Comparison the effects of nitric oxide and spermidin pretreatment on alleviation of salt stress in chamomile plant (Matricaria recutita L.)

Salt stress is an important environmental stress that produces reactive oxygen species in plants and causes oxidative injuries. In this investigation, salt stress reduced the shoot and root length, while increased the content of malondealdehyde, Hydrogen peroxide, and the activity of Ascorbate peroxidase andguaiacol peroxidase. Pretreatment of chamomile plants under salt stress with sodium nitroprussideand Spermidin caused enhancement of growth parameters and reduction of malondealdehyde and Hydrogen peroxide content. Pretreatment of plants with sodium nitroprusside remarkably increased Ascorbate peroxidase activity, while Spermidin pre-treatment significantly increased guaiacol peroxidase activity. Application of sodium nitroprusside or Spermidin with Methylene blue which is known to block cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling pathway, reduced the protective effects of sodium nitroprussideand Spermidin in plants under salinity condition. The result of this study indicated that Methylene blue could partially and entirely abolish the protective effect of Nitric oxide on some physiological parameter. Methylene blue also has could reduce the alleviation effect of Spermidin on some of parameters in chamomile plant under salt stress, so with comparing the results of this study it seems that Spermidin probably acts through Nitric oxide pathway, but the use of 2-4- carboxyphenyl- 4,4,5,5- tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide is better to prove

It\u27s Not a Fad: Incorporating Mobile Devices Into the Classroom

According to a 2013 survey, about 40% of college students have used tablets for coursework and two-thirds have used a smartphone. Students also report that they would like to use their mobile devices more often in their courses. This session will provide the opportunity to learn about strategies for incorporating the use of mobile devices in the classroom, including WU-texter, an application developed and implemented by Ron in a computer science course.https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/lib_present/1012/thumbnail.jp

The relationship of mood status, quality of life, and dietary intake with migraine symptoms among women with migraine

Background and aims: Migraine is a neurologic disorder with wide global spread. Quality of life (QOL) and dietary factors are important parameters in migraine management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of mood status, QOL, and dietary intake with migraine symptoms among women with migraine. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 143 women with migraine aged 20–40 years who were randomly selected from two clinics in Isfahan, Iran. Data were collected using the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Assessing Dietary Patterns, a visual analogue scale for migraine headaches, the Migraine-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale. The serum level of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was also measured. Results: Participants’ age and number of sleeping hours per 24 hours had significant relationship with migraine severity, depression and anxiety had significant relationship with migraine severity and the duration of migraine attacks, and QOL had significant relationship with migraine severity and the duration and frequency of migraine attacks. Daily intake of riboflavin also had significant relationship with frequency of migraine attacks, while daily intake of water had significant relationship with migraine severity (P 0.05). The relationships of vitamin D and magnesium intake with depression were also significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Serum level of CGRP has no significant relationship with migraine attacks, while depression, anxiety, QOL, and magnesium and vitamin D intake have significant relationship with migraine attacks. Keywords: Migraine, Depression, Mood status, Quality of life, Dietary intak

Effect of Tubular Orientation on the Microtensile Bond Strength of Composite-dentin using Universal Bonding Agents

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dentinal tubules orientation on the composite-dentin microtensile bond strength using universal adhesives. A total of 36 caries-free third molars were selected. The teeth were allocated to (axial, wall) and (occlusal, floor) groups and each group was divided into three subgroups based on the type of bonding used. The specimens were then sectioned to obtain dentin-composite sticks with a binding area of approximately 1 mm2. Then sticks were mounted in the universal testing machine (UTM) at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Data collection was carried out using two-way ANOVA and T-test. Then, the failure mode of the specimens was observed using a stereomicroscope, and one specimen from each group was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of two-way ANOVA showed that the highest and lowest mean microtensile bond strength (μTBS) were observed in the group of Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive (axial, wall) (28.92±8.75) and Single Bond Universal adhesive (occlusal, floor) (12.83±7.90), respectively. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the three adhesives in the mean of μTBS in the (occlusal, floor)orientation, but the mean μTBS of Adper Single Bond 2 adhisive was significantly higher than that of G-premio and Single Bond Universal adhesives in the (axial, wall) orientation (P=0.05). There was no significant difference in two universal adhesives (P= 0.994). The stereomicroscopic analysis showed that the highest adhesive failure was related to Adper Single Bond 2 in (axial, wall) orientation. However, the failure mode results were nearly identical in both adhesives in the (axial, wall) orientation. The failure mode results were also similar in all three adhesives in the (occlusal, floor) orientation. The dentinal tubules orientation showed no significant effect on the microtensile bond strength of the Gpremio, Single Bond Universal adhesives. Adper Single Bond 2 had a significantly higher μTBS rate in the (axial, wall) orientation, but its μTBS was similar to that of the universal adhesives in the (occlusal, floor) orientation, which was not statistically significant

