Concepts of Social Justice: An Islamic Perspective

Whole world is witnessing turmoil engulfed by an unending conflict and the causes may not be open to general public but it is largely rooted in the race for hegemony. This commotion will prolong till people don’t realize it and don not struggle to destroy the hegemony of evil doctrine. There are many avenues through which this doctrine can challenged and Social Justice is one such aspect which can shape the worldly affairs under one umbrella. But certain things are warranted too and it needs to be ascertained as what will determine Social Justice. The conception of Social justice finds its significance in every blissful society as no individual with human compassion would like to impair others. Different definitions and frameworks have been put forward to establish impartiality and that may govern the state of affairs of a county. But there still exist difficulty in shaping impartiality throughout the world. This paper in an attempt tries to explore the pros and cons of the manmade laws for developing impartiality and then finally outlines the framework proposed by the Almighty Allah, ‘The Lord of Lands”. The researcher has compared rules and penalties instituted by mankind and those revealed in the Book of Allah, “Al-Quran”. Also comparison has been drawn between US and Saudi Arabia with respect to statistical data determining offense in two countries where in manmade laws are predominantly exercised in US and those of Islamic laws in Saudi Arabia. Every effort has been made to epitomize the significance of supreme social justice and process of its accomplishment that would largely promote good to a common person. Keywords: Fairness, Consistency, Impartiality, Globe, Social Justice and Al-Qura

Patient safety with special reference to adverse events taking place in the cases discussed in mortality and morbidity meets

Background: There is an increasing belief that an institution’s ability to avoid patient harm will be realized when it creates a culture of safety among its staff members. Aims to study the cases discussed in mortality meets.Methods: Critical analysis of cases discussed in mortality and morbidity meet were done for one year by using WHO Structured questionnaire on patient safety (RF-1 & RF-2 forms) along with their record review and interview to the concerned staff.Results: 62 mortality and morbidity meetings were conducted during the study period of one year. Cardiac/ Respiratory arrest was the most common adverse event studied (67.7%) followed by unexpected death (48.4%). 52.7% of studied adverse events showed signs of healthcare team responsible for causing adverse events, mainly related to the therapeutic care (64.8%). 47% of adverse events were categorized preventable.Conclusions: Mortality and Morbidity Meets should be made mandatory in all hospitals

Patient safety with reference to the occurrence of adverse events in admitted patients on the basis of incident reporting in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background: A good quality report should lend itself for detailed analysis of the chain of events that lead to the incident. This knowledge can then be used to consider what interventions, and at what level in the chain, can prevent the incident from occurring again. Aim was to study the occurrence of adverse events on the basis of incident reporting.Methods: Critical analysis of incident reporting of adverse events taking place in admitted patients for one year by using WHO Structured questionnaire on patient safety (RF-1 & RF-2 forms) along with their record review and interview to the concerned staff.Results: 253 incidents of adverse events were reported during the study period of one year. Most common screening criteria being, Patient/family dissatisfaction with care received, documented or expressed during the current (221 incidents i.e. 87.35%), followed by hospital acquired infection/sepsis (29 incidents i.e. 11.46%). 13 incidents (5.13%) were reported for unexpected deaths due to adverse events. 38.9% of reported adverse events studied showed signs of health care team responsible for causing adverse events. 39% of adverse events were found preventable and 61% of adverse event was found non-preventable.Conclusions: Incident reporting of adverse events should be encouraged in all hospitals. 

A comparative study on patient safety with reference to methods of detection of adverse events in a tertiary care hospital in North India

Background:Considerable investments have been made to devise methods to detect actual and potential adverse events in health care in order to address risk and improve patient safety. Objective of the study was to compare the methods of detection of number of adverse events taking place in admitted patients.Method: A prospective study for a period of one year. Three adverse events detection modules were studied, i.e. current record review, Incident reporting and cases discussed in Mortality Meets. A World Health Organization structured questionnaire on patient safety Review form-1 (RF-1) and Review form-2 (RF-2) was used. RF-1 form was used to screen adverse events. Screened positive patients were subjected to RF-2 form to calculate preventability of adverse events. Adverse events as well as preventability were compared to detect the preferred module of detection of errors in care.Results: Current record review was able to detect 15.5% of adverse events with 71.33% preventability. Incident reporting module was able to detect only 0.73% of adverse events with 39% of preventability and mortality meets were able to study only 0.17% of adverse events with 47% of preventability.Conclusion: Current record review was found to be preferred module of detection of adverse events.

