234 research outputs found

    Effect of Exhaust Gas on Natural Stone Tablets, a Laboratory Experiment

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    8 different natural stone types were exposed to exhaust gas under laboratory conditions to assess urban stone damage. 3 cm in diameter cylindrical test specimens were made from travertine, non-porous limestone, limestone, rhyolite tuff, sandstone, andesite, granite and marble. The samples were exposed for 1, 2, 4 and 8 hours to exhaust gas that was generated by compression ignition internal combustion engine. The exhaust emission was measured. The operating conditions of the engine were documented and several parameters (weight, density, ultrasonic pulse velocity, capillary water absorption, porosity) were measured before and after exhaust gas exposure. The tests indicate that despite the deposition of soot on the surface a significant material loss was recorded at rhyolite tuff (2m%) and at andesite (1m%). The penetration depth of soot was also different for different lithologies. A correlation was found between the ultrasonic pulse velocity and density of tested stones

    Szemantikai intuíciók mint nyelvészeti adatok = Semantic intuitions as linguistic facts

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    A projektum szemantikai intuíciók vizsgálatával foglalkozott. Ezen belül az egyik kutatott területet a szavak elsődleges és nem elsődleges jelentéseinek egymáshoz való viszonya, illetőleg különböző szavak közötti szemantikai viszonyok alkották. Az elemzések eredménye: a poliszémiát előállító és reprezentáló eljárások, azon belül is a magyar főnévi poliszémiatípusok klasszifikációja, valamint az implicit argumentumok - a szemantikai intuíciókra mint adatokra erőteljesen támaszkodó - értelmezésalapú magyarázatának kritikai felülvizsgálata. Projektumunk másik nagyobb kutatási terepét a metaforákra vonatkozó intuitív ítéletek képezték. A metaforák azonosítására vonatkozó - intuitív ítéleteken alapuló - kognitivista eljárások áttekintése tisztázta, hogy a metaforák megragadására lehetőség nyílik mind elméletspecifikus, mind pedig többé-kevésbé elméletsemleges szinten. Ezzel pedig megnyílik az út a metaforakutatásban használt adatok problémáinak újragondolása felé. A részprojektum további eredménye: kísérletekkel igazoltuk, hogy kvantifikálható a nyelvhasználók metaforákra vonatkozó intuitív esztétikai értékítélete. Végül a nyelvtanulással foglalkozó részprojektum didaktikai és módszertani javaslatokat fogalmazott meg az idegen nyelvű szövegértés fejlesztésére. | The aim of this project was the examination of semantic intuitions. More specifically, one of the topics under consideration was that of relationships between primary and secondary meanings of words, and the semantic relationships between words in general. As a result of the analyses, a classification of the procedures that derive and represent polysemy, and of the types of polysemy in Hungarian nouns, was developed. Furthermore, the interpretational explanation of the licensing of implicit arguments, which heavily relies on semantic intuitions, was critically assessed. Another significant field of research of our project was that of intuitive judgments pertaining to metaphors. Certain cognitivist procedures of metaphor identification that are based on intuitive judgments were reviewed, and it was established that metaphors can be delimited both on a theory-specific and on a more or less theory-neutral level. This opens the way to a reconsideration of problems pertaining to data in metaphor research. A further result that was reached in this part of the project was an experimental verification of the assumption that speakers? intuitive aesthetic value judgments pertaining to metaphors can be quantified. Finally, the part of the project that dealt with language learning put forward didactic and methodological proposals for improving the comprehension of foreign language texts

    Changes in cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzyme activity induced by xenobiotics in rabbits in vivo and in vitro

