4 research outputs found

    Apprentissage sur des données biomédicales incomplÚtes : guider la partition vers de l'information pronostique

    No full text
    The topic of this thesis is partition learning analyses in the context of incomplete data. Two methodological development are presented, with two medical and biomedical applications. The first methodological development concerns the implementation of unsupervised partition learning in the presence of incomplete data. Two types of incomplete data were considered: missing data and left-censored data (that is, values “lower than some detection threshold"), and handled through multiple imputation (MI) framework. Multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE) was used to perform tailored imputations for each type of incomplete data. Then, for each imputed dataset, unsupervised learning was performed, with a data-based selected number of clusters. Last, a consensus clustering algorithm was used to pool the partitions, as an alternative to Rubin's rules. The second methodological development concerns the implementation of semisupervised partition learning in an incomplete dataset, to combine data structure and patient survival. This aimed at identifying patient profiles that relate both to differences in the group structure extracted from the data, and in the patients' prognosis. The supervised (prognostic value) and unsupervised (group structure) objectives were combined through Pareto multi-objective optimization. Missing data were handled, as above, through MI, with Rubin's rules used to combine the supervised and unsupervised objectives across the imputations, and the optimal partitions pooled using consensus clustering. Two applications are provided, one on the immunological landscape of the breast tumor microenvironment and another on the COVID-19 infection in the context of a hematological disease.Cette thĂšse porte sur l'apprentissage de partitions dans un contexte de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes. Deux dĂ©veloppements mĂ©thodologiques sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, ainsi que des applications dans le domaine biomĂ©dical. La premiĂšre mĂ©thode dĂ©veloppĂ©e permet, en prĂ©sence de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes, un apprentissage de partitions non supervisĂ©. Deux types de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes ont Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s : des donnĂ©es manquantes et des donnĂ©es censurĂ©es Ă  gauche (dont la valeur est « infĂ©rieure Ă  un seuil de dĂ©tection »). La problĂ©matique des donnĂ©es incomplĂštes a Ă©tĂ© prise en compte par imputation multiple (MI). Pour permettre une imputation adaptĂ©e au type de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes de chaque variable la mĂ©thode par Ă©quations chainĂ©es (MICE) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e. L’apprentissage de partitions non supervisĂ© a ensuite Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur chaque jeu de donnĂ©es imputĂ©. Pour finir, les partitions obtenues ont Ă©tĂ© combinĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un clustering par consensus. La deuxiĂšme mĂ©thode, semi-supervisĂ©e, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour permettre de surcroĂźt l’utilisation d’une composante supervisĂ©e, Ă  savoir le dĂ©lai de survie, tout en permettant l’application Ă  des donnĂ©es incomplĂštes. Cette mĂ©thode a ainsi permis d’identifier des profils de patients qui se distinguent d'une part selon la structure de groupes qui se dĂ©gage des donnĂ©es et d'autre part, selon le pronostic des patients. Cette mĂ©thode utilise l’optimisation multi-objectifs de Pareto. L’adaptation aux donnĂ©es incomplĂštes a Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©e de maniĂšre similaire au dĂ©veloppement prĂ©cĂ©dent, par imputation multiple et clustering par consensus. Enfin, deux propositions d'applications sont incluses. Elles concernent d'une part la composante immunologique du microenvironnement tumoral dans le cancer du sein, et d'autre part l’infection COVID-19 dans le contexte d’une maladie hĂ©matologique

    Apprentissage sur des données biomédicales incomplÚtes : guider la partition vers de l'information pronostique

