Residual stress and texture control in Ti-6Al-4V wire + arc additively manufactured intersections by stress relief and rolling

Additively manufactured intersections have the theoretical risk to contain hydrostatic tensile residual stresses, which eventually cannot be thermally stress relieved. The stresses in Ti-6Al-4V wire + arc additively manufactured (WAAM) intersections are lower compared to single pass walls and stresses in continuous walls are larger compared to discontinuous walls with otherwise identical geometry. Thermal stress relief was found to virtually eliminate them. Inter-pass rolling can yield the desired grain refinement, without having any noteworthy influence on the development of residual stresses. The strain measurement itself by neutron diffraction is facilitated by the refined microstructure, because the otherwise textured microstructure produces anisotropic peak intensity, not allowing Pawley refinement. Without rolling, the {101¯1} and {101¯3} family of hcp planes are the only ones that diffract consistently in the three principal directions

Effects of nutritional supplement of ginger root on antioxidant status in sheep

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a medicinal plant and pungent food spice, which has antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ginger on antioxidant status of blood in healthy sheep. In this study, dried ginger root powder was added to the ration of 10 male yearling sheep (treatment group), at the rate of 1g/head/day for a period of 2 months. In the second group (n = 10 sheep), a single dose of vitamin E+selenium injection was administered intramuscularly (positive control group) and the control group (n=10 sheep) received no medication or special additives. Blood samples were collected regularly at 2 week intervals and enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant levels were measured. Ginger increased total antioxidant capacity of serum and blood levels of SOD, GPX and CAT, which was significant compared to the control group (

Serumic concentration of cardiac troponin and some enzymes in horses with strangles

This study was conducted on horses to investigate the effect of strangles on cardiac troponin fluctuations and activity of some serum enzymes. The research was done on 30 horses with strangles and 29 normal horses. Sick horses were confirmed on the basis of clinical and laboratory signs (culture of nasal and lymph nodes discharges for Streptococcus equi). Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein. The serum activity of cardiac troponin was measured by ELISA kit and gama gluthamil transferase (GGT), alanine amino tramsferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured by biochemical kits. The mean heart rate increased significantly (

Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers of serum in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and its incidence is considered to be high all over the world. It causes increase in blood glucose levels and subsequent damage to various tissues and blood vessels. The aim of the present study was to evaluate cardiac injury biomarkers of serum in rats with experimental diabetes. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 2 groups including healthy control and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg IP). Four weeks after induction of diabetes, levels of cTnI (cardiac troponin I), AST (Aspartate aminotransferase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and CK-MB (keratin kinase) were measured in serum. At the end of the experiment, mean blood sugar levels were 263.1 ± 36 and 96.7 ± 12 mg/dl in diabetic and control groups respectively that reveals a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p=0.000). Serum cTnI level in diabetic rats was significantly higher than healthy control group (p=0.002). Other cardiac biomarkers of serum in experimentally induced diabetic rats were significantly higher than control group. There were significant correlation between blood glucose levels and serum cTnI (r=0.685; p=0.010), and with serum activities of enzymes, including AST (r=0.862; p=0.000), LDH (r=0.760; p=0.008) and CK-MB (r=0.590; p=0.014). In conclusion, elevated level of serum cTnI and enzyme activities in diabetic rats in comparison to the control group suggests some degree of cardiac muscle damages

Evaluation of cardiac troponin I alterationsin dairy cattle with septicmetritis

Metritis is an important disease in dairy cattle which causes economical loses including decrease in milk yield, increase calving interval, treatment costs and death of ill cases. Septic metritis usually occurs within 2-10 days after parturition, and characterized clinically with sever toxemia associated with purulent odorous uterine discharge with or without retained placenta. In this study, serum levels of cTnI were measured in 50 female Holstein cattle with septicmetritis and compared with normal cows. cTnI of serum in disease and control groups were 0.017 ± 0.008 and 0.005 ± 0.000 ng/dl, respectively. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature in disease cases were significantly higher than normal cattle. There was significant correlation with cTnI and heart rate and rectal temperature. Endotoxemia is one of possible reasons of elevation of serum cTnI. Cytokines and endotoxins originated from gram negative bacteria that cause myocardium depression and ventricular dilatation. Furthermore impairment of left ventricle function is a significant effect of septic shock

Evaluation of cardiac injury biomarkers in sheep with acute lactic acidosis

Rumen lactic acidosis is a metabolic disorder which develops in ruminants that have ingested large amounts of unaccustomed feeds rich in ruminally fermentable carbohydrates. In this study we investigated the relationship between serum lactate levels and ruminal fluid pH with changes of cardiac damage biomarkers in serum in 200 sheep with acute ruminal lactic acidosis (ARLA) and 50 healthy ones. After confirmation of ARLA through clinical examination and ruminal fluid pH£5.5, venous blood samples were collected and special analysis carried out on serum samples. According to the findings ruminal fluid pH in diseased and healthy sheep were 5.28 ± 0.2 and 6.93±0.3, respectively. Serum lactate level in sheep with ARLA was significantly higher than normal sheep. (p=0.000). cTnI levels was 0.684±0.03 ng/ml in sheep with ARLA, which was significantly (p=0.000) higher than healthy sheep (0.005±0.00 ng/ml). Other cardiac biomarkers were increased in diseased group, however only elevation of serum activities of AST and CK-MB were statistically significant (p=0.002 and p=0.007 respectively). Although serum LDH activity in diseased group was higher than control group; but this difference was statistically non-significant (p=0.063). There was significant negative correlation between ruminal fluid pH with cTnI concentrations (p=0.004; r=–0.850); so that highest levels of cTnI (2.28 to 3.06 ng/ml) were recorded in three sheep with ruminal fluid p

Study of the structure of buffalo's eye lens and scleroretinal rim in Tabriz by ultrasonography

In this study, ultrasonographic condition of lens and posterior wall of buffalo's eye in Tabriz area were investigated due to their important role in vision and also measurements were made in anterior-posterior axial B-mode display methods. The ultrasonographic images were similar to the images obtained from other particularly the cow. Total thickness of the lens was 1.133 ± 0.052 cm with the thickness being 1.135 ± 0.052 cm in the right eye and 1.132 ± 0.053 cm in the left eye. Thickness of the posterior wall of the right and left eyes were 1.677 ± 0.042 mm and 1.672 ± 0.041 mm respectively with the total thickness of the posterior wall measuring 1.674 ± 0.040 mm. There was no significant difference between the left and right eyes regarding these parameters