Localização histológica dos tecidos hemopoiéticos em três espécies de Characoidei: Brycon sp, Colossoma mitrei e Schizodon borelli

The haematopoietic tissues of three species of Characoidei (Brycon sp,Colossoma mitrei and Schizodon borelli) were histologically localized and studied. These fishes presented blood forming tissues in head kidney (pronephron), interstitium of kidney (mesonephron), spleen and under the epithelium of pharyngeal floor, beneath the gill arches. The chief histological features of each haematopoietic organ were described.Os tecidos hemopoiéticos de três espécies de Characoidei (Brycon sp, Colossoma mitrei e Schizodon borelli) foram histologicamente localizados e descritos. As três espécies estudadas apresentaram tecidos hemopoiéticos no rim cefálico (pronefro), no interstício do rim (mesonefro), no baço e na mucosa da face ventral da faringe, na base dos arcos branquiais. Foram descritas as características histológicas dos tecidos hemopoiéticos em cada um destes órgãos

Modificações histológicas do corpúsculo de Stannius durante o ciclo reprodutivo de machos e fêmeas de curimbatá, Prochilodus scrofa (Steinhachner, 1881) (Pisces, Cipriniformes)

Corpuscles of Stannius from 80 adult males and 80 adult females of curimbatá (Prochilodus scrofa) were processed for histological analysis. Twenty fishes of each sex were collected during each of the four stages of the reproductive cycle, namely: resting, maturing, ripening and spent. Corpuscles of Stannius were fixed in Bouin fluid, (imbibed) in paraffin and stained by HE and Mallory trichrome methods. The results showed that, during the resting stage, uniformity of nuclear and cellular volumes of the main type of parenchymal cell were observed. In the maturing and ripening stages cellular and nuclear hypertrophy and hyperplasia (mitosis) were detected . On the other hand, the spent stage was characterized by volumetric reduction of the parenchymal cells, which also presented nuclear picnosis, suggesting cellular degeneration. Males seemed to have more conspicuous histological changes than females. Histological data indicated that the highest activity of the corpuscles of Stannius was detected during the maturing and ripening stages of reproductive cycle.Corpúsculos de Stannius de 80 machos e 30 fêmeas adultas de curimbatá (Prochilodus scrofa) foram coletados para observação histológica durante os quatro estádios do ciclo reprodutivo (de repouso, de maturação, maduro e esgotado). O material foi fixado em liqüido de Bouin, incluído em parafina e corado pela hematoxilina e eosina e pelo método tricrômico de Mallory. Os resultados mostraram que, durante o estádio de repouso, há uniformidade do volume celular e nuclear das células principais do parênquima do corpúsculo de Stannius. Nos estádios de maturação e maduro, foi observada hipertrofia celular e nuclear e hiperplasia (mitoses) dessas células. No estádio esgotado, foi notada diminuição do volume celular e picnose no núcleo de algumas células parenquimatosas, sugerindo degeneração celular. Estas modificações histológicas dos corpúsculos pareceram ser mais conspícuas nos machos do que nas fêmeas. A interpretação dos dados histológicos indicou que houve, uma maior atividade do corpúsculo de Stannius, coincidindo com os períodos de maior atividade gonadal

Morphological and cytochemical characterization of cell types of the adenohypophysis of Manjuba, Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) (Osteichthyes, Engraulidae)

A hipófise de Anchoviella lepidentostole apresenta-se dividida em neuro-hipófise e adeno-hipófise, sendo que a caracterização morfológica e citoquímica dos tipos celulares desta região foi a proposta deste trabalho. A adeno-hipófise divide-se em pars intermedia (PI) e pars distalis (PD), sendo que esta última se divide em pars distalis rostralis (PDR) e pars distalis proximalis (PDP). As células da PDR organizam-se em folículos. No epitélio folicular foram caracterizados quatro tipos celulares: l-PDR (basófilo), ll-PDR (positivo à hematoxilina-chumbo/HPb+), lll-PDR (PAS+, AB pH2,5+ e AF+), e IV-PDR (acidófilas). A PDP possui dois tipos celulares: l-PDP (PAS+, AB pH2,5+ e AF+) e ll-PDP (acidófilas). Na PI também foram caracterizados dois tipos celulares: l-PI (HPb+) e ll-PI (cromófobo aos métodos empregados).The pituitary gland of Anchoviella lepidentostole consists of the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis, which is subdivided in pars intermedia and pars distalis. The pars distalis comprises pars distalis rostralis and pars distalis proximalis. The cell types of the pars distalis rostralis are arranged in follicles. In the follicular epithelium, four cell types were cytochemically characterized: l-PDR (basophilic), ll-PDR (lead haematoxylin+/HPb+), lll-PDR (PAS+, AB pH2.5+ and AF+), IV-PDR (acidophilic). Thepars distalis proximalis has two cell types: l-PDP (PAS+, AB pH 2.5+ and AF+) and ll-PDP (acidophilic). In the pars intermedia there are two cell types: l-PI (HPb+) and ll-PI (chromophobes)

