38 research outputs found

    Effets à 3 mois du changement de l'insulinothérapie par le liraglutide chez des patients diabétiques de type 2 (résultats intermédiaires) /

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    AprĂšs une escalade thĂ©rapeutique plus ou moins rapide, l'insulinothĂ©rapie instaurĂ©e dans le cadre du traitement du diabĂšte de type 2 permet une amĂ©lioration de l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique. Elle peut cependant induire une prise de poids qui n'est pas souhaitĂ©e pour le patient, dĂ©jĂ  en surpoids ou obĂšse. L'apparition sur le marchĂ© des analogues du GLP-1 agissant sur l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique et induisant une perte de poids, apportent l'espoir d'amĂ©liorer la prise en charge des patients diabĂ©tiques de type 2. L'objet de ce travail est de mesure l'efficacitĂ© d'une substitution Ă  l'insulinothĂ©rapie d'un traitement par incrĂ©tines (liraglutide), chez des patients diabĂ©tiques de type 2 adultes, en surpoids ou obĂšses, et insuffisamment contrĂŽlĂ©s au niveau glycĂ©mique par l'association antidiabĂ©tiques oraux et insuline. Il s'agit d'une Ă©tude prospective descriptive et analytique, non randomisĂ©e, portant actuellement sur 13 patients (40 patients au total seront inclus dans l'Ă©tude), diabĂ©tiques de type 2 ayant une HbA1c >= 7% et ayant un IMC >= 25 kg/m , recevant initialement un traitement par antidiabĂ©tiques oraux et insuline. Le critĂšre principal est la diminution de 1% de l'hĂ©moglobine glycosylĂ©e Ă  3 mois du changement de traitement. Les critĂšres secondaires sont les variations cliniques (pression artĂ©rielle), anthropomĂ©triques (poids, indice de masse corporelle, rĂ©partition masse grasse/masse maigre) et biologiques (glycĂ©mie, bilan lipidique, bilan hĂ©patique, albuminĂ©mie, prĂ©albuminĂ©mie, uricĂ©mie, ferritinĂ©mie, fonction rĂ©nale, peptide C urinaire) Ă  3 mois du changement de traitement. Cette thĂšse prĂ©sente les rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires de l'Ă©tude. 10 patients ont terminĂ©s l'Ă©tude Ă  3 mois. 3 patients ont Ă©tĂ© exclus pour augmentation des glycĂ©mies entre 48h et 1 mois du relais de l'insuline par le liraglutide. Les rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires ne montrent pas de variation significative de l'hĂ©moglobine glycosylĂ©e. Il est par contre observĂ© une perte de poids liĂ©e Ă  la perte significative de masse grasse sans perte de masse maigre. A ce jour, cette Ă©tude n'a pas montrĂ© de diffĂ©rence significative en terme d'efficacitĂ© sur l'Ă©quilibre glycĂ©mique entre l'insulinothĂ©rapie et son changement par le liraglutide sur une durĂ©e de 3 mois. Elle a par contre montrĂ© une efficacitĂ© de ce changement thĂ©rapeutique sur la perte de poids et de la masse grasse sans perte de masse maigre. Ces rĂ©sultats intermĂ©diaires suggĂšrent que l'association insuline et analogue GLP1 pourrait ĂȘtre une alternative pour le contrĂŽle glycĂ©mique et le bĂ©nĂ©fice sur le poids (prescription non autorisĂ©e en France Ă  ce jour).CLERMONT FD-BCIU-SantĂ© (631132104) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition during acute exacerbation of COPD and after 6 months recovery

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    International audienceBackground/Objectives Sarcopenia defined by the association of skeletal muscle mass depletion and a decreased physical performance is underdiagnosed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The objective was to assess prevalence of sarcopenia and malnutrition in hospitalized COPD patients during an acute exacerbation, after 6 months follow-up and the 1-year survival. Subjects/Methods Hospitalized COPD patients were recruited for the assessment of body composition, handgrip strength, respiratory function, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP and MEP), during hospitalization and 6 months later. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Adults, malnutrition was defined according to French criteria 2007. Survival data were collected 12 months after hospitalization. Results We analyzed data from 54 patients, aged 68 +/- 9 years and BMI 26.9 +/- 7.8 kg/m(2), with an average FEV1 of 1.13 +/- 0.49 l (45 +/- 16% predicted value). Sarcopenia and malnutrition prevalence were, respectively, 48% and 52% during hospitalization, 30% and 30% after 6 months. MIP and MEP were lower in sarcopenic patients (p = 0.01 and 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, skeletal muscle mass index and MIP were positively correlated at 6 months' follow-up (r = 0.40, p = 0.04). The 1-year survival rate was lower in sarcopenic patients (65 vs 86%, p = 0.03), particularly when malnutrition was associated (p = 0.02). Conclusions Sarcopenia in COPD patients is highly prevalent during and after recovery of an acute exacerbation, exposing to lower survival. A multimodal management is required to treat sarcopenia and improve prognosis

