Qualidade e características sensoriais de manga osmoticamente desidratada com xaropes de açúcar invertido e a sacarose

A desidratação osmótica tem se tornado uma tecnologia cada vez mais usual no processamento de alimentos desidratados, por apresentar vantagens como a redução nas perdas de cor e sabor durante o tratamento térmico, inibição do escurecimento enzimático, prescindindo da adição de agentes sulfitantes, e principalmente economia no consumo de energia. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da utilização de xaropes de açúcar invertido e sacarose como agentes osmóticos na desidratação de manga. As condições utilizadas no processo de desidratação foram: relação xarope/fruto de 3:1(v/p); temperatura de 45ºC e agitação constante. Os frutos in natura e osmo-desidratados foram avaliados quanto ao pH, umidade, atividade de água (a a) e sólidos solúveis (ºBrix). Determinou-se a incorporação de sólidos e a perda de massa após o processo de desidratação. A aceitação sensorial dos frutos in natura e osmo-desidratados foi avaliada através de um teste com escala hedônica, para os atributos aroma, sabor, textura e aceitação global. A desidratação osmótica resultou na redução da umidade e da a a, no aumento do Brix e na manutenção do pH da manga. Os tratamentos com xarope de açúcar invertido ocasionaram mais alterações na umidade, na a a, no Brix, na incorporação de sólidos e na perda de massa comparado ao tratamento com xarope de sacarose. As mangas osmo-desidratadas com o xarope de açúcar invertido (55,3% de taxa de inversão) obtiveram uma aceitação semelhante às mangas in natura, tendo sido considerado o tratamento mais adequado para esse fim.Osmotic dehydration is becoming more popular as a complementary treatment in the processing of dehydrated foods, since it presents some advantages such as minimising heat damage to the colour and flavour, inhibiting enzymatic browning and thus dispensing the addition of sulphite and, mainly, reducing energy costs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using inverted sugar and sucrose syrups as osmotic agents in the dehydration of mango. The conditions used in the dehydration process were: syrup/fruit ratio of 3:1 (v/w); temperature of 45ºC and constant stirring. The in natura and osmo-dehydrated fruits were evaluated in relation to pH, moisture content, water activity (a w) and soluble solids (ºBrix). Solids incorporation and loss in mass after the dehydration process were also determined. The sensory acceptance of the in natura and osmo-dehydrated fruits was determined for the attributes of aroma, flavour, texture and overall acceptance using a hedonic scale. Osmotic dehydration resulted in a reduction in moisture content and water activity, an increase in Brix and maintenance of the pH. The treatment with inverted sugar syrup resulted in more significant alterations in moisture content, a w, Brix, solids incorporation and loss in mass than the treatment with sucrose syrup. Mangos osmo-dehydrated with inverted sugar (55.3% inversion rate) syrup obtained acceptance similar to in natura mangos, this treatment being considered the most adequate for dehydration purposes

Desenvolvimento de queijo minas frescal de leite de búfala com adição de L. acidophilus