Participatory rural appraisal and farmers’ perception about common bean varieties in temperate Kashmir

Present investigation was undertaken during 2012 to 2014 in which 54 genotypes, both pole and bush type of Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were selected among a number of germplasm lines, land races and research material in order to generate information on the farmer’s’ perception about the Common bean varieties. Participatory rural appraisal was conducted in 32 villages of Kashmir through a broad questionnaires comprising of questions pertaining to the socio-economic conditions, farming systems, production constraints and varietal preferences of the common bean. The Participatory Rural Appraisal results revealed that common bean is generally grown as a rainfed crop (70 %) and is intercropped with maize/ potato/vegetable and merely as sole crop (20.66 %). Low yielding varieties and diseases (68.27 %) are considered as major challenges in the success of common bean crop, while as red colour with kidney shaped types (50 %) are highly being preferred as a pulse crop. The exercise of Participatory Rural Appraisal was carried out to generate basic information by assessing the need based constraints and devise the target breeding approach, by taking into consideration all constraints and also devise future breeding programme. A successful PRA provides the information needed to specify the characteristic in a new variety regarding its physical environment and the existing varietal diversity. For a breeding program, well applied Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques or customer profiling results in better client orientation and makes possible efficient goal setting or product design. Successful PRA provides everything that could be included in the full design specification of a new crop variety

CARIOTIPO DE ADENOSCOLEX OREINI: PRIMER DATO CITOGENÉTICO DEL ORDEN CARYOPHYLLIDEA (CESTODA) DE ESPECIES DE SCHIZOTHORAX DEL VALLE DE KASHMIR, INDIA

Un cariotipo de Adenoscolex oreini Fotedar, 1958 (Capingentidae), un parásito céstodo de carpas, Kashir Gaad, Schizothorax niger (Cypriniformes) ha sido estudiado por primera vez. Consiste en un conjunto de cromosomas de 20 pares de cromosomas metacéntricos, submetacéntricos y acrocéntricos (2n = 20; n = 8m+1sm+1a). Todos los pares son pequeños, miden 1,86-7,22 μm. Parece que el número de cromosomas de A. oreini es mayor en comparación con la de los miembros de la familia Caryophyllaeidae. La variación en el tamaño de los más pequeños bivalentes y otros bivalentes indican que los cromosomas somáticos mostrarán una marcada variación en la longitud del cromosoma más largo y más corto en A. oreini. Hasta ahora nadie ha emprendido los estudios citológicos de este parásito y en la presente investigación se está divulgando su número cromosómico por primera vez

CROMOSOMAS Y CITOGENÉTICA DE HELMINTOS (TURBELLARIA, TREMATODA, CESTODA, NEMATODAYACANTHOCEPHALA)

En este artículo revisamos la literatura desde 1886 hasta 2014 y el estado actual del conocimiento de los cromosomas y la citogenética de todas las especies de las familias de turbellaria, trematoda, cestoda, nematoda y acanthocephala. Datos cariológicos son analizados y tabulados para 614 especies: 115 especies de turbellaria, 278 especies de trematoda, 117 especies de cestoda, 85 especies de nematoda y 19 especies de acantocephala. Los Turbelarios no son parásitos a excepción de unas pocas posibles excepciones y muestran una reducción gradual del número básico de cromosomas. Trematodes son numerosos requiriendo apuntar hacia los esfuerzos continuos en este campo de investigación. Los datos sobre los cromosomas se carecen para cestodos acetabulados de las órdenes: Litobothriidea, Lecanicephalidea, Cathetocephalidea, Rhinebothriidea y Tetrabothriidea

