Oculofacial alterations in NBAS-SOPH like mutations: Case report

PURPOSE:: To describe the clinical features of a rare case of NBAS-SOPH-like mutations; to emphasize special aspects of the ocular and oro-facial regions. METHODS:: Case report. CASE DESCRIPTION:: We present a 5-year-old girl initially examined for her dysmorphic features, mental delay, strabismus, and high myopia. During the funduscopic examination, we observed optic atrophy with narrow thinned arterioles with the light brown reflex of the central retina. A genetic assessment revealed NBAS-SOPH like mutation. An assessment by a team of orthodontists defined typical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS:: NBAS mutations can also cause complex disease with a broad clinical spectrum ranging from isolated recurrent acute liver failure (RALF) to a multisystemic phenotype. Due to the heterogeneity of the expressions, a multispeciality approach to this situation is recommended

Impact of Smoking Habit on Peri-Implant Indicators following Different Therapies: A Systematic Review

Peri-implant disease and its treatment is becoming a major concern for clinicians as the number of implants placed each year is rising. Smoking is a common habit, and it is associated with an increased risk of developing peri-implant disease. The role of smoking in the response to peri-implant treatment has never been investigated. Searches were conducted in electronic databases to screen articles published until August 2021. The included studies had at least two groups of patients: peri-implant disease only or peri-implant disease and smoking status. Outcomes of interest included plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP), radiographic crestal bone loss (CBL), and analysis of peri-implant sulcular fluid. Seven hundred and forty-nine articles were found in the databases, only 71 articles potentially qualified. A total of seven studies with a minimum follow-up of six months were included. There is no homogeneity in the diagnosis, smoker definition and treatment proposed. All surgical and non-surgical treatment have statistically significantly different outcomes in smokers and nonsmokers. Recognizing this study's limitations, we conclude that smoking might play a significant role on the outcome of peri-implant disease treatment. None of the proposed treatments appear to be significantly more effective

Effects on muscular activity after surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion: a prospective observational study

The study aims to investigate the modifications in the temporalis and the masseter activity in adult patients before and after SARPE (Surgically Assisted Rapid Palatal Expansion) by measuring electromyographic and electrokinesographic activity. 24 adult patients with unilateral posterior crossbite on the right side were selected from the Orthodontic Department of the University of Milan. Three electromyographic and electrokinesographic surface readings were taken respectively before surgery (T0) and 8 months after surgery (T1). The electromyographic data of both right and left masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded during multiple tests: standardized maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)s, after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and at rest. T0 and T1 values were compared with paired Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Significant differences were found in the activity of right masseter (p = 0.03) and right temporalis (p = 0.02) during clench, in the evaluation of right masseter at rest (p = 0.03), also the muscular activity of masseters at rest after TENS from T0 to T1 (pr = 0.04, pl = 0.04). No significant differences were found in the activity of left masseter (p = 0.41) and left temporalis (p = 0.39) during clench and MVC, in the evaluation of left masseter at rest (p = 0.57) and in the activity during MVC of right masseter (p = 0.41), left masseter (p = 0.34), right temporalis (p = 0.51) and left temporalis (p = 0.77). Results showed that the activity of the masseter and temporalis muscles increased significantly after SARPE during rest and clenching on the side where the cross-bite was treated

Neuromuscular evaluation in young patients with unilateral posterior crossbite before and after rapid maxillary expansion

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the electromyographic and electrognatographic exams of 55 patients before and after rapid palatal expansion, and to find out a relationship between the results. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 55 children (28 females and 27 males; age ranging between 6 and10 years) with unilateral posterior crossbite, and subjected to an electromyographic and electrognatographic examination before and after a rapid palatal expansion. RESULTS: By analyzing the results, it is possible to observe an increased electrical activity of the masticatory muscles (right and left masseters and anterior temporalis) both in rest position and during activities after rapid palatal expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid palatal expansion produces important changes in the muscular tone and it increases the muscular activity of the masticatory muscles

