Optimization and Validation of RP-HPLC-UV/Vis Method for Determination Phenolic Compounds in Several Personal Care Products

An HPLC method with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry detection has been optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds, such as butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidants, and octyl methyl cinnamate (OMC) as UVB-filter in several personal care products. The dynamic range was between 1 to 250 mg/L with relative standard deviation less than 0.25% (n = 4). Limits of detection for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.196, 0.170, and 0.478 mg/L, respectively. While limits of quantification for BHA, BHT, and OMC were 0.593, 0.515, and 1.448 mg/L, respectively. The recovery for BHA, BHT, and OMC was ranged from 92.1–105.9%, 83.2–108.9%, and 87.3–103.7%, respectively. The concentration ranges of BHA, BHT, and OMC in 12 commercial personal care samples were 0.13–4.85, 0.16–2.30, and 0.12–65.5 mg/g, respectively. The concentrations of phenolic compounds in these personal care samples were below than maximum allowable concentration in personal care formulation, that is, 0.0004–10 mg/g, 0.002–5 mg/g, and up to 100 mg/g for BHA, BHT, and OMC, respectively

Effect of Leptadenia Hastata Hexane leaf extracts against heamotological, biochemical and Indometachin induced ulser in rats

This study was targeted at valuing a claim by traditional herbal practitioner that the leaves of Leptadenia hastata possess ulcer healing property by assessing the effect of Leptadenia hastata on ulcer induced rats. Material and method: The effects of an hexane leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata were studied in 40 white albino rats over a period of 21days, to ascertain the claim of Leptadenia hastata has ulcerogenic properties, the rats were divided into eight groups those in group one served as control group, group two negative control (Indomethacin) ulcer induced with no treatment, while group three positive control (Omeprazole) and groups four to eight are dosed groups ranged from; 100mg/kg 200mg/kg, 300mg/kg, 400mg/kg and 500mg/kg extracts respectively, Microscopic examination was carried out and scored for the presence of lesion. The length and breadth of the lesion of the stomach was measured for ulcer index. Stomach and Blood sample were collected for Histological, hematological and biochemical analysis. The specimen of the stomach was taken for histopathological studies. Results: The study showed that the extracts of Leptadenia hastata caused increased in the weight of the rats compared to the negative control and the levels of packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration, red blood cell, white blood cell, mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. The changes in the biochemical parameter were all within the range of the control. Histologically, stomach degeneration was characterized by lesion and decrease number of lining cell of the epithelium. Conclusion: The study indicate that hexane leaves crude extracts of Leptadenia hastata possess ulcer healing activity

Antifungal potential of Leptadenia Hastata against some pathogenic fungi

The objective of this study was to evaluate if the plant extract could provide antifungal potential against some pathogenic fungi. Extract of Dichloromethane solvents was used for disc diffusion assay. The inhibitory concentration of the extract was performed by broth dilution method and zone of inhibition was studied by disc diffusion method at the concentration of 25, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000ppm in DMSO. Fluconazole was used as the reference control for antifungal study. The extract showed maximum inhibition potential of zone of inhibition against most of the pathogen (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida tropicalis and Fusarium oxysporium) used at concentration 25ppm to 250ppm with zone of inhibition (3.45±0, 3.33±0.12, 3.07±0.05 and 2.97±0.10mm respectively). The extract showed minimum inhibition potential against Fusarium oxysporium in all the concentration when compared with the control as well as to the other pathogens. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus was found to be more sensitive to Dichloromethane leaf extract followed by Candida tropical and lastly fusarium oxyspurium. The Present study indicates the potential usefulness of Dichloromethane leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata as antifungal agent. © 2018 Isaac John Umaru, Fasihuddin A. Badruddin, Henry Y. Wakawa, Hauwa A. Umaru and Kerenhappuch I Umaru

Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Litsea elliptica Blume and Litsea resinosa Blume (Lauraceae)

Objective: To investigate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of two plant species, Litsea elliptica (L. elliptica) and Litsea resinosa (L. resinosa). Methods: In vitro method -2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay was conducted for antioxidant activity determination while antimicrobial assay consisted of agar well diffusion assay and mycelial radial growth assay. Results: Methanol extracts of root and stem of L. elliptica and L. resinosa exhibited the highest antioxidant activity with EC50 of 23.99, 41.69, 11.22 and 35.48 mg/L respectively. All methanol extracts of L. resinosa as well as root extracts from L. elliptica showed significant scavenging activity. Hexane extract from stem of L. resinosa presented the largest inhibition zone in Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli while chloroform extract from inner bark of L. resinosa showed major inhibition towards Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis. Essential oils from the root of both species showed significant antifungal activities which are 80.11% and 66.85% respectively. Conclusions: Overall, methanol extracts from root and stem of both species showed antioxidant activity comparable to standard butylated hydroxytoluene. Extracts from L. resinosa demonstrated stronger antimicrobial properties compared to that from L. elliptica

