Fetal congenital anomalies among consanguineous and non consanguineous marriage pregnant women attending in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university

Background: Consanguineous marriage has been described as an important factor contributing to increased congenital malformations. Congenital anomalies began to emerge as one of the major childhood health problems and refers to any malformations that occur in a developing fetus. The aim of the study was to assess fetal congenital anomalies among consanguineous and non-consanguineous pregnant marriages.Methods: An observational study design was adopted. Setting: Data were collected from the fetal medicine unit at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period, from April 2017 to March 2018. Sample: A total sample was 100 pregnant women (Consanguineous and non-consanguineous with fetal congenital anomalies) were recruited according to certain criteria. Two tools were used as materials. Structured interview tool which entailed socio-demographic data; medical history, past obstetrical history, and ultrasonographic fetal assessment record.Results: More than half of the fetuses in the consanguineous marriage group had multiple affected systems compared to one-quarter of fetuses in the non-consanguineous marriage group (68 and 24% respectively). In this study highly statistically, significant differences were found in central nervous system anomalies, followed by genitourinary, musculoskeletal and nonimmune hydrops fetalis. Prevalence of hydrocephalus was higher in the consanguineous marriage group compared to the non-consanguineous group, while the frequency of hydronephrosis was higher in non-consanguineous marriage group than consanguineous marriage group. Ubiquity of non-immune fetal hydrops was also higher in the non-consanguineous marriage group.Conclusions: The most affected system of the fetus was CNS, followed by the gastrointestinal, urinary, and Musculoskeletal systems. Consanguineous couples are recommended to have genetic counseling, premarital examination, and screening about hereditary diseases

Prevalence and characteristics of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women attending in outpatient department of obstetrics and gynecology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogenous, multifactorial, complex genetic disorder. Most commonly, it affects the females of reproductive age. This is one of the most widespread diseases across the world and if left untreated, may result in infertility and even uterine cancer. Methods: A cross sectional observation study of 100 PCOS patients was carried out from August 2018 to July 2019 in gynecology out-patient department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Dhaka. In this study clinical, biochemical and hormonal profile of these patients were analyzed and correlation was done between clinical features and biochemical and hormonal profile. Results: The prevalence of PCOS was 6.11% in the gynecology out-patient visits and 35.39% among infertile women. The mean age group of the patients was 24.3±5.16 SD. The mean BMI was 24.66±5.34 SD. The mean duration of infertility was 5.17 years. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was 15.0%. In this study menstrual irregularity was the most common complaint. Spearman’s correlation between various clinical and laboratory parameters showed positive correlation exists between BMI and testosterone (r=0.4824; p<0.0001).Conclusions: The study showed that most of our polycystic ovary syndrome subjects were present with oligomenorrhea. Hirsutism and central obesity were also common presentation. Obese women with PCOS had more severe ovulatory dysfunction and need more attention for their appropriate management.

Risk factors associated with post cesarean surgical site wound infection in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib medical university, Bangladesh

Background: Caesarean section is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in hospitals. Surgical site infections are a common complication after a caesarean section (C-section) and mainly responsible for increased maternal mortality and morbidity, the dissatisfaction of patients, longer hospital stays as well as higher treatment costs. Methods: This prospective cohort was conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh included 400 women (247 emergency CS, 153 elective CS) from September 2019 to August 2020. Data were collected through consent, medical record reviews, and questionnaires. SSI risk factors were assessed, and wound examinations were conducted before discharge. STATA 14.0 was used for analysis. Participants were educated about SSI symptoms and monitored for 30 days post-operation. Results: Nulliparous individuals were more common in the emergency CS group (61.5% vs. 32% in Elective CS). Ruptured membranes were higher in emergency CS (71.7% vs. 2.6% in elective CS). Prophylactic antibiotic usage differed significantly (88.7% in emergency CS vs. 3.9% in elective CS). Post-discharge wound infections were more prevalent in emergency CS (10.53% vs. 2.61% in elective CS). No significant differences were found in other parameters. High-risk factors included BMI >30 and operation time ≥45 min. Conclusion: SSI rates may be underestimated with limited hospital observation. Prolonged operation times (>38 min) and high BMI (>30) significantly increased SSI risk. Identifying high-risk subgroups and administering antibiotics accordingly can help prevent SSI and reduce unnecessary antibiotic use

Social Responsibility and Its Relation with Procrastination and Achievement Motivation among Students of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University