    No full text
    Cette thĂšse porte sur l'apprentissage de partitions dans un contexte de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes. Deux dĂ©veloppements mĂ©thodologiques sont prĂ©sentĂ©s, ainsi que des applications dans le domaine biomĂ©dical. La premiĂšre mĂ©thode dĂ©veloppĂ©e permet, en prĂ©sence de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes, un apprentissage de partitions non supervisĂ©. Deux types de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes ont Ă©tĂ© considĂ©rĂ©s : des donnĂ©es manquantes et des donnĂ©es censurĂ©es Ă  gauche (dont la valeur est « infĂ©rieure Ă  un seuil de dĂ©tection »). La problĂ©matique des donnĂ©es incomplĂštes a Ă©tĂ© prise en compte par imputation multiple (MI). Pour permettre une imputation adaptĂ©e au type de donnĂ©es incomplĂštes de chaque variable la mĂ©thode par Ă©quations chainĂ©es (MICE) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e. L’apprentissage de partitions non supervisĂ© a ensuite Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e sur chaque jeu de donnĂ©es imputĂ©. Pour finir, les partitions obtenues ont Ă©tĂ© combinĂ©es Ă  l’aide d’un clustering par consensus. La deuxiĂšme mĂ©thode, semi-supervisĂ©e, a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e pour permettre de surcroĂźt l’utilisation d’une composante supervisĂ©e, Ă  savoir le dĂ©lai de survie, tout en permettant l’application Ă  des donnĂ©es incomplĂštes. Cette mĂ©thode a ainsi permis d’identifier des profils de patients qui se distinguent d'une part selon la structure de groupes qui se dĂ©gage des donnĂ©es et d'autre part, selon le pronostic des patients. Cette mĂ©thode utilise l’optimisation multi-objectifs de Pareto. L’adaptation aux donnĂ©es incomplĂštes a Ă©tĂ© traitĂ©e de maniĂšre similaire au dĂ©veloppement prĂ©cĂ©dent, par imputation multiple et clustering par consensus. Enfin, deux propositions d'applications sont incluses. Elles concernent d'une part la composante immunologique du microenvironnement tumoral dans le cancer du sein, et d'autre part l’infection COVID-19 dans le contexte d’une maladie hĂ©matologique.The topic of this thesis is partition learning analyses in the context of incomplete data. Two methodological development are presented, with two medical and biomedical applications. The first methodological development concerns the implementation of unsupervised partition learning in the presence of incomplete data. Two types of incomplete data were considered: missing data and left-censored data (that is, values “lower than some detection threshold"), and handled through multiple imputation (MI) framework. Multivariate imputation by chained equation (MICE) was used to perform tailored imputations for each type of incomplete data. Then, for each imputed dataset, unsupervised learning was performed, with a data-based selected number of clusters. Last, a consensus clustering algorithm was used to pool the partitions, as an alternative to Rubin's rules. The second methodological development concerns the implementation of semisupervised partition learning in an incomplete dataset, to combine data structure and patient survival. This aimed at identifying patient profiles that relate both to differences in the group structure extracted from the data, and in the patients' prognosis. The supervised (prognostic value) and unsupervised (group structure) objectives were combined through Pareto multi-objective optimization. Missing data were handled, as above, through MI, with Rubin's rules used to combine the supervised and unsupervised objectives across the imputations, and the optimal partitions pooled using consensus clustering. Two applications are provided, one on the immunological landscape of the breast tumor microenvironment and another on the COVID-19 infection in the context of a hematological disease

    PD-L1 and ICOSL discriminate human Secretory and Helper dendritic cells in cancer, allergy and autoimmunity

    No full text
    International audienceAbstract Dendritic cells (DC) are traditionally classified according to their ontogeny and their ability to induce T cell response to antigens, however, the phenotypic and functional state of these cells in cancer does not necessarily align to the conventional categories. Here we show, by using 16 different stimuli in vitro that activated DCs in human blood are phenotypically and functionally dichotomous, and pure cultures of type 2 conventional dendritic cells acquire these states (termed Secretory and Helper) upon appropriate stimuli. PD-L1highICOSLlow Secretory DCs produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but induce very low levels of T helper (Th) cytokines following co-culturing with T cells. Conversely, PD-L1lowICOSLhigh Helper DCs produce low levels of secreted factors but induce high levels and a broad range of Th cytokines. Secretory DCs bear a single-cell transcriptomic signature indicative of mature migratory LAMP3+ DCs associated with cancer and inflammation. Secretory DCs are linked to good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to response to checkpoint blockade in Melanoma. Hence, the functional dichotomy of DCs we describe has both fundamental and translational implications in inflammation and immunotherapy

    Negative Relationship between Post-Treatment Stromal Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte (TIL) and Survival in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Dose-Dense Dose-Intense NeoAdjuvant Chemotherapy

    No full text
    Background: Patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) have a poor prognosis unless a pathological complete response (pCR) is achieved after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Few studies have analyzed changes in TIL levels following dose-dense dose-intense (dd-di) NAC. Patients and methods: From 2009 to 2018, 117 patients with TNBC received dd-di NAC at our institution. We aimed to identify factors associated with pre- and post-NAC TIL levels, and oncological outcomes relapse-free survival (RFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: Median pre-NAC and post-NAC TIL levels were 15% and 3%, respectively. Change in TIL levels with treatment was significantly correlated with metabolic response (SUV) and pCR. High post-NAC TIL levels were associated with a weak metabolic response after two cycles of NAC, with the presence of residual disease and nodal involvement at NAC completion. In multivariate analyses, high post-NAC TIL levels independently predicted poor RFS and poor OS (HR = 1.4 per 10% increment, 95%CI (1.1; 1.9) p = 0.014 and HR = 1.8 per 10% increment 95%CI (1.3–2.3), p < 0.0001, respectively). Conclusion: Our results suggest that TNBC patients with TIL enrichment after NAC are at higher risk of relapse. These patients are potential candidates for adjuvant treatment, such as immunotherapy, in clinical trials
    corecore