Antiplatelet Aggregation and Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Receptor Antagonistic Activities of the Essential Oils of Five Goniothalamus Species

Nine essential oils, hydrodistilled from different parts of five Goniothalamus species (G. velutinus Airy-Shaw, G. woodii Merr., G. clemensii Ban, G. tapis Miq. and G. tapisoides Mat Salleh) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in human whole blood using an electrical impedance method and their inhibitory effects on platelet activating factor (PAF) receptor binding with rabbit platelets using 3H-PAF as a ligand. The chemical composition of the oils was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The bark oil of G. velutinus was the most effective sample as it inhibited both arachidonic acid (AA) and ADP-induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 93.6 and 87.7 µg/mL, respectively. Among the studied oils, the bark oils of G. clemensii, G. woodii, G. velutinus and the root oil of G. tapis showed significant inhibitory effects on PAF receptor binding, with IC50 values ranging from 3.5 to 10.5 µg/mL. The strong PAF antagonistic activity of the active oils is related to their high contents of sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpenoids, and the individual components in the oils could possibly produce a synergistic effect in the overall antiplatelet activity of the oils

Proximate Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Orange Mud Crab, Scylla Olivacea

The proximate composition and antioxidant properties in the muscle tissues of Scylla olivacea are reported herein. The percentage of carbohydrate was in the range of 1.52% to 3.07 %, while the percentage of protein varied from 13.30% to 17.28%. Meanwhile, the percentage of fat for S. olivacea was found to be ranging from 0.20% to 0.57%. The moisture content in S. olivacea was 60.00%. Generally, no significant differences were observed in both male and female tissues of S. olivacea regarding its total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging and superoxide dismutase activities. However, significant differences were observed for the total flavonoid content and activity of catalase. The present results revealed the nutritional information, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants status in the tissues of S. olivacea

Synthesis and characterization of dimethyltin(IV) complex with 2-methylpyridylbenzhydrazone (AcPyBzh): Crystal structure of [Me2SnCl (AcPyBzh)]

The reaction of dimethyltin(IV) dihalide with 2-methylpyridylbenzhydrazone (AcPyBzh) afforded the complex compound [Me2SnCl(AcPyBzh)]. The complex was characterized by IR, 1H and 13C-{ 1H} NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analyses. The crystal structure of [Me2SnCL(AcPyBzh)] has been determined. The AcPyBzh anion in this complex acts as a monobasic NNO bidentate ligand, the tin(IV) lying in an elongated distrorted trigonal bipyramidal environment where the azomethine nitrogen and amidate oxygen, together with the two-methyl carbons, are in the equatorial plane, whereas the chloride is the apical ligand. The crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(I)/n, with a = 12.0945 (3), b = 7.5167 (2), c = 19.9795 (4) Å, α = 90°, β= 105.85°, γ = 90°

Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Compoundsfrom the Stem Bark of Goniothalamus tapisoides Mat Salleh

Eleven compounds:goniomicin A (1), goniomicin B (2), goniomicin C (3), goniomicin D (4), tapisoidin (5), goniothalamin (6), 9-deoxygoniopypyrone (7), pterodondiol (8), liriodenine (9), benzamide (10) and cinnamic acid (11), were isolated from the stem bark of Goniothalamus tapisoides. All compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis and, for known compounds, by comparison with published data. Goniothalamin (6) exhibited mild cytotoxic activity towards a colon cancer cell line (HT-29), with an IC50value of 64.17 ± 5.60 µM. Goniomicin B (2) give the highest antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay among all compounds tested, with an IC50 of 0.207 µM

Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by extract from the tropical plant Knema laurina after inflammatory damage in living brain tissue

Inflammatory reactions in the CNS, resulting from a loss of control and involving a network of non-neuronal and neuronal cells, are major contributors to the onset and progress of several major neurodegenerative diseases. Therapeutic strategies should therefore keep or restore the well-controlled and finely-tuned balance of immune reactions, and protect neurons from inflammatory damage. In our study, we selected plants of the Malaysian rain forest by an ethnobotanic survey, and investigated them in cell-based-assay-systems and in living brain tissue cultures in order to identify anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. We found that alcoholic extracts from the tropical plant Knema laurina (Black wild nutmeg) exhibited highly anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in cell culture experiments, reduced NO- and IL-6-release from activated microglia cells dose-dependently, and protected living brain tissue from microglia-mediated inflammatory damage at a concentration of 30 microg/ml. On the intracellular level, the extract inhibited ERK-1/2-phosphorylation, IkB-phosphorylation and subsequently NF-kB-translocation in microglia cells. K. laurina belongs to the family of Myristicaceae, which have been used for centuries for treatment of digestive and inflammatory diseases and is also a major food plant of the Giant Hornbill. Moreover, extract from K. laurina promotes also neurogenesis in living brain tissue after oxygen-glucose deprivation. In conclusion, extract from K. laurina not only controls and limits inflammatory reaction after primary neuronal damage, it promotes moreover neurogenesis if given hours until days after stroke-like injury