Effective incorporation of a probiotic into foods requires the culture to remain viable all along processing and storage, without adverse alterations to sensory characteristics. The objective of this work was developing Minas-type fresh cheese with probiotic properties from buffalo milk. Four batches of Minas-type fresh cheese were prepared using buffalo milk: batch T1 in which neither culture nor lactic acid added; batch T3 in which only lactic acid added; batches T2 and T4 , both added of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC 4, but T4 was also acidified. Resulting cheeses were evaluated for probiotic culture stability, texture profile, sensory acceptance, and changes in pH. The T4 probiotic cheese presented hardness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly lower than the other treatments. However, values for springiness and cohesiveness did not differ between all cheeses, and no sensory differences (p >; 0.05) were found between treatments for texture, taste, and overall acceptance. The addition of probiotic to the acidified cheese (T4) yielded best aroma. The populations of L. acidophilus were greater than 10(6) CFU g-1 after 28 days of storage all products. Minas-type fresh cheese from buffalo milk is a suitable food for the delivery of L. acidophilus, since the culture remained viable during the shelf life of the products and did not negative affect analysed parameters.Para incorporação efetiva de probióticos em alimentos é imprescindível que a cultura mantenha-se viável durante todo o processamento e a estocagem e que não ocorram alterações adversas nas características sensoriais do produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver queijo Minas frescal com propriedades probióticas a partir do leite de búfala. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos (T1 a T4), sendo T1 e T3 controles, sem e com acidificação, respectivamente em T2 e T4 foram adicionados da cultura probiótica Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC 4), porém T4 foi também acidificado. Todos os queijos foram avaliados quanto ao perfil de textura, aceitação sensorial e evolução do pH. Nos queijos dos tratamentos T2 e T4 foi determinada a viabilidade da cultura probiótica, durante 28 dias de estocagem refrigerada. O tratamento T4 apresentou valores para dureza, gomosidade e mastigabilidade menores que aqueles obtidos para os demais tratamentos. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos (p >; 0.05) em relação à elasticidade, coesividade, assim como para os atributos textura, sabor e aceitação global. O tratamento adicionado de probiótico e ácido foi o melhor aceito em função do aroma. A população de L. acidophilus permaneceu maior que 10(6) UFC g-1 depois de 28 dias de estocagem mesmo no produto acidificado. Queijo Minas frescal de leite de búfala é um alimento adequado para incorporação de L. acidophilus, uma vez que esta cultura permaneceu viável no mesmo durante seu "shelf-life" e não interferiu negativamente nos parâmetros analisados

Technological Challenges for Spray Chilling Encapsulation of Functional Food Ingredients

Hlađenje se raspršivanjem (ili zamrzavanje raspršivanjem) već godinama detaljno proučava i upotrebljava u farmaceutici. U prehrambenoj industriji raste interes za primjenom ove tehnike, jer se pomoću nje mogu razviti funkcionalni prehrambeni proizvodi. Pri hlađenju se raspršivanjem sastojak dodaje u otopljeni lipidni nosač, a dobivena se smjesa raspršuje kroz mlaznicu atomizatora. Kada raspršeni materijal dođe u kontakt s okolinom, koja je ohlađena na temperaturu nižu od tališta nosača, sastojak se zgušnjava zbog izmjene topline između otopljenog materijala i hladnoga zraka, pri čemu nastaju čvrste lipidne mikročestice. Tehnologija se temelji na uporabi lipidnih nosača, kao što su voskovi i masti (npr. palmino ulje, pčelinji vosak, kakao maslac i ulje palminih koštica). Enkapsuliranjem se može promijeniti funkcionalnost, smanjiti higroskopnost, prikriti miris i okus, promijeniti topljivost sastojka te osigurati njegova zaštita, pri čemu se omogućuje kontrolirano otpuštanje aktivne komponente. Ova se jeftina tehnologija može relativno jednostavno koristiti i u industrijskim omjerima, a ne zahtijeva primjenu organskih otapala i povišene temperature. Enkapsulacija hlađenjem pomoću raspršivanja može ubrzati razvoj i proizvodnju funkcionalne i obogaćene hrane, jer može riješiti neke tehnološke probleme vezane uz uporabu sastojaka velike reaktivnosti i male stabilnosti.Spray chilling technology (also known as spray cooling and spray congealing technology) has been widely studied and used in the pharmaceutical field. In the food industry, this technique is gaining interest and can become useful because functional food formulations can be developed. Spray chilling is a fat-based system, which involves the addition of the component of interest to a molten lipid carrier, and the resulting mixture is fed through an atomiser nozzle. When the nebulised material is put into contact with the environment, which is cooled below the melting point of the matrix material, the vehicle solidifies (due to heat exchange between the molten material and cold air), and solid lipid microparticles are formed at the same time. This technology is fat based, and lipid carriers, such as wax and oil (e.g. palm oil, beeswax, cocoa butter, and kernel oil) can be used. This encapsulation technique can potentially change the functionality, reduce the hygroscopicity, mask taste or odour, change solubility, and provide physical protection in addition to allowing the controlled release of these ingredients. This low-cost technology is relatively simple to apply and scale up, and it does not require the use of organic solvents and the application of high temperatures in the process. Therefore, spray chilling encapsulation may facilitate the development and production of functional and enriched foods as it may solve some technological problems associated with the use of certain ingredients, such as those that have high reactivity and low stability