    Undernutrition in obese patient

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    International audienceUndemutrition and its numerous clinical consequences increase morbidity and mortality. For these reasons, undemutrition screening and its treatment must be undertaken as soon as possible for every patient at risk. However in case of obesity, the criteria for the nutritional assessment are deficient because of the clinical and biological specificities associated with excessive body fat. The purpose of this review is to discuss the limits of the parameters actually used for nutritional evaluation in order to better assess its frequency and define the situations at risk of undernutrition in obese patients

    Réversibilité possible de la sarcopénie chez des patients porteurs de BPCO

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    Session de communications orales : DĂ©nutrition des adultesIntroduction et but de l’étude: La perte de masse musculaire squelettique peut apparaĂźtre prĂ©cocement dans les maladies chroniques telles que la BPCO. AssociĂ©e Ă  une diminution des performances physiques, elle dĂ©finit la sarcopĂ©nie. Cependant, son Ă©volution peut ĂȘtre trĂšs variable en fonction de diffĂ©rents facteurs d’aggravation Ă  dĂ©terminer. L'objectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©crire la prĂ©valence de la sarcopĂ©nie chez des patients ayant une insuffisance respiratoire chronique obstructive pendant une hospitalisation pour exacerbation aiguĂ« de leur maladie. L’évolution de la sarcopĂ©nie Ă  six mois, les facteurs l’influençant et la survie Ă  un an de ces patients ont Ă©galement Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Nous avons inclus prospectivement des patients hospitalisĂ©s et mesurĂ© leur composition corporelle, leur force de prĂ©hension et leur fonction respiratoire, dont la pression inspiratoire maximale (PIM) reprĂ©sentative de la fonction diaphragmatique. Les mĂȘmes mesures ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă  six mois en consultation. La sarcopĂ©nie Ă©tait dĂ©finie par un indice de masse musculaire squelettique (IMS) bas mesurĂ© par impĂ©dancemĂ©trie, et une force de prĂ©hension (FP) diminuĂ©e, sur la base des critĂšres du groupe de travail europĂ©en sur la sarcopĂ©nie chez les personnes ĂągĂ©es (EWGSOP). Les donnĂ©es de survie ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dix-huit mois aprĂšs l’hospitalisation.RĂ©sultats et Analyse statistique : Nous avons analysĂ© les donnĂ©es de cinquante-quatre patients, ĂągĂ©s de 68 ± 9 ans et d’IMC 26,9 ± 7,8 kg/m2, avec un VEMS moyen de 1,13 ± 0,49 L (45 ± 16 %).Une sarcopĂ©nie Ă©tait observĂ©e chez 48 % des patients lors de l’hospitalisation et chez 30 % en consultation. A six mois, l’IMS s'est amĂ©liorĂ© davantage chez les hommes que chez les femmes (+5 % vs -3 %, p = 0,01), il tend Ă  s’amĂ©liorer plus chez les patients prenant des complĂ©ments nutritionnels oraux (+13 % vs +1 %, p = 0,05). La FP tend Ă  augmenter plus chez les patients physiquement actifs (+324 % vs +7 %, p = 0,05). En analyse multivariĂ©e, IMS et PIM Ă©taient liĂ©s (p = 0,03). A un an, le taux de survie Ă©tait plus faible chez les patients sarcopĂ©niques (65 % vs 86 %, p = 0,03).Conclusion: La sarcopĂ©nie dans l’insuffisance respiratoire chronique obstructive est frĂ©quente lors d’une exacerbation et Ă  l’état stable. Il s’agit d’un processus potentiellement rĂ©versible nĂ©cessitant une intervention ciblĂ©e multimodale. Sa prise en charge pourrait rĂ©duire la mortalitĂ© dans cette population

    Enhanced pain sensitivity in obese patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome is partially reverted by treatment: An exploratory study

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    International audienceObesity is frequently associated with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSA) and chronic pain. OSA as well as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment may modulate the pain perception threshold (PT) in patients with obesity. Methods In this prospective, longitudinal study, all patients admitted for obesity assessment were screened for OSA by nocturnal polygraphy (SOMNOcheck Âź , IAH ≄10) and performed mechanical (Von Frey electronic device) and electrical (PainMatcher Âź ) pain tests. Those with severe OSA were retested for PT 1 month after initiation of CPAP therapy. Newly diagnosed patients with severe OSA (hypopnea apnoea index >30) have been offered to start CPAP treatment. Results Among 85 patients, there were 27 OSA patients, aged between 40 ± 13.2 years with a BMI of 42 ± 7.2 kg/m 2 . Severe OSA patients ( N = 11) showed a lower PT than non‐OSA patients ( N = 58) during mechanical (177 ± 120 vs. 328 ± 136 g, p < 0.01) and electrical methods (7.4 ± 6.4 vs. 12.9 ± 6.7 stimulation duration steps; p = 0.03). In the severe OSA group ( N = 7), an increased PT was observed 1 month after CPAP treatment during mechanical pain testing (298 ± 69 vs. 259 ± 68 g, p < 0.05), but not during electrical pain testing (11.5 ± 3.0 vs. 12.4 ± 3.8 stimulation duration steps, p = 0.50). Conclusion In patients with obesity, this exploratory study showed that the presence of an OSA is associated with a decreased PT, whereas implantation of a CPAP device tends to normalize pain perception

