A SCHOLARLY REVIEW OF THE RULINGS OF CORONA COVID-19 IN THE CONTEXT OF HADITHS ABOUT THE EPIDEMIC

Religion is one of the fundamental factors in human life and the practising of it is mandatory too. The issue aroused when the first patient was reported 17 Nov 2019 in Wuhan, china. The deadly virus attacked human and adopted the Shape of pandemic. Millions of people were affected across the Globe. Nearly 198 countries were in the clutches of poisonous-microscopic particle. The medical experts and doctors advised the masses to adopt certain SOPs. While the government tried to implement it in any cost. The Muslims strictly observe their religious duties. thus, they faced a lot of difficulties to have a congregation prayer in masjids, funereal prayer, Jumma prayer, hajj gathering, and Umrah. The Ullma and the Islamic scholars have framed a structure to full fill the need of the hour in the light of Islamic sharia. Instead of shaking hand only Salam should be obeyed. However, the Islamic sharia is not that much strict but elastic which allow people to wear masks, keeping distance during congregation and funeral prayers

Comparison of The Short-Term Results of Single Injection of Autologous Blood with Steroid Injection in Lateral Epicondylitis

Objective: To compare the short term results of single injection of autologous blood with steroid injection in lateral epicondylitis.Methodology: This study was conducted at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, PIMS Islamabad. Study design was randomized controlled trial. Duration of study was one year (28-1-16 to 28-1-17). In this study a total 94 (47 in each group) patients were observed Patients who were previously untreated and had no other identifiable cause of lateral elbow pain, those reporting with the typical symptoms of tennis elbow and having no radiographic cause of pain were included. All the patients were divided in two groups randomly on basis of lottery method. In Group-A patients were given 40mg of methyl prednisolone acetate mixed with 1ml of 2% lidocaine injection. In Group-B patients were given 2ml of autologous venous blood drawn from either of the upper limbs mixed with 1ml of 2% lidocaine. Pain evaluation was done via Visual Analogue Scoring at 6th week OPD follow and the pain was evaluated on visual analogue score.Results: The age of the patients ranged from 15 years to 80 years with a mean of 42.84±15.80 years. 55 (58.5%) patients were aged between 15-45 years while 39 (41.5%) patients were aged between 46-80 years. There were 37 (39.4%) male and 57 (60.6%) female patients with a male to female ratio of 1:1.5. Both the groups were comparable in terms of mean age (p=0.801) and age (p=0.834) and gender (p=0.833) group distribution. At 6thweek follow-up, the mean VAS score for pain was significantly lower in patients treated with methyl prednisolone (2.09±0.91 vs. 3.47±1.12; p<0.001) as compared to those treated with autologous blood and this difference was significant across all age and gender groups.Conclusion: Steroid injection was found to be superior to autologous blood injection in terms of significantly lower mean VAS score for pain after 6 weeks of injection in patients presenting with tennis elbow

Correlation Between the Forearm Plus Little Finger Length and The Actual Femoral Length in Orthopedic Patients Presenting with Femoral Shaft Fractures

Objective: To determine the correlation between the forearm plus little finger length and the actual femoral length in orthopedic patients presenting with femoral shaft fractures at a teaching hospital in Islamabad.Methodology:  This study was conducted at Department of Orthopedics, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Study design was descriptive cross-sectional study and the duration of study was one year (12-7-2015 to 12-7-2016), in which a total of 30 cases was observed. Ppatients of both genders aged between 18-70 years presenting with femoral shaft fractures. All the patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into this study. A single resident measured forearm plus little finger length pre-operatively. Actual femoral length in centimeter was measured during operative procedure using a measuring tape. Patient’s demographic details and forearm plus little finger length and actual femoral lengths were recorded into the attached proforma.Results:  The age of the patients ranged from 26 years to 59 years with a mean of 42.10±9.79 years. There were 27(90%) male and 3(10%) female patients in the study group. The forearm plus little finger length ranged from 38 cm to 44 cm with a mean of 40.97±2.28 cm. The actual femoral length ranged from 38 cm to 45 cm with a mean of 40.93±2.29 cm. There was significantly strong correlation between forearm plus little finger length and actual femoral length (r=.970; p=.000). When stratified, there was significantly strong correlation between forearm plus little finger length and actual femoral length across various age groups 26-36 years (r=.981, p=.000), 37-47 years (r=.946, p=.000), 48-59 years (r=.993, p=.000) and genders; male (r=.976, p=.000), female (r=.986, p=.000).Conclusion:  There was significantly strong correlation between forearm plus little finger length and actual femoral length (r=.970; p=.000) regardless of patient age and gender

Comparative evaluation of pancreatic histopathology of rats treated with olanzapine, risperidone and streptozocin

Olanzapine and risperidone are widely prescribed atypical antipsychotics used in the treatment of schizophrenia and various other psychiatric disorders. Both of these drugs have been extensively reported to cause Type 2 diabetes mellitus and pancreatitis, however, the mechanism of olanzapine and risperidone-induced toxicity has not been so far unveiled. We, therefore, compared the streptozocininduced pancreatic damage with that of pancreas isolated from olanzapine and risperidone treated rats. It was noticed that fibrotic growth, necrosis and derangement of the pancreatic islet cells caused by streptozocin were more pronounced than olanzapine and risperidone