Qualidade e características sensoriais de manga osmoticamente desidratada com xaropes de açúcar invertido e a sacarose

Osmotic dehydration is becoming more popular as a complementary treatment in the processing of dehydrated foods, since it presents some advantages such as minimising heat damage to the colour and flavour, inhibiting enzymatic browning and thus dispensing the addition of sulphite and, mainly, reducing energy costs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of using inverted sugar and sucrose syrups as osmotic agents in the dehydration of mango. The conditions used in the dehydration process were: syrup/fruit ratio of 3:1 (v/w); temperature of 45ºC and constant stirring. The in natura and osmo-dehydrated fruits were evaluated in relation to pH, moisture content, water activity (a w) and soluble solids (ºBrix). Solids incorporation and loss in mass after the dehydration process were also determined. The sensory acceptance of the in natura and osmo-dehydrated fruits was determined for the attributes of aroma, flavour, texture and overall acceptance using a hedonic scale. Osmotic dehydration resulted in a reduction in moisture content and water activity, an increase in Brix and maintenance of the pH. The treatment with inverted sugar syrup resulted in more significant alterations in moisture content, a w, Brix, solids incorporation and loss in mass than the treatment with sucrose syrup. Mangos osmo-dehydrated with inverted sugar (55.3% inversion rate) syrup obtained acceptance similar to in natura mangos, this treatment being considered the most adequate for dehydration purposes.A desidratação osmótica tem se tornado uma tecnologia cada vez mais usual no processamento de alimentos desidratados, por apresentar vantagens como a redução nas perdas de cor e sabor durante o tratamento térmico, inibição do escurecimento enzimático, prescindindo da adição de agentes sulfitantes, e principalmente economia no consumo de energia. Este trabalho avaliou o efeito da utilização de xaropes de açúcar invertido e sacarose como agentes osmóticos na desidratação de manga. As condições utilizadas no processo de desidratação foram: relação xarope/fruto de 3:1(v/p); temperatura de 45ºC e agitação constante. Os frutos in natura e osmo-desidratados foram avaliados quanto ao pH, umidade, atividade de água (a a) e sólidos solúveis (ºBrix). Determinou-se a incorporação de sólidos e a perda de massa após o processo de desidratação. A aceitação sensorial dos frutos in natura e osmo-desidratados foi avaliada através de um teste com escala hedônica, para os atributos aroma, sabor, textura e aceitação global. A desidratação osmótica resultou na redução da umidade e da a a, no aumento do Brix e na manutenção do pH da manga. Os tratamentos com xarope de açúcar invertido ocasionaram mais alterações na umidade, na a a, no Brix, na incorporação de sólidos e na perda de massa comparado ao tratamento com xarope de sacarose. As mangas osmo-desidratadas com o xarope de açúcar invertido (55,3% de taxa de inversão) obtiveram uma aceitação semelhante às mangas in natura, tendo sido considerado o tratamento mais adequado para esse fim

Development and characterization of solid lipid microparticles loaded with ascorbic acid and produced by spray congealing

The aimof this work was to produce solid lipid microparticles loaded with ascorbic acid (AA). The microparticles were produced using spray congealing technique with a theoretical AA loading of 15, 25 or 40% (w/w). Fully hydrogenated palm oil and vegetable glycerol monostearate were used as carriers. The microparticles were characterized in terms of yield, morphology (SEM), mean size, size distribution, thermal behavior (DSC), encapsulation efficiency and stability of AA. The microparticles were spherical, the process yield was over 81% and the encapsulation efficiency ranged from 74 to 84%. The stability of the encapsulated AA was over 75% after 56 days of storage. The type of carrier, the AA concentration and the storage temperature did not significantly influence the stability. In conclusion microencapsulation by spray congealing is an important alternative to ensure AA stability, even at temperatures higher than those commonly used in food storage

