Un Happy Valley

This translation is about history of African entitled “Burearucracy & Incumbent Violence Colonial Administration & The Origins Of The ‘Mau Mau’ Emergency Thought Chapter 10-11 Page 227-302” Written by John Lonsdale published by James Currey LTD and Heinemann Kenya 1992 The aim of translation project is to help readers in understanding the translated book content in Indonesia language. Theoretically, this translation project could be beneficial for theory development especially translation theories of Newmark, Nida and Taber. Methods used in the translation were word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation. The most translation method used by the writer was free translation. In translating, there are two things that are to be concerned by the writer. The first, theories and methods in translating the Source Language (SL) are understood precisely by the writer. The second, in increasing the english knowledge, the writer has to read and focus on many books that is especially about translation

Effect of heat treatment time on the dielectric properties of BST

Structural and microstructural properties of sol gel processed BSxT (x = 0.0, 0.05) ceramics have been investigated. Dielectric properties of these ceramics have also been studied as functions of frequency          [1kHz-2MHz] at different measurement temperatures (30-200°C). Heat treatment duration effect on dielectric properties and structural ones has been investigated. The results show that heat treatment and its duration has significant effects on structural, dielectric properties and the average grain size of the samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis show quite regular morphology of the grains and an average grain size which decreases with introduction of Sr, in agreement with structural characterization. Raman analysis has given results which are in accordance of XRD and SEM characterizations. Moreover, the permittivity variations as functions of the frequency, show a decrease in the interval [1kHz-100kHz], followed by an anormal increase in the interval [100kHz-1MHz]. Keywords: Structural, XRD, Raman, Dielectric propertie

Numerical simulation of flow pattern at a divergent pier in a bend with different relative curvature radii using ansys fluent

In this work, the three-dimensional flow around piers in river meanders under rigid bed conditions was modeled. The software ANSYS FLUENT was used to perform the simulation. The study was carried out in a 180° curve accompanied by cylindrical piers with a diameter of 5 cm and a slope angle of 21° under rigid bed conditions. The results of the comparisons showed that this model can help simulate the flow pattern around inclined bridge piers in bended channels with acceptable accuracy. To analyze the flow pattern, the work was followed by studying the effect of the parameters that affect the physics of the problem: the relative radius of curvature of the curve, the location of the piers within the 180° curve, and the arrangement of the piers relative to the flow direction. The results showed that increasing the relative radius of curvature as well as the range of the bend reduced the tangential velocity values; the minimum tangential velocity value occurred at a relative radius of curvature of 5. With the pier group installed in the direction of flow, the maximum secondary flow power occurred at the 60° position at about 18.8%, while with the pier group installed across the flow, the maximum secondary flow power occurred at the 120° position at 14.2%. A comparison of the vorticity at the perpendicular and downstream positions showed that the vorticity values at the 60° and 120° positions were greater than the corresponding values at the 90° position in both cases

A Hybrid Method Based on Fuzzy AHP and VIKOR for the Discrete Time-Cost-Quality Trade-off Problem

Time, cost and quality are considered as the main components in managing each project. Previous researches have mainly focused on the time-cost trade-off problems. Recently quality is considered as the most important factor in project�s success, which is influenced by time acceleration that is the less time is spent the more success is gained. In time-cost-quality trade-off problems, each activity can be done in various execution modes and determination of these execution modes is seen as to minimize the project time and cost and maximize its quality .In this paper, three integer programming models are provided and one of the main objectives is optimized in each model by assigning the proper bound to other objectives. Following the non-dominated solutions obtained by solving models, and by means of hybrid approach of Fuzzy AHP strategy and VIKOR method regarded as multi-criteria decision making methods, the best possible alternative (from among non-dominated solutions) has been suggested.Fuzzy AHP method has been used to determine the importance rate of each objective. In this method linguistic variables were used which take us closer to reality. At the end, with applying these weights in VIKOR method, the best possible alternatives (among non-dominated solutions) were found. Using this hybrid approach can help managers, to a great extent, in selecting the appropriate solution so that maximum desirability is obtained due to the importance rate of the objective functions from the viewpoint of decision maker

Optimal emergency demand response program integrated with multi-objective dynamic economic emission dispatch problem

