Connecting Uyghur Forced Labor to the Fashion Industries

“The happiest Muslims in the world” is the absurd saying issued by the Chinese government describing the estimated one million Uyghur Muslims held in detention camps in Xinjiang, China. In the past few years, Uyghurs and Turkic Muslim minorities have been disappearing into what the Chinese government formally labels as “re-education camps.” In these camps there has been evidence that exploitative forced labor is occurring. The factories that Uyghurs work at in Xinjiang, have been proven to supply chain ties to some of the most popular U.S. fashion brands such as ZARA, Calvin Klein (PVH), and Victoria’s Secret (L brands). Many of these companies currently do not have any clear plans to disassociate themselves. To combat the human rights violations that restrict the freedoms of the Uyghurs, we explore specific ties to supply chains from Xinjiang and the use of Uyghur forced labor. Our report will examine specifically how supply chain tracing in the industry is conducted. Pressuring the government to reveal answers requires targeted arguments about how they are failing to uphold the law. Specifically, for over 90 years, U.S. legislation through the Tariff Act of 1930 has explicitly made it illegal to import “goods, wares, articles, and merchandise mined, produced, or manufactured wholly or in part by forced labor” into the United States. Companies are getting away with goods tied to Xinjiang whether it is intentional or not. The purpose of this research is to uncover undeniable, indisputable evidence and information of forced labor in which groups and nations can utilize to further investigate their own supply chains. In understanding which factories and companies display red flags, there is an opportunity for change in practices to begin starting in the U.S., then on a global scale.https://orb.binghamton.edu/research_days_posters_2021/1057/thumbnail.jp

Murmurs: the journal of art and healing

In an era of unprecedented physician burnout and disconnection, there is growing recognition of the importance of integrating the study of humanities in medicine. Emerging research has underscored the importance of reflective writing and creativity in bolstering physician resilience. The publication “Murmurs Magazine,” therefore, should be of great interest to medical educators. This publication was developed and continues to be managed by medical students as a forum for creative expression and reflection

«Servicio de Dios, beneficio del público y utilidad del Estado». La fundación de conventos franciscanos en la Nueva España, 1700-1821

The records from the establishment of Franciscan convents in New Spain under the Bourbon reign, shows a great variety of arguments about how the convents could be used. Aside from being necessary for religious purposes, we found that they were also important for civilian aims, for the localities where they were founded, and for the Crown. Nevertheless fiscal Ramón de Posada, among others, made efforts to force these convents to serve only as religious institutions.Los expedientes para la fundación de conventos franciscanos en Nueva España bajo los Borbones, muestran la multiplicidad de argumentos de su utilidad. Necesarios por motivos religiosos, pero también civiles; tanto para las localidades donde se instalaban como para la Corona. Más hubo esfuerzos por reducirlos a entidades exclusivamente religiosas, por parte sobre todo del fiscal Ramón de Posada

Disciplinando a los curas: Inmunidad personal del clero y control real en el virreinato del Perú, 1755-1775

In the last decades of the eighteenth century, the Bourbon Crown was determined to undermine the personal immunity of the clergy. Examining two assaults on royal authorities by priests serving in indigenous parishes, this research analyses the capacity for political manoeuvre of Crown and Church in the Viceroyalty of Peru, prior to the enactment of legal limitations to such exemption. One of the victims was the political and military governor of Tarma, who was in charge of suppressing the Indian rebellion of Juan Santos Atahualpa. Despite not getting the ecclesiastical tribunal to punish the priests to its satisfaction, the Crown took advantage of the dispute to strengthen a royalist position.En las últimas décadas del siglo XVIII, la corona borbónica se empeñó en socavar la inmunidad personal del clero. Examinando dos atropellamientos a autoridades reales por parte de curas doctrinarios, esta investigación analiza la capacidad de maniobra política de la Corona y la Iglesia en el virreinato del Perú, antes de la promulgación de limitaciones legales a tal exención. Una de las víctimas fue el gobernador político y militar de Tarma, quien estaba a cargo de reprimir la rebelión india de Juan Santos Atahualpa. A pesar de no lograr que el tribunal eclesiástico castigue satisfactoriamente a los curas, la Corona aprovechó la disputa para fortificar una posición regalista

Well-being Indicators, Social Globalization, and Unaccompanied Child Migration from Central America

This research investigates the effect of well-being indictors and social globalization on the migration of Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) from Central America. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the surge in UAC that began in 2014 at the United States southern border is driven primarily by violence, or whether other factors are at play. Using data for the period 2008-2018, the apprehension of UAC serves as a proxy for measuring unaccompanied child migration to the United States. The four countries of focus are El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico as they contribute the largest numbers of child migrants by country of origin. Well-being indicators will extend beyond the traditional definitions of economic prosperity, to include measures on the overall well-being of youth, as supported by the literature. Unemployment rates of young adults and expected years of schooling are included as a measure of youth engagement in productive activities, while homicide rates measure the threat to leading a productive, healthy life. Global social network links are considered as possible pull factors of migration and measured through a social globalization index. First, a parametric fixed effects regression model is used to show the relationship between the various push-pull factors and UAC migration. The engagement of youth in school or work, along with increased social globalization, prove to be significant in explaining heightened UAC migration. Second, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests reveal that the populations of the four source countries are not statistically similar and should not be treated as one. Finally, change point detection ties changes in UAC migratory patterns to the historical events of the time period

Social Globalization, Well-Being Indicators and Unaccompanied Child Migration From Central America

This research investigates the effect of well-being indicators and social globalization on the migration of Unaccompanied Alien Children (UAC) from Central America. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the surge in UAC that began in 2014 at the U.S. southern border is driven primarily by violence or whether other factors are at play. The apprehension of UAC serves as a proxy for measuring unaccompanied child migration to the United States. Unemployment rates of young adults and expected years of schooling are included as a measure of youth engagement in productive activities, while homicide rates measure the threat to leading a productive, healthy life. Global social network links are considered as possible pull factors of migration and measured through a social globalization index. The results of a fixed effects regression model reveal that youth idleness, along with increased social globalization, prove to be significant in explaining heightened UAC migration

Disappear

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-vp-copyright/5785/thumbnail.jp