Comparison of the Efficacy of Dexamethasone and Methylprednisolone in Infiltration Injection for Postendodontic Pain in Patients with Necrotic Pulp: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Purpose. Postendodontic pain is one of the problems of root canal therapy. +is clinical study aimed to evaluate the effect of infiltration injection of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on postendodontic pain in patients with necrotic pulp. Methods. A total of 80 volunteers with necrotic pulp teeth were included and assigned to two groups (n � 40). After the administration of local anesthesia and before root canal therapy, in group 1, an infiltration injection of 1 ml of dexamethasone was done and in group 2, an infiltration injection of 1 ml of methylprednisolone was done in the buccal vestibule of each tooth. Patients’ pain was reported using a visual analogue scale at pretreatment and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after treatment. Results. +ere was no significant difference between the two groups receiving dexamethasone and methylprednisolone at pretreatment and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after endodontic treatment. Conclusions. Infiltration injection of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone had a significant effect in reducing pain after the endodontic treatment in necrotic pulp teeth, but between 6 and 12 hours, methylprednisolone had significantly more effect on pain relief than dexamethasone. Overall, the use of any of these drugs to reduce postendodontic pain is recommended

Genetics of Functional Seizures; A Scoping Systematic Review

Background: Evidence on the genetics of functional seizures is scarce, and the purpose of the current scoping systematic review is to examine the existing evidence and propose how to advance the field. Methods: Web of science and MEDLINE were searched, from their initiation until May 2023. The following key words were used: functional neurological disorder(s), psychogenic neurological disorder(s), functional movement disorder(s), psychogenic movement disorder(s), functional seizures(s), psychogenic seizure(s), nonepileptic seizure(s), dissociative seizure(s), or psychogenic nonepileptic seizure(s), AND, gene, genetic(s), polymorphism, genome, epigenetics, copy number variant, copy number variation(s), whole exome sequencing, or next-generation sequencing. Results: We identified three original studies. In one study, the authors observed that six (5.9%) patients with functional seizures carried pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants. In another study, the authors observed that, in functional seizures, there was a significant correlation with genes that are over-represented in adrenergic, serotonergic, oxytocin, opioid, and GABA receptor signaling pathways. In the third study, the authors observed that patients with functional seizures, as well as patients with depression, had significantly different genotypes in FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms compared with controls. Conclusion: Future genetic investigations of patients with functional seizures would increase our understanding of the pathophysiological and neurobiological problems underlying this common neuropsychological stress-associated condition

Association between dietary satisfaction and depression, anxiety and stress in obese and overweight patients during the coronavirus pandemic

Background & aim: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health threat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between D-Sat and depression, anxiety and stress in obese patients during the coronavirus pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 228 obese and overweight women on a weight loss diet was conducted through the use of two questionnaires. General characteristics, anthropometric indices, D-Sat and mental status were assessed in these patients. Results: The greatest weight loss (WL) and waist circumference (WC) change was associated with the highest tertile of the D-Sat score in the first four months of the coronavirus pandemic (P < 0.05). Participants with the highest tertile of all D-sat score compared to those with the lowest had an 84 decrease in odds of depression. The highest tertile was also associated with decreased odds of anxiety (OR: 0.32 95CI: 0.14; 0.68) The adjusted odds of stress score were negatively associated to the highest tertile of the D-Sat score (OR: 0.09, 95CI (0.03, 0.23). WL was inversely related to stress (P < 0.05). Participants with higher WL and WC reduction had fewer depressive symptoms (P < 0.05). Sleep time and family income were associated with obesity. Conclusions: D-Sat and positive personal and family dynamics can improve the mental status of obese and overweight patients during quarantine

Effect of oral capsule of Peganum harmala seeds on bone density in menopausal women prone to osteoporosis

Background and aims: Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases with systemic involvement of the body skeleton. The Peganum harmala seed contains high amounts of carboline alkaloids, which have been shown to have positive effects on bone formation in animal studies. In the present study, the effect of an oral capsule of P. harmala seed on bone density was evaluated in menopausal women prone to osteoporosis. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 100 women referring to the orthopedic clinic with a diagnosis of osteoporosis were included and divided into the intervention group treated with calcium D (500 mg) twice a day, Osteofos (70 mg) per week, and P. harmala (500 mg) twice‐a‐day, and the control group treated with calcium D and Osteofos. Before and three months after the intervention, patients were evaluated for osteoporosis using bone densitometry. Finally, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur before and after the intervention showed significant improvements in the intervention and control groups (P<0.001). The mean differences in BMD before and after the intervention were significant in both control and intervention groups with higher improvements in the intervention group (P<0.001). Although the mean BMD of the spine before the intervention was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.167), it was better in the intervention group after the intervention (P=0.030). Conclusion: The findings of the present study confirmed the beneficial effects of P. harmala on osteoporosis while the lack of any changes in liver enzymes. Keywords: Peganum harmala, Bone mineral density, Osteoporosis, Liver enzyme, Calcium, Vitamin