Nowadays, demand response programs (DRPs) play an important role in price reduction and reliability improvement. In this paper, an optimal integrated model for the emergency demand response program (EDRP) and dynamic economic emission dispatch (DEED) problem has been developed. Customer’s behavior is modeled based on the price elasticity matrix (PEM) by which the level of DRP is determined for a given type of customer. Valve-point loading effect, prohibited operating zones (POZs), and the other non-linear constraints make the DEED problem into a non-convex and non-smooth multi-objective optimization problem. In the proposed model, the fuel cost and emission are minimized and the optimal incentive is determined simultaneously. The imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) has solved the combined problem. The proposed model is applied on a ten units test system and results indicate the practical benefits of the proposed model. Finally, depending on different policies, DRPs are prioritized by using strategy success indices

Methanol Extract of Melastoma malabathricum Leaves as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in Sulfuric Acid

Methanol extract of Melastoma malabathricum (MEMML) contains secondary metabolites such as phenolics and flavonoids. These compounds have OH groups that can interact with Fe contained in steel and form a thin layer for corrosion inhibition on mild steel. Inhibition of mild steel corrosion using MEMML leaves in sulfuric acid solution was carried out using weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization methods. The results showed that the mild steel corrosion rate decreased and inhibition efficiency increased with the addition of MEMML. FTIR and SEM analysis showed the interaction between mild steel with MEMML forming a layer on the surface of the steel so that it inhibits corrosion. The inhibition efficiency has increased with the length of immersion time and concentration of MML methanol extract. The highest inhibition efficiency, 98.86%, was obtained at 72 hours of immersion time and 10 g / L MEMML

Multivariate Analysis Approach to Factor-Affected Tuberculosis Disease

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by infection with the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Tuberculosis attack organ besides the lung, such as the pleura, lining of the brain, lining of the heart, lymph gland, bones, joint, skin, intestines, kidney, urinary tract, and genital. This disease is found in densely populated settlements with poor sanitation, lack of ventilation and sunlight and lack of rest. Moreover, the factors that will be analyzed in this research are Population Density (X1), Number of HIV/AIDS (X2), number of toddlers who experience nutrition (X3), Number of toddlers who experience BCG immunization (X4), number of toddlers who get exclusive breastfeeding (X5), Total families with PHBS (X6), number of residents with healthy homes (X7), number of families with clean water facilities (X8), number of families with ownership of latrine sanitation (X9), number of families with have landfills (X10), number of families have management waste place (X11), number of elementary education facilities (X12), Number of junior school education facilities (X13), Number of senior school education facilities (X14), Number of institutions fostered by neighborhood health (X15), Number of Posyandu (X16), Number Life Expectancy (X17), Literacy Rate (X18), Human Development Index (X19), Number of Tuberculosis sufferers (X20). This research aims to analyze what variables influence each other on the prevalence rate of tuberculosis in the city of Surabaya. The method used in this research is a multivariate analysis using factor analysis, cluster analysis, biplot analysis and discriminant analysis. This discriminant analysis determines accuracy by calculating the value (1-APER). The resulting research the Number of HIV/AIDS, number of residents with healthy homes, and Number of families with ownership of Sanitation (latrine, landfills, waste management) have a high correlation with the spread of tuberculosis in Surabaya. Meanwhile, areas with a high rate of tuberculosis are Tambaksari, Wonokromo, Sawahan, and Semampir.  The classification analysis accuracy level was 90.32% and the accuracy of the resulting model or discriminant function was very high. So that discriminant analysis can be used for predicting the accuracy of tuberculosis prevalence rates

A Novel Attack and Throughput-Aware Routing and Wavelength Assignment Algorithm in Transparent Optical Networks

The transparency feature of All Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Networks makes it an interesting topic of study. Although characterized by the high throughput, low bit error rate and low noise, Transparent Optical Networks are still considered prone to attacks. The transparency of the network and the lack of opto-electronic conversion allow malicious signals to propagate without being detected. This unnoticeable propagation results in performance degradation and damages the throughput of the network. While several approaches have been focusing on hardware based detective measures, this paper proposes a preventive throughput and attack aware algorithm based on secure topology design. This approach gives enough flexibility to the customer to choose the level of security and throughput that they want to achieve in the network. Namely, the algorithm aims at routing lightpaths in such a way as to minimize the worst case possible damage that can result from different physical-layer attacks. At the same time, the routes have to be selected in such a way as to ensure the desired throughput level. Consequently, two objective criteria for the Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem are defined. The first one is referred to as the Maximum Lightpath Attack Radius (maxLAR), while the second is referred to as minimizing the blocking probability. Based on this, the routing sub-problem is formulated as mixed integer liner program (MILP). Tests are performed on small networks at the time being. When simulating attacks, results indicate that the formulation achieves significantly better results for the Maximum Lightpath Attack Radius and Minimum Blocking Probability