College Students, Experiences on Smart Phone Technology Usage: A Qualitative Content Analysis Study

Besides many benefits of the cell phone technology, numerous arguments are raised on the different and important negative effects of such a technology. This qualitative content analysis study explored the common usages of smart phone technology, its challenges, and benefits among Iranian college students. Participants were 32 bachelor degree students who were recruited using purposive sampling method with maximum variation. Data were collected through 11 individual semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group discussions (5-8 students in each group). Data analysis was done based on a conventional content analysis approach. Data analysis resulted in 3 main themes and 12 sub-themes. The main themes included “Easy life” (achieving information, handling school affairs, easy communication, and cheap communication); “Spending time” (virtual friendship, participation in various social networks, computer games, watching movies and cartoons, and reading stories and novels); and “The experience of challenges” (physical problems, psychosocial stress, and mood and behavioral problems). Based on the students\u27 experiences about the smart phones technology usage, authorities, cultural institutions, and educational policy makers should encourage culture development using education through media and education during the early childhood and before using any software

Exploration of the Experiences and Viewpoints of Faculty Members on Continuing Education Webinars: A Qualitative Study

Continuing education is necessary to improve the professional knowledge and skills of graduates of medical sciences, which may be implemented via e-learning. This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences and viewpoints of faculty members participating in continuing education webinars. The participants consisted of 15 faculty members selected purposefully and with maximal variation regarding their sex, age, the field of specialization, academic rank, and work experience. Data were collected through semi-structured individual face-to-face interviews. Data analysis of these transcripts using a qualitative content analysis approach revealed 3 themes and 9 sub-themes. The main themes included “Moving across the boundaries of knowledge,” Virtual education challenges,” and “Motivators and facilitators.” These data suggest that the main prerequisites for holding successful and effective continuing education webinars are the existence of the necessary software and hardware infrastructures, high-speed and accessible Internet, purposeful educational design, as well as empowering, motivating, and encouraging faculty members to participate in such educational programs. The technical infrastructures and human elements remain critical in effective implementation of continuing education webinars

The effect of Entonox on severity of pain and mother hemodynamic and fetus apgar in natural vaginal delivery

زمینه و هدف: درد زایمان از جمله شدیدترین دردهایی است که توسط انسان تجربه می‌شود و ترس از این درد باعث انتخاب سزارین در مادران می‌گردد. یکی از روش‌های دارویی سالم و ارزان جهت تسکین درد زایمان گاز انتونکس است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات انتونکس بر شدت درد و وضعیت همودینامیک مادر و آپگار جنین در زایمان طبیعی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه کارآزمایی بالینی 60 زن کاندید زایمان طبیعی مراجعه کننده به مرکز آموزشی درمانی هاجر شهرکرد که شرایط یکسان برای ورود به مطالعه داشتند، به طور در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی به 2 گروه تقسیم شدند. پس از شروع فاز فعال زایمان انتونکس توسط ماسک در اختیار مادران گروه مداخله قرار ‌گرفت و مادران تا پایان مرحله دوم زایمان از این گاز استنشاق ‌کردند. میانگین شدت درد، وضعیت همودینامیک مادر در حین دریافت گاز و آپگار جنین پس از تولد ثبت ‌و با گروهی که انتونکس دریافت نکردند، مقایسه شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمونt مستقل مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: میانگین شدت درد درمرحله اول زایمان در گروه مداخله 7/2±98/3 و در گروه شاهد 8/3 60/5 بود (03/0=P) و در مرحله دوم زایمان به ترتیب 6/0±20/7 و 10 (04/0P=) بود. بین دو گروه تفاوت معنی‌داری در میزان فشار خون مادر، میانگین ضربان قلب جنین و نمره آپگار دقایق 1 و 5 جنین وجود نداشت. میانگین تعداد تنفس و ضربان قلب مادر در گروه مداخله بیشتر از گروه شاهد بود (05/0

Exploring Married Iranian Women’s Perception of the Meaning of Sexual Marital Activity: A Qualitative Study

Sexual relationship is not limited to a merely biological process; it is an experience that is formed in a joint intrapersonal, interpersonal and cultural context. This study aimed to explore married Iranian women’s interpretation of sexual activity. The researchers conducted this qualitative study on 65 eligible married women aged 16-60 years attending prenatal care, family planning, and gynecology clinics in an educational hospital during 2012-2013. We collected data through 9 focus group discussions. We also used purposive sampling method with maximum variation for selecting study Participants. All interviews were continued until data saturation was achieved. Researchers used a conventional content analysis approach for data analyzing. Four main categories were extracted from the data. The main categories included: “Sex and response to individual’s feelings,” “Sex and intra and interpersonal challenges,” “Sex and informational challenges (the known and unknown),” and “Sex and self-sacrifice (duty-oriented sexual activity).” The participants expressed a dynamic meaning of sexual marital activity that was influenced by many basic emotional, psychological, physical, social, economic, and cultural factors. Most participants placed strong emphasis on the duty-oriented aspect of marital sexual activities, and showed a preference for their husband’s sexual needs and satisfaction

Sexual self-efficacy and its related factors among married women of reproductive age