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    [EN] As considerable inter-species differences exist in xenobiotic metabolism, developing new pharmaceutical therapies for use in different species is fraught with difficulties. For this reason, very few medicines have been registered for use in rabbits, despite their importance in inter alia meat and fur production. We have developed a rapid and sensitive screening system for drug safety in rabbits based on cytochrome P450 enzyme assays, specifically CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP3A6, employing an adaptation of the luciferin-based clinical assay currently used in human drug screening. Short-term (4-h) cultured rabbit primary hepatocytes were treated with a cytochrome inducer (phenobarbital) and 2 inhibitors (alpha-naphthoflavone and ketoconazole). In parallel, and to provide verification, New Zealand white rabbits were dosed with 80 mg/kg phenobarbital or 40 mg/kg ketoconazole for 3 d. Ketoconazole significantly increased CYP3A6 gene expression and decreased CYP3A6 activity both in vitro and in vivo. CYP1A1 activity was decreased by ketoconazole in vitro and increased in vivo. This is the first report of the inducer effect of ketoconazole on rabbit cytochrome isoenzymes in vivo. Our data support the use of a luciferin-based assay in short-term primary hepatocytes as an appropriate tool for xenobiotic metabolism assays and short-term toxicity testing in rabbits.The study was supported by the Research Faculty Grant 2014 of the Szent István University, Faculty of Veterinary Science (grant no. KK-UK-15266), and by the Hungarian Scientific Research Found (OTKA 105718). We are grateful to Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University for enable to use their Beckman L7-65 Ultracentrifuge.Palócz, O.; Farkas, O.; Clayton, P.; Csikó, G. (2017). Changes in cytochrome P450 gene expression and enzyme activity induced by xenobiotics in rabbits in vivo and in vitro. World Rabbit Science. 25(2):173-180. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.4574SWORD17318025

    A juvenilis és felnőttkori dermatomyositises betegek klinikai jellemzői

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    Absztrakt Bevezetés: A juvenilis és felnőttkori dermatomyositisek szisztémás autoimmun megbetegedések, jellegzetességük a proximális végtagizomzat szimmetrikus gyengesége és típusos bőrtünetek megjelenése. Célkitűzés: A felnőttkori, illetve gyermekkori dermatomyositises betegek összehasonlítása tüneteik, laboratóriumi és immunszerológiai paramétereik, terápiára adott válaszuk, illetve kórlefolyásuk alapján. Módszer: A szerzők a vizsgálatban részt vevő betegek klinikai dokumentációinak retrospektív elemzésével összehasonlították a juvenilis és felnőttkori dermatomyositises betegcsoportokat a célkitűzésben megadott szempontok alapján. A kutatásba 27 juvenilis (átlagéletkor: 8,7 év, átlagos követési idő: 104,6 hónap) és 30 felnőttkori (átlagéletkor: 50,3, átlagos követési idő: 58,1 hónap) dermatomyositises beteget vontak be. Eredmények: A juvenilis dermatomyositises betegek között gyakrabban került sor cyclosporin A és intravénás immunglobulin alkalmazására. A felnőtt korú betegek között az akut betegségkezdet gyakrabban fordult elő. Gyermekekben a tünetek fokozatosan jelentkeznek. Következtetések: A szerzők eredményei egyeznek a szakirodalomban leírtakkal. Megfigyeléseik szerint a két alcsoport klinikailag és terápiás szempontból is különbözik. Betegeik rendszeres gondozása a remisszió elérése után is szükséges – elkerülve ezzel a rossz betegcompliance-t –, ezáltal csökkenthető a relapsusok száma és súlyossága. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(37), 1491–1496

    Interaction of folic acid and some matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor folate-γ-hydroxamate derivatives with Zn(II) and human serum albumin

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    Human serum albumin binding of folic acid and its γ-hydroxamate/ carboxylate derivatives was studied by ultrafiltration and spectrofluorimetry, and it was found that the ligands exhibit a moderate binding (KD ∼ 2-50 μM), and the folate-γ-phenylalanine represents the highest conditional binding constant towards albumin. This feature may have importance in the serum transport processes of these ligands. Interaction of folic acid and its derivatives with Zn(II) was investigated in aqueous solution to obtain the composition and stabilities of the complexes by the means of pH-potentiometry, 1H NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, together with the characterization of the proton dissociation processes and the hydro-lipophilic properties of the ligands. The formation of mono-ligand complexes was demonstrated in all cases and the contribution of the glutamyl carboxylates to the coordination was excluded. Binding of folic acid and its γ-carboxylate derivatives to Zn(II) via the pteridine moiety is suggested, while the (O,O) coordination fashion of the folate-γ-hydroxamate ligands has importance in their inhibitory activity against Zn(II)-containing matrix metalloproteinases. It was found that the enzyme inhibition of these folate-γ-hydroxamate ligands is mainly tuned by other features, such as the lipophilic character rather than the Zn(II)-chelate stability. © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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