Cyberbullying among adolescents: Measures in search of a construct

Objective: This review focuses on the literature on cyberbullying among adolescents. Currently, there is no unified theoretical framework to move the field of cyberbullying forward. Due to some unique features of cyberbullying, researchers have generally assumed that it is distinct from aggression perpetrated in person. Many measures of cyberbullying have been developed based on this assumption rather than to test competing models and inform a theoretical framework for cyberbullying. Approach: We review current theory and research on cyberbullying within the context of the broader literature on aggression to explore the usefulness of the assumption that cyberbullying represents a distinct form of aggression. Associations between cyberbullying and general forms of aggression and psychosocial predictors of cyberbullying are discussed. Conclusions: Based on the empirical research, we suggest that the media through which aggression is perpetrated may be best conceptualized as a new dimension on which aggression can be classified, rather than cyberbullying as a distinct counterpart to existing forms of aggression. Research on cyberbullying should be considered within the context of theoretical and empirical knowledge of aggression in adolescence. Using this approach will create a theoretical framework for understanding cyberbullying, focus future research, and guide prevention efforts

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokines and Neurodegeneration-Associated Proteins in Parkinson's Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Immune markers are altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), but relationships between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasma cytokines and associations with neurodegeneration-associated proteins remain unclear. METHODS: CSF and plasma samples and demographic/clinical measures were obtained from 35 PD patients. CSF samples were analyzed for cytokines (together with plasma) and for α-synuclein, amyloid β(1-42) peptide, total tau, and phospho(Thr231)-tau. RESULTS: There were no CSF-plasma cytokine correlations. Interleukin (IL)-8 was higher and interferon-γ, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α were lower in CSF versus plasma. In CSF, total tau correlated positively with IL-8 and IL-1β, whereas α-synuclein correlated positively with amyloid β(1-42) and negatively with semantic fluency (a known marker of PD dementia risk). DISCUSSION: CSF and peripheral cytokine profiles in PD are not closely related. Associations between CSF IL-8 and IL-1β and tau suggest that CSF inflammatory changes may relate to tau pathology within PD. CSF α-synuclein/amyloid β may reflect the risk of developing PD dementia. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.Funding for this work was provided by the Rosetrees Trust (M369-F1), Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust (PF15/CWG) and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre Dementia and Neurodegeneration Theme (146281). RSW was supported by a Fellowship from Addenbrooke’s Charitable Trust (RG77199). SFM was supported by the Transeuro EU FP7 grant (242003) and is now an NIHR Academic Clinical Fellow (ACF-2015-23-501). DPB is supported by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Career Development Fellowship. RAB is an NIHR Senior Investigator (NF-SI-0616-10011) and is supported by the Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute. CHWG holds a RCUK/UKRI Research Innovation Fellowship awarded by the Medical Research Council (MR/R007446/1) and receives support from the Cambridge Centre for Parkinson-Plus

The Cerebrospinal Fluid Profile of Cholesterol Metabolites in Parkinson’s Disease and Their Association With Disease State and Clinical Features

Disordered cholesterol metabolism is linked to neurodegeneration. In this study we investigated the profile of cholesterol metabolites found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. When adjustments were made for confounding variables of age and sex, 7α,(25R)26-dihydroxycholesterol and a second oxysterol 7α,x,y-trihydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (7α,x,y-triHCO), whose exact structure is unknown, were found to be significantly elevated in PD CSF. The likely location of the additional hydroxy groups on the second oxysterol are on the sterol side-chain. We found that CSF 7α-hydroxycholesterol levels correlated positively with depression in PD patients, while two presumptively identified cholestenoic acids correlated negatively with depression

Trefoil factor 2 rapidly induces interleukin 33 to promote type 2 immunity during allergic asthma and hookworm infection

The molecular mechanisms that drive mucosal T helper type 2 (T[subscript H]2) responses against parasitic helminths and allergens remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate in mice that TFF2 (trefoil factor 2), an epithelial cell–derived repair molecule, is needed for the control of lung injury caused by the hookworm parasite Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and for type 2 immunity after infection. TFF2 is also necessary for the rapid production of IL-33, a T[subscript H]2-promoting cytokine, by lung epithelia, alveolar macrophages, and inflammatory dendritic cells in infected mice. TFF2 also increases the severity of allergic lung disease caused by house dust mite antigens or IL-13. Moreover, TFF2 messenger RNA expression is significantly increased in nasal mucosal brushings during asthma exacerbations in children. These experiments extend the biological functions of TFF2 from tissue repair to the initiation and maintenance of mucosal T[subscript H]2 responses

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Beliefs_about_Fighting_Scale_unblinded_R2 – Supplemental material for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale

<p>Supplemental material, Beliefs_about_Fighting_Scale_unblinded_R2 for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale by Albert D. Farrell, Amie F. Bettencourt and Krista R. Mehari in The Journal of Early Adolescence</p

BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-3_JEA_2018_05_17 – Supplemental material for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale

<p>Supplemental material, BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-3_JEA_2018_05_17 for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale by Albert D. Farrell, Amie F. Bettencourt and Krista R. Mehari in The Journal of Early Adolescence</p

BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-1_JEA_2018_05_17 – Supplemental material for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale

<p>Supplemental material, BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-1_JEA_2018_05_17 for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale by Albert D. Farrell, Amie F. Bettencourt and Krista R. Mehari in The Journal of Early Adolescence</p

BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-2_JEA_2018_05_17 – Supplemental material for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale

<p>Supplemental material, BAFS_Measurement_Study_R2_Table_S-2_JEA_2018_05_17 for Beliefs About Fighting and Their Relations to Urban Adolescents’ Frequency of Aggression and Victimization: Evaluation of the Beliefs About Fighting Scale by Albert D. Farrell, Amie F. Bettencourt and Krista R. Mehari in The Journal of Early Adolescence</p

Promoting education and awareness of local foods at UBC

Globalization of our food system has led to many detrimental effects, including a decrease in its environmental, economic, and social sustainability. The problems faced by today’s global food system are mirrored in the University of British Columbia’s (UBC) food system. For this reason, the Faculty of Land and Food Systems has partnered with other campus organizations to implement the UBC Food System Project (UBCFSP), aimed at increasing the long term sustainability of the UBC food system through re-localization. There are many facets to this project, and creating an educational campaign to promote awareness on campus of the benefits of consuming local foods is just one. Our group defines “local” as products produced in British Columbia (BC). Drawing on research, ideas, and proposals from our colleagues in previous years of AGSC 450, we have developed a campaign to educate the UBC population about the benefits of choosing to consume local foods. We propose a set of educational pieces, including logos, a pamphlet, posters, a laminated dry-erase poster, table tents, mini-posters, and a website as tools for our campaign. The campaign also includes an interactive event, Local Food Day, to be held on October 16th, 2006, in the Student Union Building (SUB) concourse. This event will involve campus food providers and community organizations, and will promote local foods in a fun and interactive manner. In order to implement this campaign in the fall of 2006, we suggest that the Faculty of Land and Food Systems hire a work study student. This is a cost efficient strategy as wages are subsidized by the UBC Financial Assistance and Awards Office. A practical timeline for the implementation of the campaign is provided in this paper, along with recommendations to both the UBCFSP partners and our future AGSC 450 (2007) colleagues. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”Land and Food Systems, Faculty ofUnreviewedUndergraduat