Sexual self-efficacy (SSE) has also been cited as an important factor for healthy and satisfying sex. The purpose of this study was to determine SSE and its related factors among married women of reproductive age.The present study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study. The research samples were 588 married women of reproductive age. A cluster sampling method is used to select participants. Data collection instruments were the socio-demographic form and the Sexual Self-Efficacy Scale-Female Functioning (SSES-F). Data analysis, Friedman, Multiple LinearRegression was performed through SPSS software version 16. The highest and lowest score was related to body acceptance (77.78) and communication (69.66), respectively. The results showed that age (B= 0.471, P<0.001), marital satisfaction (B= 0.11.3, P<0.001), life satisfaction (B= 3.5, P<0.03) and the economic-social welfare satisfaction were related to SSE. We’ve found that Women with a higher Education, Employment, higher income, and Younger husbands had the highest SSE score.The components of age, marital satisfaction, life satisfaction, and economic status affect the SSE of married women of reproductive age. The results of this study can be useful in the design and implementation of sexual health promotion interventions. Keywords: Efficacy; sexual behavior; women

Empowerment and Sense of Adequacy in Infertile Couples: A Fundamental Need in Treatment Process of Infertility - A Qualitative Study

Many Iranian couples are suffering from infertility, and their needs have remained unexplored thus far; therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the infertile couples’ needs and experiences during diagnosis and different stages of infertility treatment. Specific research question included: What are infertile couples’ viewpoints and perceptions about their needs in treatment process of infertility? Researchers used a qualitative design, based on a content analysis approach to analyze in-depth unstructured interviews conducted with seventeen infertile couples. The participants’ needs were categorized into five categories. All five categories had one theme in common which was identified as “empowerment and sense of adequacy” as a fundamental need during diagnosis and treatment processes of infertility. The study findings showed that the under-studied fertility care centers were not patient-centered; and patients’ needs were not recognised appropriately. Perhaps, addressing patients’ needs and expectations is the first step toward more paying attention to infertile couples and empowering them

Relationship between innovation climate and innovative behavior of librarians: Case study in Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi

This study aims to determine the relationship between innovation climate and the librarians' innovative behavior in Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi, as the largest public library of Iran. The methodology for this study is based on a survey research. To this purpose, the innovative behavior questionnaire and Ekvall's (1996) innovation climate, developed by the Creative Problem Solving Group, Buffalo, USA, were used. The study population consisted of 104 librarians working in Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi. The results show that there is a significant relationship between innovative behavior of librarians and innovation climate in the library (44%). That is, innovation climate and innovative behavior factors can explain 44% of variation in each other. The findings show that innovation climate exists at an average level (mean: 3.24) in Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documentation Center of Astan Quds Razavi. Among the dimensions of innovation climate, challenge (3.44) and trust (2.86) achieved the highest and the lowest mean respectively. In general, the librarians' innovative behavior was found to be at an average level (2.44).This behavior was above average at the two stages of idea discovery (2.6) and idea generation (2.54), whilst it was at the medium level at the two stages of idea support (2.321) and idea implementation (2.33). This is the first research to study the relationship between innovation climate and innovative behavior of librarians in the library organization.DOR: 98.1000/1726-8125.2017.15.59.0.1.82.10

Qualitative Study of Married Women’s Perception on the Meaning of Sexual-Marital Activity

Introduction: Sexual intercourse is not a biological process, but it is an experience emerged in combined interpersonal, intrapersonal, and cultural contexts. This study aimed to deeply explore and clarify married women’s perception on the meaning of sexual-marital activity. Method: This qualitative study was carried out on 65 married women aged 16-60 years attending prenatal care, family planning, and gynecology clinics in an educational hospital in Rasht City, Iran, during 2012-2013. Data were collected through 9 focus group discussions. Participants were recruited using purposive sampling method and maximum variation. All interviews were continued until the data saturation was achieved. Data analysis was done based on Graneheim and Lundman conventional content analysis approach. Results: Four main categories and several sub-categories were extracted from the data. The main categories included “the role of sexual sensation and perception on sex”, “intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual challenges”, “lack of knowledge vs. knowledge”, and “sexual self-sacrifice (task-oriented sexual activity)”. Conclusion: According to this study, married women’s perception on the meaning of sexual-marital activity has been clearly identified. On one hand, participants expressed a dynamic meaning of sexual-marital activity. On the other hand, their interpretations emerged a new meaning of sexual activity as task-oriented or responsibility-centered of sexual activity. Keywords: Sexual intercourse, Sexual behavior, Female, Marriage, Qualitative researc

Consequences of Using Smartphone Technology in University Students: Experiencing Challenges

Introduction: The dramatic increase in prevalence of cell phone use, especially among adolescents and young people, is a growing concern among many experts about the harmful effects of cell phones. The present study aimed to explore the consequences and challenges of the application of this technology from the perspective of university students. Method: In this qualitative study, participants were 32 students of nursing, midwifery, and paramedicine in East Guilan, Iran, who were selected purposefully and with maximum variation. Data were collected using 11 semi-structured interviews and 3 focus group discussions. All interviews were continued till data saturation was occurred. Data analysis was done using conventional content analysis approach. Results: Three themes and 11 subthemes were extracted from the qualitative analysis. The themes were as “physical-psychological stresses” with 4 subthemes of physical problems, disturbed comfort, information security concerns, and progressive dependence, “decreased performance” with 3 subthemes of decline in academic performance, depleted energy, and wasting time, and “drowning in the virtual world” with 4 subthemes of away from the real world, unhealthy relationship, blind imitation, and luxury-oriented, and lying. “In the virtual turbulence” was designated as the main theme. Conclusion: Based on the students' experiences, appropriate cultural planning is necessary with approaches such as mass media education, early childhood education, and education before entering the technologies with the aim of properly usage of these technologies. Keywords: Smartphone, Technology, Students, Qualitative researc