On microstructure and corrosion behaviour of AlSi10Mg alloy fabricated by direct metal laser sintering

Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is an additive manufacturing technique that creates near-net-shape functional components by selectively melting metal powders in two dimensions layer by layer using a high power laser as a heat source. The current thesis details (i) the corrosion behavior and microstructure of DMLS-AlSi10Mg_200C versus die cast A360.1 aluminum, confirming that the corrosion resistance of the alloy processed through DMLS was significantly better than the cast counterpart, (ii) effects of surface finishing procedure, i.e. grinding, polishing, and sandblasting, on corrosion behavior of DMLS-AlSi10Mg_200C Alloy vs die-cast A360.1 aluminum, highlighting a better corrosion resistance of DMLS-AlSi10Mg_200C than its cast counterpart with similar surface finish, and (iii) the microstructure and corrosion behaviour of AlSi10Mg alloy with low surface roughness fabricated by direct metal laser sintering, elucidating the dominant impact of the alloy’s microstructure on controlling the electrochemical performance of the as-printed samples than their surface roughness

Перинатология. Настоящее и будущее

На основании обобщения многолетнего собственного опыта автора, данных литературы и результатов работы Московского центра планирования семьи и репродукции освещены актуальные проблемы перинатологии от пренатального периода до постнатальной охраны здоровья плода. Сделано заключение о необходимости и возможности создания стандартов в области лечебных мероприятий и тактики ведения родов при осложнениях.Basing on the generalization of many−year experience as well as the data of the literature and results of the work of Moscow Center for Family Planning and Reproduction, the author features the urgent issues of perinatology from prenatal period to postnatal health protection. The author concludes about the necessity and possibility to create the standards in the field of therapeutic measures and management tactics in complicated delivery

Nanoliposomal formulation of Agrostemma githago aqueous extract shows enhanced cytotoxic effect on gastric cancer cell line

Objective(s): The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effects of nanoliposomal form of lyophilized aqueous extract of Agrostemma githago (A. githago) seeds on gastric cancer cell line (AGS) using cell viability tests. Materials and Methods: Lyophilized aqueous extract of A. githago seeds was prepared. Liposomes were also prepared by thin-film hydration method and their stability and size were characterized by SEM. The size and zeta potential were determined by Malvern Zetasizer. Cytotoxic effects of nanoliposomes on gastric cancer cell line was determined using MTT, Neutral Red and Frame methods. Results: The size of liposomes was around 171.5 nm with proper dispersion (PDI=0.268). The morphology of the liposomes was suitable according to SEM images. The IC50 values indicated that the nanoliposomal form of extract was 3-4 times more active than extract alone. Average IC50 values for extract and liposomal form of extract were 13.02 ± 0.95 and 4.43 ± 1.49 ug/ml, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that liposomal form of aqueous extract of A. githago seeds exerts cytotoxic effect at significantly lower concentrations than the extract itself

Supply Chain Optimization Considering Sustainability Aspects

Supply chain optimization concerns the improvement of the performance and efficiency of the manufacturing and distribution supply chain by making the best use of resources. In the context of supply chain optimization, scheduling has always been a challenging task for experts, especially when considering a distributed manufacturing system (DMS). The present study aims to tackle the supply chain scheduling problem in a DMS while considering two essential sustainability aspects, namely environmental and economic. The economic aspect is addressed by optimizing the total delivery time of order, transportation cost, and production cost while optimizing environmental pollution and the quality of products contribute to the environmental aspect. To cope with the problem, it is mathematically formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Due to the complexity of the problem, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) named GA-TOPKOR is proposed. The algorithm is a combination of GA and TOPKOR, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques. To assess the efficiency of GA-TOPKOR, it is applied to a real-life case study and a set of test problems. The solutions obtained by the algorithm are compared against the traditional GA and the optimum solutions obtained from the MILP model. The results of comparisons collectively show the efficiency of the GA-TOPKOR. Analysis of results also revealed that using the TOPKOR technique in the selection operator of GA significantly improves its performance.CC BY 4.0Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +98-233-365-4275</p

Specific Streptomyces strain enhances the growth, defensive mechanism, and fruit quality of cucumber by minimizing its fertilizer consumption

