is used for simulation studies and also the transformer is used for electrical isolation. The simulation studies of the SOFC dynamic model are investigated for three case studies. In the first simulation study, the SOFC dynamic model is connected to constant and variable DC loads without PCU. The second simulation study is performed for three phase AC load conditions. The AC performance of SOFC is tested under an AC load through the transmission line of 400V at the length of 10 km. The last simulation study is implemented for the grid connected SOFC system. In the grid connected case study, a three bus system, which includes an infinite bus, a load bus and a fuel cell bus, is formed under AC load conditions. The results show the fast response capabilities of the grid connected SOFC system in different case studies and various load types. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is being developed for a wide variety of applicationsbecause of their high efficiency, reliability, and fuel adaptability. In this paper, agrid connected SOFC system is presented by using PSCAD software. The powerconditioning unit (PCU) is used for simulation studies and also the transformer isused for electrical isolation. The simulation studies of the SOFC dynamic modelare investigated for three case studies. In the first simulation study, the SOFCdynamic model is connected to constant and variable DC loads without PCU. Thesecond simulation study is performed for three phase AC load conditions. The ACperformance of SOFC is tested under an AC load through the transmission line of400 V at the length of 10 km. The last simulation study is implemented for the gridconnected SOFC system. In the grid connected case study, a three bus system,which includes an infinite bus, a load bus and a fuel cell bus, is formed under ACload conditions. The results show the fast response capabilities of the gridconnected SOFC system in different case studies and various load types.</p