    Body Mass Trajectory Affects the Long-Term Occurrence of Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Patients with Severe Obesity

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    Independently of absolute BMI values, the amount, onset date, and duration of early body weight gain may influence cardio-metabolic health later in adulthood. Values of cardiac and metabolic variables from a cohort study of morbidly obese patients were retrospectively analyzed to study the association between early weight history and metabolic syndrome (MetS) occurrence in adults. Of 950 patients with severe morbid obesity (age 44.3 ± 13.8 y, BMI 42.5 ± 7.0 kg/m2), 31.4% had started excess weight gain in childhood (CH), 19.9% in adolescence (ADO), and 48.7% in adulthood (AD). Despite different BMI values, MetS prevalence (57.8%) was not significantly different in the three groups (54.4% CH vs. 57.7% ADO vs. 59.8% AD, p = 0.59). The overweight onset period was not significantly associated with the development of MetS in adults (ADO: OR = 1.14 [0.69–1.92], p = 0.60; AD: OR = 0.99 [0.62–1.56], p = 0.95) despite a higher BMI in the early obesity onset group. Weight gain of more than 50% after age 18 years significantly increased the risk of MetS (OR = 1.75 [1.07–2.88], p = 0.026). In addition to crude BMI values, analysis of body mass trajectories is a relevant clinical tool in the assessment of metabolic risk, suggesting that the magnitude of weight gain may be more important for metabolic syndrome progression than the period of obesity onset

    Poor dental condition is a factor of imbalance of the nutritional status at the outset of management of head and neck cancer

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    International audienceObjectives To determine whether deterioration of dental condition at the outset of management of head and neck cancer (HNC) is a nutritional risk and whether social deprivation is a cause of the poor dental condition observed in HNC patients. Material and methods A nutritional assessment form (NAF) and the Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) were used to standardize the nutritional status of 108 patients at the outset of management of HNC (2017-2019). The NAF includes assessment of weight loss over the past 3 months, the amount and difficulty of food intake, and the presence of digestive disorders. Dental condition was assessed by the decayed, filled, and missing teeth acopre (DFM) index and the masticatory coefficient (MC). Dental status and social deprivation were correlated with the EPICES score. Results A correlation was found between the extent of weight loss and dental condition. The MC was higher in absence of weight loss (46% vs. 27%, p = 0.03) and the DMF lower when weight loss was less than 5% (22.3 vs. 26.9 if > 5% loss of weight, p = 0.005). No correlation was found between dental status and nutritional status. Social deprivation was associated with a lower MC (26% vs. 50%, p < 0.001). Conclusion Dental condition is a risk factor for weight loss at the outset of management of HNC but is not a determinant of nutritional status. Clinical relevance Dental condition is no longer considered simply as a source of potential complications after radiotherapy but also as an important factor for nutritional status

    L’obĂ©sitĂ© sarcopĂ©nique : causes et consĂ©quences

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    L’obĂ©sitĂ© sarcopĂ©nique est une nouvelle entitĂ© clinique caractĂ©risĂ©e conceptuellement par un excĂšs de masse grasse associĂ© Ă  une rĂ©duction de la masse maigre musculaire. Ce phĂ©notype corporel nĂ©cessite d’ĂȘtre dĂ©fini Ă  partir de critĂšres anthropologiques ou fonctionnels en raison de son impact mĂ©sestimĂ© sur la santĂ© et afin de mieux apprĂ©cier le degrĂ© de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© de l’obĂ©sitĂ© au-delĂ  de l’IMC, celui-ci Ă©tant reconnu aujourd’hui comme un critĂšre insuffisant pour dĂ©finir cette maladie chronique aux multiples comorbiditĂ©s. Sa physiopathologie complexe implique les mĂ©canismes de la perte musculaire liĂ©e au vieillissement comme la rĂ©sistance anabolique aux facteurs nutritionnels, mais elle peut aussi rĂ©vĂ©ler un certain degrĂ© de lipotoxicitĂ© dont les effets sur le mĂ©tabolisme protĂ©ique sont en cours d’étude. Cette revue fait le point sur ce nouveau phĂ©notype Ă  considĂ©rer dans l’apprĂ©ciation clinique du sujet obĂšs
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