Morphologic study of the pineal gland of the dog

Após a descoberta da melatonina por Lerner et al. (1958), novas pesquisas e perspectivas surgiram tornando a pineal uma estrutura mais estudada. Além disso, sabe-se que este hormônio está relacionado com o controle circadiano e outras funções comportamentais fisiológicas como o ciclo reprodutivo e termorregulação. Neste trabalho, foram utilizados 20 cães e estudamos a morfologia das glândulas, empregando uma análise macroscópica e microscópica. O formato das pineais variou de cônico a glossóide (em relação à língua humana); cor entre bege e marrom-acinzentado e apresentaram consistência gelatinosa. A largura e o comprimento das glândulas variaram respectivamente de 1,38 a 2,39 mm e de 1,53 a 2,96 mm. Quanto à microscopia, utilizamos coloração de eosina-hematoxilina (HE), e em todas as pineais observamos a presença dos seguintes componentes: cápsula; septos ou trabéculas pinealócitos; células da glia; grânulos de pigmentos, e não foram notadas concreções calcáreasFollowing the discovery of the melatonin by Lerner et al. (1958), new research and perspectives were developed in order to improve the knowledge regarding the pineal gland. This hormone is not only related to the circadian control but also influences other behavioral functions such as the reproductive cycle and thermoregulation. In this study the morphology of the pineal gland (epiphysis cerebri) from 20 dogs were analyzed by means of macroscopic and microscopic evaluation. The shape of the gland ranged from conic to tongue-like shape (in relation to human tongue). The gland color ranged from beige to gray-brownish and it had a gelatinous consistency. The width and length of the glands ranged from 1.38 to 2.39 mm and 1.53 to 2.96 mm, respectively. Capsule, septa, pinealocytes, glial cells and pigment granules were microscopically found in all glands. No calcareous concretions were observe

The histophysioIogy of interrenal tissue and chromaffin cells of curimbata, Prochilodus scrofa, during its reproductive cycle

Com o objetivo de detectar e descrever as modificações histológicas do tecido interrenal e das células cromafins de curimbatá (Prochilodus scrofa) foram estudados vinte peixes adultos, de cada sexo, em cada um dos quatro estádios do ciclo gonadal (repouso, maturação, maduro e esgotado), totalizando cento e sessenta espécimes. Os peixes foram capturados no rio Mogi Guassu, Estado de São Paulo. Os rins cefálicos ou pronefros foram fixados em liquido de Bouin e incluídos em parafina. Os cortes, com 7,0 µm de espessura, foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina e pelo método tricrômico de Masson. A análise histológica dos cortes permitiu observar uma hipertrofia das células do tecido inter-renal durante os estádios maturação e maduro. A acidofilia citoplasmática máxima foi vista durante a maturação gonadal. Simultânea e contrastantemente, foi notada uma redução do diâmetro das células cromafins e uma menor afinidade tintorial do citoplasma dessas células. Todas essas modificações morfológicas e tintoriais das células dos tecidos interrenal e cromafim ocorreram de forma semelhante em ambos os sexos.The purpose of the present investigation was the detection and the description of the histological modifications of the interrenal tissue and chromaffin cells of "curimbata" (Prochilodus scrofa), during there productive cycle. Twenty males and twenty females adult fishes of each sex, during each of the four stages of gonadal cycle (namely resting, maturing, ripening and spent) were used, totalizing one hundred and sixty specimens. The fishes were collected at Mogi Guassu River, São Paulo State, Brazil. The cephalic kidneys were fixed in Bouin’s fluid and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 7,0 µm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichromic method. The Histological analysis showed hypertrophy of interrenal cells during maturing and ripening stages. The strongest acidophilic affinity of these cells was observed during the maturing stage. On the other hand, at these two stages, the chromaffin cells underwent reduction of the cytoplasmic staining affinity. All these morphological and chromaphilic changes of the interrenal and chromaffin tissues were similar in both sexes