Minas-type fresh cheese developed from buffalo milk with addition of L. acidophilus Desenvolvimento de queijo minas frescal de leite de búfala com adição de L. acidophilus

Effective incorporation of a probiotic into foods requires the culture to remain viable all along processing and storage, without adverse alterations to sensory characteristics. The objective of this work was developing Minas-type fresh cheese with probiotic properties from buffalo milk. Four batches of Minas-type fresh cheese were prepared using buffalo milk: batch T1 in which neither culture nor lactic acid added; batch T3 in which only lactic acid added; batches T2 and T4 , both added of Lactobacillus acidophilus LAC 4, but T4 was also acidified. Resulting cheeses were evaluated for probiotic culture stability, texture profile, sensory acceptance, and changes in pH. The T4 probiotic cheese presented hardness, gumminess, and chewiness significantly lower than the other treatments. However, values for springiness and cohesiveness did not differ between all cheeses, and no sensory differences (p > 0.05) were found between treatments for texture, taste, and overall acceptance. The addition of probiotic to the acidified cheese (T4) yielded best aroma. The populations of L. acidophilus were greater than 10(6) CFU g-1 after 28 days of storage all products. Minas-type fresh cheese from buffalo milk is a suitable food for the delivery of L. acidophilus, since the culture remained viable during the shelf life of the products and did not negative affect analysed parameters.<br>Para incorporação efetiva de probióticos em alimentos é imprescindível que a cultura mantenha-se viável durante todo o processamento e a estocagem e que não ocorram alterações adversas nas características sensoriais do produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver queijo Minas frescal com propriedades probióticas a partir do leite de búfala. Foram avaliados quatro tratamentos (T1 a T4), sendo T1 e T3 controles, sem e com acidificação, respectivamente em T2 e T4 foram adicionados da cultura probiótica Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAC 4), porém T4 foi também acidificado. Todos os queijos foram avaliados quanto ao perfil de textura, aceitação sensorial e evolução do pH. Nos queijos dos tratamentos T2 e T4 foi determinada a viabilidade da cultura probiótica, durante 28 dias de estocagem refrigerada. O tratamento T4 apresentou valores para dureza, gomosidade e mastigabilidade menores que aqueles obtidos para os demais tratamentos. Não houve diferenças entre os tratamentos (p > 0.05) em relação à elasticidade, coesividade, assim como para os atributos textura, sabor e aceitação global. O tratamento adicionado de probiótico e ácido foi o melhor aceito em função do aroma. A população de L. acidophilus permaneceu maior que 10(6) UFC g-1 depois de 28 dias de estocagem mesmo no produto acidificado. Queijo Minas frescal de leite de búfala é um alimento adequado para incorporação de L. acidophilus, uma vez que esta cultura permaneceu viável no mesmo durante seu "shelf-life" e não interferiu negativamente nos parâmetros analisados

Combination of Spray-Chilling and Spray-Drying Techniques to Protect Carotenoid-Rich Extracts from Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) Byproducts, Aiming at the Production of a Powdered Natural Food Dye

Reducing waste, using byproducts, and natural food additives are important sustainability trends. In this context, the aim of this study was to produce and evaluate a natural food dye, extracted from pumpkin byproducts, powdered and protected by spray-chilling (SC) and a combination of spray-drying and spray-chilling techniques (SDC). The extract was obtained using ethanol as solvent; vegetable fat and gum Arabic were used as carriers. Formulations were prepared with the following core:carrier ratios: SC 20 (20:80), SC 30 (30:70), SC 40 (40:60), SDC 5 (5:95), SDC 10 (10:90), and SDC 15 (15:85). The physicochemical properties of the formed microparticles were characterised, and their storage stability was evaluated over 90 days. The microparticles exhibited colour variation and size increase over time. SDC particles exhibited the highest encapsulation efficiency (95.2&ndash;100.8%) and retention of carotenoids in the storage period (60.8&ndash;89.7%). Considering the carotenoid content and its stability, the optimal formulation for each process was selected for further analysis. All of the processes and formulations produced spherical particles that were heterogeneous in size. SDC particles exhibited the highest oxidative stability index and the highest carotenoid release in the intestinal phase (32.6%). The use of combined microencapsulation technologies should be considered promising to protect carotenoid compounds

