Aspects of fiscal structure & policy in Iraq, 1953-1963 –with reference to their effects on economic development

The present study is basically a study of the main aspects of fiscal structure and policy in Iraq during 1953-1963, and with reference to their effects on economic growth in Iraq. The study is divided into five chapter s and three appendices. Chapter one deals mainly with the exposition of the national accounts of the Iraqi economy, with some emphasis on the role of the government’s sector. This chapter forms the factual background against which problems of fiscal structure and policy in Iraq are examined. Since the exposition in chapter one has been based mainly on one single source of statistical material on the national accounts of Iraq, other alternative estimates are shown in Appendix 1. Appendix 2 includes a brief survey of the major conceptual problems involved in the measurement of national income. Chapter two includes a detailed analysis of the role of fiscal policy in accelerating the growth rate of an underdeveloped economy. While it has been attempted to analyse a wide range of problems involved in fiscal policy the problem of the effect of fiscal policy on the rate of capital formation was stressed in particular, since the rate of capital formation is viewed as the primary parameter of growth. Hence, chapter two forms the analytical background against which problems of fiscal structure and policy in Iraq are examined. Chapter three examines the revenue system and tax policy in Iraq. The first three sections examine the revenue system in general, while the forth section includes a detailed analysis of tax policy in Iraq. This is done mainly against the factual and analytical backgrounds already developed in the previous two chapters. Chapter four includes a detailed examination of the pattern of government expenditure in Iraq, mainly with reference to its possible effect on the rate of capital formation in the economy. Chapter five includes the summary and conclusions of the study. Finally, all tables are included in the statistical appendix

Resonances for "large" ergodic systems in one dimension: a review

The present note reviews recent results on resonances for one-dimensional quantum ergodic systems constrained to a large box. We restrict ourselves to one dimensional models in the discrete case. We consider two type of ergodic potentials on the half-axis, periodic potentials and random potentials. For both models, we describe the behavior of the resonances near the real axis for a large typical sample of the potential. In both cases, the linear density of their real parts is given by the density of states of the full ergodic system. While in the periodic case, the resonances distribute on a nice analytic curve (once their imaginary parts are suitably renormalized), In the random case, the resonances (again after suitable renormalization of both the real and imaginary parts) form a two dimensional Poisson cloud

Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering from Valence Excitations in Insulating Copper-Oxides

We report resonant inelastic x-ray measurements of insulating La$_2$CuO$_4$ and Sr$_2$CuO$_2$Cl$_2$ taken with the incident energy tuned near the Cu K absorption edge. We show that the spectra are well described in a shakeup picture in 3rd order perturbation theory which exhibits both incoming and outgoing resonances, and demonstrate how to extract a spectral function from the raw data. We conclude by showing {\bf q}-dependent measurements of the charge transfer gap.Comment: minor notational changes, discussion of anderson impurity model fixed, references added; accepted by PR

Electrostatic and electrokinetic contributions to the elastic moduli of a driven membrane

We discuss the electrostatic contribution to the elastic moduli of a cell or artificial membrane placed in an electrolyte and driven by a DC electric field. The field drives ion currents across the membrane, through specific channels, pumps or natural pores. In steady state, charges accumulate in the Debye layers close to the membrane, modifying the membrane elastic moduli. We first study a model of a membrane of zero thickness, later generalizing this treatment to allow for a finite thickness and finite dielectric constant. Our results clarify and extend the results presented in [D. Lacoste, M. Cosentino Lagomarsino, and J. F. Joanny, Europhys. Lett., {\bf 77}, 18006 (2007)], by providing a physical explanation for a destabilizing term proportional to \kps^3 in the fluctuation spectrum, which we relate to a nonlinear ($E^2$) electro-kinetic effect called induced-charge electro-osmosis (ICEO). Recent studies of ICEO have focused on electrodes and polarizable particles, where an applied bulk field is perturbed by capacitive charging of the double layer and drives flow along the field axis toward surface protrusions; in contrast, we predict "reverse" ICEO flows around driven membranes, due to curvature-induced tangential fields within a non-equilibrium double layer, which hydrodynamically enhance protrusions. We also consider the effect of incorporating the dynamics of a spatially dependent concentration field for the ion channels.Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures. Under review for EPJ

Acceptability and appropriateness of a clinical pathway for managing anxiety and depression in cancer patients: a mixed methods study of staff perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Clinical pathways (CPs) can improve health outcomes, but to be sustainable, must be deemed acceptable and appropriate by staff. A CP for screening and management of anxiety and depression in cancer patients (the ADAPT CP) was implemented in 12 Australian oncology services for 12 months, within a cluster randomised controlled trial of core versus enhanced implementation strategies. This paper compares staff-perceived acceptability and appropriateness of the ADAPT CP across study arms. METHODS: Multi-disciplinary lead teams at each service tailored, planned, championed and implemented the CP. Staff at participating services, purposively selected for diversity, completed a survey and participated in an interview prior to implementation (T0), and at midpoint (6 months: T1) and end (12 months: T2) of implementation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. RESULTS: Seven metropolitan and 5 regional services participated. Questionnaires were completed by 106, 58 and 57 staff at T0, T1 and T2 respectively. Eighty-eight staff consented to be interviewed at T0, with 89 and 76 at T1 and T2 (response rates 70%, 66% and 57%, respectively). Acceptability/appropriateness, on the quantitative measure, was high at T0 (mean of 31/35) and remained at that level throughout the study, with no differences between staff from core versus enhanced services. Perceived burden was relatively low (mean of 11/20) with no change over time. Lowest scores and greatest variability pertained to perceived impact on workload, time and cost. Four major themes were identified: 1) Mental health is an important issue which ADAPT addresses; 2) ADAPT helps staff deliver best care, and reduces staff stress; 3) ADAPT is fit for purpose, for both cancer care services and patients; 4) ADAPT: a catalyst for change. Opposing viewpoints are outlined. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated high staff-perceived acceptability and appropriateness of the ADAPT CP with regards to its focus, evidence-base, utility to staff and patients, and ability to create change. However, concerns remained regarding burden on staff and time commitment. Strategies from a policy and managerial level will likely be required to overcome the latter issues. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered prospectively with the ANZCTR on 22/3/2017. Trial ID ACTRN12617000411347. https://www.anzctr.org.au/