This study aimed at identifying the level of social responsibility, procrastination and achievement motivation among Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University students in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. It also aimed to explore the correlational relations between social responsibility, procrastination and achievement motivation and to uncover the differences between male and female students on these three variables. The study was conducted on a sample of 1880 male and female students. Social responsibility, and procrastination scales, as well as the achievement motivation test were employed after verifying their psychometric properties. The results showed that while the university students practice both social responsibility and procrastination at a medium level, they practice achievement motivation at a high level. The study further showed a significant, negative correlation between social responsibility and procrastination, and significant positive correlation between responsibility and achievement motivation. Furthermore, the study showed statistically significant differences between males and females in social responsibility and procrastination in favour of male students; and statistically significant differences in the achievement motivation in favor of females

Thinking Outside of the Cereal Box: Breeding Underutilized (Pseudo)Cereals for Improved Human Nutrition.

Cereal grains have historically played a critical role in sustaining the caloric needs of the human population. The major cereal crops, wheat, rice, and maize, are widely cultivated and have been subjected to biofortification to enhance the vitamin and mineral nutrient content of grains. In contrast, grains of several other cereals as well as non-grass pseudocereals are naturally rich in micronutrients, but have yet to be explored for broad-scale cultivation and consumption. This mini review focuses on the micronutrient and phytochemical profiles of a few emerging (pseudo)cereals and examines the current constraints of their integration into the global food system. Prospects of leveraging whole genome sequence information and modern breeding technologies to promote the breeding and accessibility of these crops are also discussed

Streamlining governmental processes by putting citizens in control of their personal data

Governments typically store large amounts of personal information on their citizens, such as a home address, marital status, and occupation, to offer public services. Because governments consist of various governmental agencies, multiple copies of this data often exist. This raises concerns regarding data consistency, privacy, and access control, especially under recent legal frameworks such as GDPR. To solve these problems, and to give citizens true control over their data, we explore an approach using the decentralised Solid ecosystem, which enables citizens to maintain their data in personal data pods. We have applied this approach to two high-impact use cases, where citizen information is stored in personal data pods, and both public and private organisations are selectively granted access. Our findings indicate that Solid allows reshaping the relationship between citizens, their personal data, and the applications they use in the public and private sector. We strongly believe that the insights from this Flemish Solid Pilot can speed up the process for public administrations and private organisations that want to put the users in control of their data

URINARY ALBUMIN TO CREATININE RATIO AS A PREDICTOR OF PRECLAMPSIA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of point urinary albumin to creatinine ratio at 20+0 and 28+0 weeks of gestation for predicting the possibility of developing pre-eclampsia, late in pregnancy. Study Design: A prospective cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gynecology Outpatients Department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 10, 2018 to January 10, 2019. Methodology: Age, weight, gravidity and Body Mass index was documented for total 250 patients included for study. Patients were divided on the basis of development of pre-eclampsia and their mean Albumin to creatinine ratio was compared by applying Student’s t-test considering p≤0.05 statistically significant. Test positive and test negative patients were noted. The association of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio with pre-eclampsia was calculated. SPSS v.23 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Mean urinary albumin to creatinine ratio was 22.77±12.42 mg/mmol in normotensive women and 46.87±15.13 mg/mmol in pre-eclamptic women which was significantly higher in pre-eclamptic patients (p<0.001). The sensitivity of point urinary albumin to creatinine ratio at a cutoff value of 35.5mg/mmol is 73.91%; the specificity is 91.56%; the positive predictive value (PPV) is 72.34%; and negative predictive is 92.16%. Conclusion: Our study concluded that solitary point urinary albumin creatinine ratio values equal to or higher than 35.5mg/mmol, when quantified early during the second trimester had a higher specificity than the sensitivity and it can be safely used to rule out the possibility of developing pre-eclampsia, late in pregnancy. Keywords: Albumin to Creatinine Ratio, Pre-eclampsia, Normotensive, Point Urinary . DOI: 10.7176/JMPB/62-12 Publication date: December 31st 201

Urban Cholera transmission hotspots and their implications for Reactive Vaccination: evidence from Bissau city, Guinea Bissau

Use of cholera vaccines in response to epidemics (reactive vaccination) may provide an effective supplement to traditional control measures. In Haiti, reactive vaccination was considered but, until recently, rejected in part due to limited global supply of vaccine. Using Bissau City, Guinea-Bissau as a case study, we explore neighborhood-level transmission dynamics to understand if, with limited vaccine and likely delays, reactive vaccination can significantly change the course of a cholera epidemic