Abstract Background The required amounts of chemical fertilizers (NPK) are determined by plant yield, and product quality is given less consideration. The use of PGPRs is an environmentally friendly approach that, in addition to increasing yield, also improves fruit quality. This study examined the role of specific Streptomyces strains in aiding cucumber plants to 1) use fewer NPK fertilizers in the same quantity 2) improve the quality of cucumber fruit, and 3) promote growth and defense system. Results In this study, the effect of 17 Streptomyces strains on the vegetative traits of cucumber seedlings of the Sultan cultivar was evaluated as the first test. Four strains of Streptomyces with the highest root and shoot dry weight were selected from the strains. This experiment was performed to determine the interaction effect of selected strains and different amounts of NPK on cucumber yield, quality, physiological and biochemical responses of plants. The first experiment’s results revealed that strains IC6, Y7, SS12, and SS14 increased significantly in all traits compared to the control, while the other strains dramatically improved several characteristics. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences between the effect of strains, NPK concentrations, and their interactions on plant traits. The treatments containing 75% NPK + SS12, yielded the most fruit (40% more than the inoculated control). Antioxidant enzymes assay showed that SS12 substantially increased the activity of POX, PPO, and the expression of the genes related to these two enzymes. Hormone assay utilizing HPLC analysis revealed that various strains employ a specific mechanism to improve the immune system of plants. Conclusions Treatment with strain SS12 led to the production of cucumbers with the highest quality by reducing the amount of nitrate, and soluble sugars and increasing the amount of antioxidants and firmness compared to other treatments. A specific Streptomyces strain could reduce 25% of NPK fertilizer during the vegetative and reproductive growth period. Moreover, this strain protected plants against possible pathogens and adverse environmental factors through the ISR and SAR systems

Generation of hydrolysates from rice bran proteins using a combined ultrasonication-Alcalase hydrolysis treatment

Hydrolysis of rice bran protein (RBP) using a physical-enzymatic combined method (ultrasound-Alcalase) was carried out. The RBP was extracted using an ultrasound-aided alkaline extraction method and then the extract was hydrolysed. Furthermore, ultrasounication was used prior to Alcalase hydrolysis (pH 8.5, 10 min, 55 ◦C). Two variables were considered to operate the ultrasonication: power (50, 100 and 150 w) and duration of the treatment (10, 25 and 40 min). The results showed that the degree of hydrolysis (DH%) was increased with increasing the power and the duration. The highest DH (27.35 ± 0.45%) was associated with the hydrolysates obtained by ultrasonication (150 w, 40 min)-Alcalase combined treatment. The optimal condition for the ultrasonication was found at 50 w-10 min, where the bioactive peptides (BAPs) had the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH• ) scavenging activity (86.55 ± 1.17%) and lipase inhibitory activity (57.57 ± 0.91%). The hydrolysates obtained at the optimized condition were studied in terms of physicochemical and structural properties. The mass distribution of the materials was studied using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showing a lower molecular weight proteins and peptides for all generated hydrolysates compared to non-hydrolysed samples. The results were in agreement with the results of DH analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Ultrasonication enhanced the effect of enzyme hydrolysis by affecting the structure of the proteins. This was confirmed by the structural investigation using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry. Using ultrasound in different conditions prior to enzymatic hydrolysis influenced in the biological properties of the BAPs generated from RBP

Table_1_Monoclonal antibodies in cervical malignancy-related HPV.docx

Despite many efforts to treat HPV infection, cervical cancer survival is still poor for several reasons, including resistance to chemotherapy and relapse. Numerous treatments such as surgery, radiation therapy, immune cell-based therapies, siRNA combined with various drugs, and immunotherapy are being studied and performed to provide the best treatment. Depending on the stage and size of the tumor, methods such as radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, or chemotherapy can be utilized to treat cervical cancer. While accepted, these treatments lead to interruptions in cellular pathways and immune system homeostasis. In addition to a low survival rate, cervical neoplasm incidence has been rising significantly. However, new strategies have been proposed to increase patient survival while reducing the toxicity of chemotherapy, including targeted therapy and monoclonal antibodies. In this article, we discuss the types and potential therapeutic roles of monoclonal antibodies in cervical cancer.</p

Hepatic Disorders and COVID-19: From Pathophysiology to Treatment Strategy

Following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and the subsequent development of the COVID-19 pandemic, organs such as the lungs, kidneys, liver, heart, and brain have been identified as priority organs. Liver diseases are considered a risk factor for high mortality from the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, liver damage has been demonstrated in a substantial proportion of patients with COVID-19, especially those with severe clinical symptoms. Furthermore, antiviral medications, immunosuppressive drugs after liver transplantation, pre-existing hepatic diseases, and chronic liver diseases such as cirrhosis have also been implicated in SARS-CoV-2-induced liver injury. As a result, some precautions have been taken to prevent, monitor the virus, and avoid immunocompromised and susceptible individuals, such as liver and kidney transplant recipients, from being infected with SARS-CoV-2, thereby avoiding an increase in mortality. The purpose of this review was to examine the impairment caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the impact of drugs used during the pandemic on the mortality range and therefore the possibility of preventive measures in patients with liver disease