The Neglected Pillar: The Teaching Tolerance Provision Of The International Convention On The Elimination Of All Forms Of Racial Discrimination

As we celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights\u27 this year, I would like to take particular note of the first of the core human rights treaties developed since adoption of the Universal Declaration, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination

How Can Civilian Retention in the Army Contracting Command Contracting Professional Community Be Affected?

Proceedings Paper (for Acquisition Research Program)There is a civilian retention issue within the contracting professional community at the Army Contracting Command (ACC). This research paper explores the causes and impacts of it, and offers solutions. The presented solutions are supported through the introduction of a novel formula which provides helpful indicators for the issue.Acquisition Research ProgramApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

“Color” in the Non-Discrimination Provisions of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Two Covenants

The United Nations Charter declares in its opening article that one of the purposes of the United Nations is to promote respect for human rights “without distinction as to” any of four grounds: race, sex, language, or religion. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (“UDHR”), adopted three years later, expands the list of prohibited grounds of discrimination and proclaims that everyone is entitled to human rights “without distinction of any kind, such as” the following: “race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” Numerous international and regional human rights treaties adopted after the Universal Declaration reproduce the UDHR’s list virtually verbatim in their non-discrimination clauses, and therefore include “color” in addition to “race” among the prohibited grounds of discrimination. These clauses usually appear near the very beginning of the treaty, thereby emphasizing the importance of the non-discrimination principle What led the drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to add “color” to its non-discrimination clause, rather than just adopt the language from the UN Charter is an important question considering its inclusion in so many other documents. This paper examines the drafting history behind that development. It then addresses “color” in the two treaties that grew out of the UDHR and which, together with that instrument, form the International Bill of Human Rights: the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. The Article concludes with an overview of some of the key features of those treaties that can be used to address discrimination on the basis of color

Investigation of the Statistics of Pure Tone Sound Power Injection from Low Frequency, Finite Sized Sources in a Reverberant Room

The effect of finite source size on the power statistics in a reverberant room for pure tone excitation was investigated. Theoretical results indicate that the standard deviation of low frequency, pure tone finite sources is always less than that predicted by point source theory and considerably less when the source dimension approaches one-half an acoustic wavelength or greater. A supporting experimental study was conducted utilizing an eight inch loudspeaker and a 30 inch loudspeaker at eleven source positions. The resulting standard deviation of sound power output of the smaller speaker is in excellent agreement with both the derived finite source theory and existing point source theory, if the theoretical data is adjusted to account for experimental incomplete spatial averaging. However, the standard deviation of sound power output of the larger speaker is measurably lower than point source theory indicates, but is in good agreement with the finite source theory

Competition alters predicted forest carbon cycle responses to nitrogen availability and elevated CO2: simulations using an explicitly competitive, game-theoretic vegetation demographic model

Competition is a major driver of carbon allocation to different plant tissues (e.g., wood, leaves, fine roots), and allocation, in turn, shapes vegetation structure. To improve their modeling of the terrestrial carbon cycle, many Earth system models now incorporate vegetation demographic models (VDMs) that explicitly simulate the processes of individual-based competition for light and soil resources. Here, in order to understand how these competition processes affect predictions of the terrestrial carbon cycle, we simulate forest responses to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] along a nitrogen availability gradient, using a VDM that allows us to compare fixed allocation strategies vs. competitively optimal allocation strategies. Our results show that competitive and fixed strategies predict opposite fractional allocation to fine roots and wood, though they predict similar changes in total net primary production (NPP) along the nitrogen gradient. The competitively optimal allocation strategy predicts decreasing fine root and increasing wood allocation with increasing nitrogen, whereas the fixed strategy predicts the opposite. Although simulated plant biomass at equilibrium increases with nitrogen due to increases in photosynthesis for both allocation strategies, the increase in biomass with nitrogen is much steeper for competitively optimal allocation due to its increased allocation to wood. The qualitatively opposite fractional allocation to fine roots and wood of the two strategies also impacts the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant biomass. Whereas the fixed allocation strategy predicts an increase in plant biomass under elevated [CO2] that is approximately independent of nitrogen availability, competition leads to higher plant biomass response to elevated [CO2] with increasing nitrogen availability. Our results indicate that the VDMs that explicitly include the effects of competition for light and soil resources on allocation may generate significantly different ecosystem-level predictions of carbon storage than those that use fixed strategies

Body, mind, spirit, voice : Helen Kemp and the development of the children's choir movement

The purpose of this research was to document the contributions of Helen Kemp to the development of the children's choir movement. As a result of her professional contributions, Kemp became an internationally recognized specialist in the area of children's choirs and the child's voice. A brief overview of the children's choir movement in the United States is included to provide a context from which Helen Kemp's role in the children's choir movement can be more clearly understood. Helen Kemp (1918-)received vocal and church music training at Westminster Choir College. As a result of early experiences as a vocalist, children's choir director, and mother, Kemp developed an interest in child vocal development and children's choirs. After moving to Oklahoma with her husband in 1949, Kemp established many of her children's choir philosophies and techniques while serving as children's choir director at First Presbyterian Church in Oklahoma City

Cytochrome analysis of a cytoplasmic mutant of neurospora crassa

Much insight into the structure and function of genes has been obtained through the comparison of the wild type gene with its mutant allele. The only mutations that could be studied were those that resulted in identifiable phenotypic changes (markers). Nuclear chromosomes have been well characterized through those genetic markers which occurred as either the primary or secondary effects of mutation. Cytoplasmic inheritance has not been characterized as clearly as nuclear inheritance due to a shortage of available mutants and a lack of suitable genetic markers. Various cytoplasmic mutants of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa have provided some insight into cytoplasmic inheritance. The phenotypic expression of these mutations was typically a changed pattern of growth and a change in cytochrome concentration and distribution due to alterations in the mitochondria. By the use of these characteristic markers, successive stages may be observed in the phenotypic change produced in wild type cells by the micro-injection of [mi-l] mitochondria

The Use of Social Media by Dental Students for Communication and Learning: Two Viewpoints

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/153760/1/jddjde019072.pd