Encapsulation of Rich-Carotenoids Extract from Guaran&aacute; (Paullinia cupana) Byproduct by a Combination of Spray Drying and Spray Chilling

Guaran&aacute; byproducts are rich in carotenoids, featuring strong antioxidant capacity and health-promoting benefits. However, these compounds are highly susceptible to oxidation and isomerization, which limits their applications in foods. This research aimed to encapsulate the carotenoid-rich extract from reddish guaran&aacute; peels by spray drying (SD), chilling (SC), and their combination (SDC) using gum arabic and vegetable fat as carriers. The carotenoid-rich extract was analyzed as a control, and the formulations were prepared with the following core&ndash;carrier ratios: SD20 (20:80), SD25 (25:75), SD33 (33:67), SC20 (20:80), SC30 (30:70), SC40 (40:60), SDC10 (10:90), and SDC20 (20:80). The physicochemical properties of the formed microparticles were characterized, and their storage stability was evaluated over 90 days. Water activity of microparticles formed during the SD process increased during storage, whereas those formed by SC and SDC processes showed no changes in water activity. The formed microparticles exhibited color variation and size increase over time. Carotenoid degradation of the microparticles was described by zero-order kinetics for most treatments. Considering the higher carotenoid content and its stability, the optimum formulation for each process was selected to further analysis. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the spherical shape and absence of cracks on the microparticle surface, as well as size heterogeneity. SD increased the stability to oxidation of the carotenoid-rich extract by at least 52-fold, SC by threefold, and SDC by 545-fold. Analysis of the thermophysical properties suggested that the carrier and the process of encapsulation influence the powder&rsquo;s thermal resistance. Water sorption data of the SDC microparticles depended on the blend of the carrier agents used in the process. Carotenoid encapsulation via an innovative combination of spray drying and spray chilling processes offers technological benefits, which could be applied as a promising alternative to protect valuable bioactive compounds

Evaluation of the viability and the preservation of the functionality of microencapsulated Lactobacillus paracasei BGP1 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 64 in lipid particles coated by polymer electrostatic interaction

This study aimed to evaluate the resistance, viability, and functionality of two strains of probiotics immobilizedin solid lipid microparticles covered by a complex of gelatin and gum Arabic. Microcapsules were evaluatedregarding their size, morphology, and resistance under stress conditions. Encapsulated microorganisms wereevaluated concerning during storage for 120 days. Additionally, the effect of encapsulation on the functionalityof the microorganisms was investigated using an in vivo assay. Microcapsules had sizes around 80 μm and extreme pH and temperature of 50 °C destabilized them. Encapsulation improved the stability of these microorganisms in the presence of salt and in gastrointestinal conditions. Encapsulated microorganisms maintainedtheir viability during storage and the dosage of S-IgA and cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in miceindicated that encapsulated microorganisms maintained their functionality. Therefore, the microencapsulationtechnique may be promising for the improvement of the viability of probiotics under adverse conditions withoutcompromising their immunomodulating capacity.Fil: Matos-Jr, Fernando Eustáquio. Faculdade de Zootecnia E Engenharia de Alimentos; BrasilFil: Silva, Marluci Palazzolli. Faculdade de Zootecnia E Engenharia de Alimentos; BrasilFil: Kasemodel, Marcia Gabriela Consiglio. Faculdade de Zootecnia E Engenharia de Alimentos; BrasilFil: Santos, Tizá Teles. Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz; BrasilFil: Burns, Patricia Graciela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Reinheimer, Jorge Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Vinderola, Celso Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Lactología Industrial. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Lactología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Favaro-Trindade, Carmen Sílvia. Faculdade de Zootecnia E Engenharia de Alimentos; Brasi