Особенности перевода фразеологических единиц

The peculiarities of the phraseological units’ translationВ статье рассмотрены основные способы и приёмы перевода фразеологизмов с исходного языка на язык перевода. Подчёркнуто значение личности переводчика при выполнении перевода

All-inorganic core-shell silica-titania mesoporous colloidal nanoparticles showing orthogonal functionality

Colloidal mesoporous silica (CMS) nanoparticles with a thin titania-enriched outer shell showing a spatially resolved functionality were synthesized by a delayed co-condensation approach. The titaniashell can serve as a selective nucleation site for the growth of nanocrystalline anatase clusters. These fully inorganic pure silica-core titania-enriched shell mesoporous nanoparticles show orthogonal functionality, demonstrated through the selective adsorption of a carboxylate-containing ruthenium N3-dye. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy indicate the strong interaction of the N3-dye with the titania-phase at the outer shell of the CMS nanoparticles. In particular, this interaction and thus the selective functionalization are greatly enhanced when anatase nanocrystallites are nucleated at the titania-enriched shell surface

Thick titania films with hierarchical porosity assembled from ultrasmall titania nanoparticles as photoanodes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Thin mesoporous titania films prepared by surfactant templating feature some of the highest light conversion efficiencies per thickness ratios as anodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). However, the fabrication of thicker films required for sufficient light absorption is very challenging using this approach, often resulting in cracking and delamination of the films. Here we present a simple and scalable method to prepare thick mesoporous titania photoanodes via a surfactant-directed assembly of crystalline ultrasmall TiO2 nanoparticles in combination with phase separation due to ethyl cellulose added to the coating solutions. Along with increasing film thickness, the ethyl cellulose introduces an interpenetrating macropore network into the films, leading to the formation of hierarchical porous films with bimodal porosity, with the smaller mesopores resulting from the structure-directing agent, Pluronic F127. In this way, films of up to 2 mm per layer without delamination can be produced, exhibiting a high surface area of 130 m(2) g(-1), about twice the value of films based on standard TiO2 nanoparticle paste. The preparation of multilayer films by a sequential spin-coating and calcination procedure enables the production of films with an overall thickness of up to 10 mm in only 5 steps, which showed high efficiencies of 7.7% in dye-sensitized solar cells

Arabic loanwords in Tatar and Swahili: Morphological assimilation

© the author(s). This article deals with the analysis of the morphological assimilation of Arabic loanwords into Tatar, Altai language family, and Swahili, Bantu language family. The urgency of this review is caused by the fact that the formation of both Tatar and Swahili was influenced by Arabic, which had profoundly influenced them in religious, scientific, cultural and economic aspects. In this paper we apply the comparative approach that is aimed at finding isomorphic and allomorphic features in the languages studied and identifying their peculiarities in the process of Arabic vocabulary assimilation. The morphological assimilation of Arabic loanwords into these languages is realized by verbal nouns, participles, nouns denoting place and action. One of the isomorphic features of the recipient languages is the absence of the category of gender both in Tatar and Swahili; among the allomorphic peculiarities are postposition of adjectives after nouns in Swahili and the use of compound verbs with Arabic nouns as their stems in Tatar. The results of the research will contribute to the loanword studies in these unrelated languages

Li Insertion into Li-Ti-O Spinels: Voltammetric and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Study

The insertion of Li into nanocrystalline Li-Ti-O spinel electrodes was studied using cyclic voltammetry combined with electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, open circuit potential measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. Insertion characteristics of spinel were compared with those of titania polymorphs. The insertion into spinel occurs at potential 300 mV more negative to that of insertion into anatase, and about 40 mV positive to that into rutile. The specific capacity (160 mAh/g) is comparable with that of TiO2 polymorphs. Due to the relatively negative potential of the insertion and significantly lower tendency to self-discharge, Li-Ti-O spinel is more convenient for use in a 2 V lithium-ion battery than are other active phases in the Li-Ti-O system. The behavior of the spinel electrodes in equilibrium can be described by the Frumkin insertion isotherm model. The value of interaction parameter, g, below -4 indicates that the insertion process leads to a first-order phase transition. Diffusion coefficient of Li in spinel ranges between 10-15 and 10-16 cm2 s-1; the charge transfer kinetics depends on the redox composition. Heterogeneous rate constant ranges between 1 × 10-8 and 4 × 10-10 cm s-1 that is ca. two orders of magnitude higher than that reported for anatase. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/1.1392321] All rights reserved

Factors and conditions for development of domestic tourism

The world practice shows that one of the basic mechanisms of expanding the resource base and mobilizing unused reserves for economic development, improvement of the management efficiency of state and municipal property is a public-private partnership. This paper deals with the practical experience of effective organizational, economic and legal instrument in the Republic of Tatarstan. We have analyzed in details the regional peculiarities of using PPPs in key sectors of the economy, and also in the infrastructure sectors. From an economic standpoint, the PPP is seen as a way to enhance the socio-economic efficiency of the municipal authorities and the business community in the region, as well as their investment attractiveness and competitiveness. Tourism in the Russian Federation refers to one of the priority sectors of the economy. Prospects for domestic tourism are less distant than those for inbound tourism to non-central areas, which are the centers of business and industrial infrastructure of the country. For this reason, one of the main potential sources for replenishment of budget of small, mono-industry towns and cities without an extensive social infrastructure can be revenues from domestic tourism. This raises a relevant question of the source of financing the development of domestic tourism in the cities with deficit in budget. Therefore, the role of the state in the regulation of this sphere of activity is indispensable

The formation of paroemiology in Russia and Germany

The article ascertains the sources of paroemiology-an independent philological discipline which studies paroemiological units (proverbs, sayings, country lore, riddles, etc.). The question of whether it is lawful to consider paroemiology an independent field of philology became topical due to the fact that many new investigations of proverbs, sayings and set phrases appear. The article contains a review of literature about Russian and German paroemiology and paroemiography. Besides, the authors ground the independence of paroemiological level, define paroemia and describe main approaches to studying paroemiae. © IDOSI Publications, 2014