Efficacy of Various Treatment Modalities on Patientrelated Outcome in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients –A Retrospective Study

Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) began in China, in December 2019, and was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. The treatment is evolving and is mostly supportive in nature. Material and methods: This was a single-center retrospective study that included confirmed COVID-19 cases treated at our institute (a tertiary care hospital in Jammu and Kashmir, India), between March 2020 and December 2020. Patients with age more than 18 years were included in the study. Results: On evaluating the effect of various drug therapies used in management of COVID-19 patients of all severity, use of remdesivir and famotidine was associated with significantly higher odds of survival. In subgroup of patients with severe disease, use of systemic steroids was associated with significantly higher odds of survival in addition to remdesivir and famotidine. In patients with severe COVID-19 illness, likelihood of survival was significantly higher in those who received combination of systemic steroids plus remdesivir compared to steroids and remdesivir alone. Conclusion: Steroids were effective in severe COVID-19 illness and the combination of steroids and remdesivir was more effective in severe illness. There is a need to undertake more large scale prospective randomized trials to determine the most effective drug therapies to treat the sick patients and prevent worsening of mild cases

SSR markers in revealing extent of genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among chickpea core collection accessions for Western Himalayas

Background The exploration of genetic diversity is the key source of germplasm conservation and potential to broaden its genetic base. The globally growing demand for chickpea suggests superior/climate-resilient varieties, which in turn necessitates the germplasm characterization to unravel underlying genetic variation. Methodology and results A chickpea core collection comprising of diverse 192 accessions which include cultivated Cicer arietinum, and wild C. reticulatum, C. echinospermum, and C. microphyllum species were investigated to analyze their genetic diversity and relationship, by assaying 33 unlinked simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The results amplified a total of 323 alleles (Na), ranging from 2 to 8 with an average of 4.25 alleles per locus. Expected heterozygosity (He) differed from 0.46 to 0.86 with an average of 0.68. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.73 to 0.98 with an average of 0.89. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most of the variation was among individuals (87%). Cluster analysis resulted in the formation of four distinct clusters. Cluster I represented all cultivated and clusters II, III, and IV comprised a heterogeneous group of cultivated and wild chickpea accessions. Conclusion We report considerable diversity and greater resolving power of SSR markers for assessing variability and interrelationship among the chickpea accessions. The chickpea core is expected to be an efficient resource for breeders for broadening the chickpea genetic base and could be useful for selective breeding of desirable traits and in the identification of target genes for genomics-assisted breeding

Influence of Skew and Nonlinear Deck on Elastic versus Inelastic Distribution Behavior and Ultimate Capacity of Steel Girder Bridges

Research Objectives • Assessment of alternative load distribution methodologies for potential discrepancies that arise when evaluating distribution behavior of skewed steel girder bridges. • Investigate the influence of skew and material nonlinearities (concrete cracking and steel yielding) on • Load distribution behavior (elastic versus inelastic). • System capacities (yielding and ultimate). Summary and Conclusions • Influence of skew was examined on load distribution behavior, and nonlinear system-based capacities (yielding and ultimate) of composite steel girder bridges in presence of full material nonlinearities. In addition, assessment of two general definitions (beam-line and response fraction approaches) for quantifying load distribution behavior was performed for a range of skew variations on a validated in-service bridge model. • Response-based fractions (such as deflections, strains, curvatures and moments) have limited applicability at higher skews (≥ 30º), significantly biasing load effect distribution factors compared to the reference beam-line definition. • The propagation of concrete cracking results in a substantial increase in distribution factors at higher skews. For 60º skew, an increase up to 36% in distribution factor of girders relative to the uncracked elastic state was observed for the case study in-service bridge. • Load distribution factors decreased with increasing skew as load progressed from elastic to ultimate states. However, AASHTO LRFD based distribution factors were overly conservative in predicting distribution behavior at all load levels (on average 66% higher at elastic and 90% higher at ultimate for critical girder). • System-based ultimate capacity increased with skew, but the first yielding initiation load capacity was poorly correlated with skew despite the reduction of moment demands in girders