Estudo anatômico comparativo do útero e tubas uterinas de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore (Bos primigenius indicus)

Ao finalizarmos esta pesquisa, obtivemos dados anatômicos comparativos dos comprimentos dos cornos uterinos e tubas uterinas de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore. Foram utilizadas para tais fins 45 amostras dos órgãos para cada grupo de animais. Os resultados mostraram que os comprimentos médios dos cornos uterinos e das tubas uterinas direitos e esquerdos das vacas não diferem estatisticamente entre si, sendo de 26,0 cm para os cornos uterinos direito e esquerdo, 17,6 cm para a tuba uterina direita e 17,7 cm para a esquerda. Os comprimentos médios dos cornos uterinos e das tubas uterinas direitos e esquerdos das novilhas não diferem estatisticamente entre si, apresentando 14,6 cm para o corno direito, 14,8 cm para o esquerdo, 15,4 cm para a tuba uterina direita e 15,2 cm para a esquerda. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa no comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos entre vacas e novilhas, com, respectivamente, 26,01 cm e 14,72 cm. Há diferença estatisticamente significativa no comprimento médio das tubas uterinas entre vacas e novilhas, com, respectivamente 17,64 cm e 15,29 cm. Nas vacas, o comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, 26,01 cm, é maior que o comprimento médio das tubas uterinas, 17,64 cm. Nas novilhas, o comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, 14,72 cm, é ligeiramente menor que o comprimento médio das tubas uterinas, 15,29 cm. Quando há aumento do comprimento médio dos cornos uterinos, há aumento concomitante das tubas uterinas em vacas, não acontecendo o mesmo em novilhas.Comparative anatomical results of lengths in uterine horns and oviducts of Nelore cows and heifers were investigated. Forty-five samples of each group of animals were used. The results showed that the medial length of the right and left uterine horns and oviducts of cows have not significative differences among them, being 26.0 cm to the right and left uterine horns, 17.6 cm to the right oviduct and 17.7 cm to the left one. The medial length of the right and left uterine horns and oviducts of heifers have not significative differences among them, being 14.6 cm to the right horn, 14.8 cm to the left one, 15.4 cm to the right oviduct and 15.2 cm to the left one. There is a significative difference in medial length of uterine horns among the groups of cows and heifers respectively, 26.01 cm and 14.72 cm. There is a significative difference in medial length of oviducts among cows and heifers, respectively 17.64 cm and 15.29 cm. The medial length of uterine horns in cows, 26.01 cm, is higher than the medial length of oviducts, 17.64 cm. In heifers the medial length of uterine horns, 14.72 cm, is smaller than the oviducts, 15.29 cm. When there is an enlargement of the medial length of uterine horns, there is an enlargement of oviducts in cows and do not in heifers

Estudo das características histológicas do útero e tubas uterinas de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore (Bos primigenius indicus)

