2,963 research outputs found
Cardiac output and regional blood flow in conscious rats exposed to acute hypoxia
Cardiac output and regional blood flow in conscious rats exposed to acute hypoxi
Fundamental results from microgravity cell experiments with possible commericial applications
Some of the major milestones are presented for studies in cell biology that were conducted by the Soviet Union and the United States in the upper layers of the atmosphere and in outer space for more than thirty-five years. The goals have changed as new knowledge is acquired and the priorities for the use of microgravity have shifted toward basic research and commercial applications. Certain details concerning the impact of microgravity on cell systems is presented. However, it needs to be emphasized that in planning and conducting microgravity experiments, there are some important prerequisites not normally taken into account. Apart from the required background knowledge of previous microgravity and ground-based experiments, the investigator should have the understanding of the hardware as a physical unit, the complete knowledge of its operation, the range of its capabilities and the anticipation of problems that may occur. Moreover, if the production of commercial products in space is to be manifested, data obtained from previous microgravity experiments must be used to optimize the design of flight hardware
Precision spectra of A\, ^2\Sigma^+,v'=0 \leftarrow X\, ^2\Pi_{3/2},v''=0,J''=3/2 transitions in OH and OD
We report absolute optical frequencies of electronic transitions from the
X\, ^2\Pi_{3/2},v''=0,J''=3/2 rovibronic ground state to the 12 lowest levels
of the A\, ^2\Sigma^+,v'=0 vibronic state in OH, as well as to the 16
lowest levels of the same vibronic state in OD. The absolute frequencies
of these transitions have been determined with a relative uncertainty of a few
parts in , representing a 1000-fold improvement over previous
measurements. To reach this level of precision, an optical frequency comb has
been used to transfer the stability of a narrow-linewidth I-stabilized
reference laser onto the 308-nm spectroscopy laser. The comb is also used to
compare the optical frequency of the spectroscopy laser to an atomic clock
reference, providing absolute accuracy. Measurements have been carried out on
OH/OD molecules in a highly-collimated molecular beam, reducing possible
pressure shifts and minimizing Doppler broadening. Systematic shifts due to
retroreflection quality, the Zeeman effect, and the ac Stark effect have been
considered during the analysis of the measured spectra; particularly in the
case of the OD isotopologue, these effects can result in shifts of the fitted
line positions of as much as 300 kHz. The transition frequencies extracted in
the analysis were also used to determine spectroscopic constants for the A\,
^2\Sigma^+,v'=0 vibronic state. The constants fitted in this work differ
significantly from those reported in previous works that measured the
transitions, resulting in typical deviations of the predicted optical
transition frequencies of 150 MHz, but they generally agree quite well
with the constants determined using hyperfine-resolved measurements of
splittings within the state.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Improving Follow Up Compliance for Patients with Sleep Disordered Breathing at Jefferson Sleep Center
Despite the high effectiveness of CPAP therapy, patient adherence remains variable and a hurdle towards appropriate treatment of their sleep-disordered breathing.
Patients often stop using their CPAP and are then lost to follow-up, which increases their risk of previously mentioned complications that are associated with OSA.
Goals for Improvement
To increase the follow-up rate for patients with OSA
Use of waveform lidar and hyperspectral sensors to assess selected spatial and structural patterns associated with recent and repeat disturbance and the abundance of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in a temperate mixed hardwood and conifer forest.
Abstract
Waveform lidar imagery was acquired on September 26, 1999 over the Bartlett Experimental Forest (BEF) in New Hampshire (USA) using NASA\u27s Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS). This flight occurred 20 months after an ice storm damaged millions of hectares of forestland in northeastern North America. Lidar measurements of the amplitude and intensity of ground energy returns appeared to readily detect areas of moderate to severe ice storm damage associated with the worst damage. Southern through eastern aspects on side slopes were particularly susceptible to higher levels of damage, in large part overlapping tracts of forest that had suffered the highest levels of wind damage from the 1938 hurricane and containing the highest levels of sugar maple basal area and biomass. The levels of sugar maple abundance were determined through analysis of the 1997 Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) high resolution spectral imagery and inventory of USFS Northern Research Station field plots. We found a relationship between field measurements of stem volume losses and the LVIS metric of mean canopy height (r2 = 0.66; root mean square errors = 5.7 m3/ha, p \u3c 0.0001) in areas that had been subjected to moderate-to-severe ice storm damage, accurately documenting the short-term outcome of a single disturbance event
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