Menopause: Changes in the Mouth Cavity and Preventive Strategies

Aim: Menopause is a term used to describe the permanent cessation of the primary functions of the human ovaries. Menopause typically occurs in women in midlife and signals the end of the fertile phase of a woman\u2019s life. The transition from reproductive to non-reproductive is the result of a major reduction in female hormonal production by the ovaries. During the menopause remarkable changes happen in the mouth cavity as osteoporosis, periodontal disease, Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS) and xerostomia. The aim of this work is to describe the changes that occur during the menopause in the mouth cavity and the preventive protocols used in the Preventive Dental Department of the University of Milan. Material and Methods: A systematic literature review about the menopause and its modifications in the mouth cavity have been made using the data base Medline and key words as \u201coral health\u201d and \u201cmenopause\u201d have been searched. Discussion and Conclusions: Different changes in women oral condition can be observed during menopause. These pathological conditions are typical of the hormonal phase and they must be known by clinicians in order to make a correct intervention. Problems as osteoporosis, periodontal disease, Burning mouth syndrome and xerostomia could be prevented using specific protocols

The Turin Shroud face: the evidence of maxillo-facial trauma

The Turin Shroud (TS) is a linen cloth commonly associated with Jesus Christ, his crucifixion and burial. Several medical specialists have debated the injuries of the TS Man, nevertheless there are no detailed and quantitative data about the anatomy of the TS face. The purpose of this study was to analyse the cephalometric measurements of the face image of the TS. The TS face image was acquired by a picture and processed using a cephalometric software, Oris Ceph® (Up to date 2012). The image of the soft tissues was processed in order to obtain skeletal points and a cephalometric analysis of the soft and skeletal tissues was performed. Image processing of the TS face shows that the Man represented in it has undergone a maxillo-facial trauma, especially a left displacement of the mandible, probably due to temporo-mandibular joint lesions. This condition has not been described before, despite several studies on the subject

Functional evaluation in orthodontic surgical treatment: long-term stability and predictability

Background: The introduction of electromyographic and kinesiographic technology in orthodontics allows to obtain objective data regarding the functional aspects of the mandibular movements and the masticatory muscular activity. It is then important to be able to correlate the data obtained by instrumental activity with the clinical ones. The aim of this study consists to analyse the post ortodontic surgical stability through instrumental evaluation of the masticatory muscles and mandibular movements. Method: 30 patients undergo electromyographic and kinesiographic evaluations through all the surgical orthodontic iter and were than followed during other 4 years. JMP software was used to analyze and correlate the electromyographic and knesioographic data during treatment and during the follow up. Results: A linear correlations between some functional objective values collected from the examinations at the beginning and during therapy and the follow up one has been demonstrated. Conclusion: It is important to submit patients in surgical ortodontic treatment to instrumental analysis which can evidence how masticatory function and mandibular movements are performed. It is also important to highlight some functional values also from the beginning of the treatment because an alteration of such values can be related to a better or worse postsurgical rehabilitation

Orthodontic-surgical treatment: electromyographic and kinesiographic evaluation in follow up period : Experimental study

Introduction. The aim of this study was to investigate muscular function and mandibular kinesiology of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment by electromyography and kinesiography. Electromyographic evaluation is essential to estimate masticatory forces in patients undergoing combined surgical-orthodontic treatment. Materials and methods. 60 patients referred for orthodontic surgical treatment were included in the study, 43 patients presented a class III while 17 presented a class II. The patients underwent electromyographic and kinesiographic examinations during all the therapeutic orthodontic-surgical phases. Results. The relationship between fundamental electromyographic values and age, weight, asymmetry and activation was weak. A strong and positive relationship was observed between the relaxation percentage after TENS (transcutaneous electrical neuromuscular stimulation), the steepness of the post-surgery rehabilitation curve, the initial POC (percentage overlapping coefficient), and for the values in microvolts of the right and left temporal and masseters at the beginning of treatment. Conclusions. Patients with dentofacial deformities corrected by surgical treatment, have a significant positive treatment outcome in respect of masticatory activity and performance electromyographic evaluation on, before, during and follow up period of the analized patients permit to underline that this examination can predict long term stability