Antispasmodic, Bronchodilator and Blood Pressure Lowering Properties of Hypericum oblongifolium - Possible Mechanism of Action

The crude extract of Hypericum oblongifolium (Ho.Cr), which tested positive for flavonoids, saponins and tannins caused concentration-dependent (0.1-1.0 mg/mL) relaxation of spontaneous and high K(+) (80 mM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, suggesting a Ca(++) antagonistic effect, which was confirmed when pretreatment of the tissue with Ho.Cr produced a rightward shift in the Ca(++) concentration-response curves, like that caused by verapamil. Ho.Cr relaxed carbachol (1 mu M) and high K(+)-induced contractions in guinea pig tracheal preparations. It caused a dose-dependent (3-100 mg/kg) fall in arterial blood pressure of rats under anesthesia. In isolated guinea pig atria, Ho.Cr caused inhibition of both atrial force and rate of spontaneous contractions. When tested in rabbit aortic rings, Ho.Cr exhibited a vasodilator effect against phenylephrine (1 mu M) and high K(+)-induced contractions. These results indicate that Ho.Cr possesses gastrointestinal, respiratory and cardiovascular inhibitory effects, mediated via a Ca(++) antagonist mechanism

Performance analysis of user-centric SBS deployment with load balancing in heterogeneous cellular networks : A Thomas cluster process approach

Author's accepted manuscript.Available from: 24/01/2022.acceptedVersio

Spectrophotometric Quantification of Trace Elements and Toxic Metals in Raw Milk Samples of Peshawar City, Pakistan

The present study focused on the physicochemical characterization and spectrophotometric determination of the concentrations of trace elements (Zn, Cu, Fe and Mn) and toxic heavy metals (Cd and Pb) in raw milk samples collected from various commercial sites of Peshawar city, Pakistan. Evaluation of the nutritional values as well as the possible health concerns associated with the consumption of contaminated milk shown the average percentage composition of protein, fats, solid non-fats, lactose, salts and added water in the milk sample as 2.78, 4.81, 6.41, 3.05, 0.47 and 31.1 %, respectively. The values of pH, conductivity, density and freezing point were observed as 6.59, 3.51 mS/cm, 1.04 g/mL and -0.3674 ºC at 26 ºC. The physicochemical characteristics such as percentage protein, fat, lactose, salts, water, solid not fat, total solids, pH, conductivity and density were evaluated and found in the safe limits of the WHO/FAO. The average concentration of trace elements such as zinc and copper were found to be 1.4035 mg/L and 0.2588 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of Zn and Cu was found within permissible limits suggested by WHO. However, the average concentration of Fe, Mn, Cd and Pb were found higher than the permissible limits of WHO. The observed concentrations were: Fe = 1.5553, Mn = 0.4354, Cd = 0.1865 and Pb = 1.1162 mg/L. The presence of the non-essential and hazardous Cd and Pb in milk samples even in lower concentrations may cause severe health problems since these are the most noxious pollutants due to their non-biodegradable and bio-accumulative nature. Over-dose of Fe and Mn also leads to several health issues. A thorough and more precise investigation of raw milk consumption in Peshawar is highly recommended to ascertain the actual reasons and sources in the larger public interests

Olanzapine induced biochemical and histopathological changes after its chronic administration in rats

AbstractObjective: Olanzapine is a second generation antipsychotic acting mainly as a dopamine D2 and serotonine 5-HT2 receptors antagonist prescribed in the treatment of schizophrenia and various other psychiatric illnesses. Even though olanzapine is widely used in psychiatry, its effects on the architecture of pancreas, liver and kidneys are little known. The histology of pancreas especially has never been studied. For these reasons, the current study was designed to elucidate the toxic effects of chronic administration of olanzapine on pancreas, liver and kidneys and the enzymes released by these tissues in an escalating dose manner. Methods: Fourteen male rats were divided into two groups equally, the olanzapine group and the controls. Olanzapine was administered in a dose of 5mg/kg/d for the first eight weeks, 10mg/kg/d for next four weeks and 15mg/kg/d through the last two week period of 14weeks experiment. The controls received acidified saline only. Both the groups received restricted diet (20g/12h). The body weight and level of random blood sugar (RBS) were measured on a weekly basis. The levels of lipase, amylase, alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were determined terminally. At the end of the experiment, the tissues were dissected out for histopathological evaluation. Results: Significant loss in body weight, change in the level of random blood sugar (∗∗P<0.05, ∗∗∗P<0.001) and significant rise in amylase and lipase levels (∗P<0.05, ∗∗∗P<0.001) were observed. However, the same treatment has shown no significant change in the levels of alanine and aspartate transaminases (P>0.05). The pancreas has shown derangement of beta cells and fibrotic growth. A mild to moderate focal increase in glomerular cellularity, cellular proliferation and glomerular capsules with negligible basement membranes were observed in the kidneys. No changes were observed in the architecture of the liver. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that the incidence of adverse effects associated with olanzapine could be prevented/alleviated/delayed by allowing restricted diet