Nesta pesquisa obtivemos dados histológicos comparativos dos cornos uterinos e tubas uterinas de vacas e novilhas da raça Nelore. Foram utilizadas 30 amostras dos órgãos para cada grupo de animais, que foram fixados em formol tamponado a 10%, processados e incluídos rotineiramente em parafina. Os cortes histológicos de 6 mm foram corados com hematoxilina e eosina, com tricrômio de Mallory (para evidenciar fibras colágenas), Weigert (para evidenciar fibras elásticas) e com sais de Prata (para evidenciar as fibras reticulares). Os resultados mostraram que existem diferenças na histologia da parede uterina entre vacas e novilhas, sendo mais evidentes nas vacas. A freqüência das variações histológicas é maior para os dois cornos uterinos nas vacas. Não há diferença significativa entre as variações histológicas nos lados direito e esquerdo. As variações mais características estão presentes no endométrio e miométrio, sendo as mais conspícuas, encontradas no miométrio. Não há diferenças marcantes das variações histológicas das tubas uterinas entre vacas e novilhas e entre os lados direito e esquerdo e elas não apresentam nenhuma relação com as variações uterinas.In this research were investigated comparative histological aspects of uterine horns and oviducts in Nelore cows and heifers. Thirty samples of each group were used, wich were fixed in 10% tamponed formol processed and embedded in paraffin. The histological sections of 6 mm were stained with hematoxilin and eosin, Mallory's trichrome ( to evidence colagens fibres), Weigert (to evidence elastic fibres) and Silver salts (to evidence reticular fibres). The results showed that exist differences in the histology of the uterine wall among cows and heifers, more evident in cows. The frequency of histological variations is higher for two uterine horns in cows. There is no significative difference among histological variations in the right and left horns. The characteristic variations are presents in the endometrium and miometrium, being the last one more conspicous. There are no differences of histological variations among cows and heifers and among the right and left oviducts and they do not present any relation to the uterine variations

A novel approach for the characterisation of proteoglycans and biosynthetic enzymes in a snail model

Proteoglycans encompass a heterogeneous group of glycoconjugates where proteins are substituted with linear, highly negatively charged glycosaminoglycan chains. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans are ubiquitous to the animal kingdom of the Eukarya domain. Information on the distribution and characterisation of proteoglycans in invertebrate tissues is limited and restricted to a few species. By the use of multidimensional protein identification technology and immunohistochemistry, this study shows for the first time the presence and tissue localisation of different proteoglycans, such as perlecan, aggrecan, and heparan sulphate proteoglycan, amongst others, in organs of the gastropoda Achatina fulica. Through a proteomic analysis of Golgi proteins and immunohistochemistry of tissue sections, we detected the machinery involved in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, related to polymer formation (polymerases), as well as secondary modifications (sulphation and uronic acid epimerization). Therefore, this work not only identifies both the proteoglycan core proteins and glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic enzymes in invertebrates but also provides a novel method for the study of glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan evolution. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)NIHUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Texas El Paso, Dept Biol Sci, Border Biomed Res Ctr, El Paso, TX 79912 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, BrazilNIH: 2G12RR008124-16A1NIH: 2G12RR008124-16A1S1Web of Scienc

Primary cells derived from Tuberous Sclerosis Complex patients show autophagy alteration in the haploinsufficiency state

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant cancer predisposition disorder caused by heterozygous mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 genes and characterized by mTORC1 hyperactivation. TSC-associated tumors develop after loss of heterozygosity mutations and their treatment involves the use of mTORC1 inhibitors. We aimed to evaluate cellular processes regulated by mTORC1 in TSC cells with different mutations before tumor development. Flow cytometry analyses were performed to evaluate cell viability, cell cycle and autophagy in non-tumor primary TSC cells with different heterozygous mutations and in control cells without TSC mutations, before and after treatment with rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor). We did not observe differences in cell viability and cell cycle between the cell groups. However, autophagy was reduced in mutated cells. After rapamycin treatment, mutated cells showed a significant increase in the autophagy process (p=0.039). We did not observe differences between cells with distinct TSC mutations. Our main finding is the alteration of autophagy in non-tumor TSC cells. Previous studies in literature found autophagy alterations in tumor TSC cells or knock-out animal models. We showed that autophagy could be an important mechanism that leads to TSC tumor formation in the haploinsufficiency state. This result could guide future studies in this field

Low molecular weight heparins: Structural differentiation by spectroscopic and multivariate approaches

Various branded low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have been used for the treatment and prevention of thrombotic for over 20 years. With the introduction of generic LMWHs and the recent events involving heparin contamination, a great deal of effort is being expended in investigating ways of monitoring and regulating this class of complex drugs. in this paper, we present the characterization of different forms of LMWHs, as well as the comparison of 5 enoxaparin copies from different manufactures. the data suggests that, while some of these drugs are structurally comparable, specific analytical methods as well as biological and pharmacological tests may be used to address their similarity, quality and potential interchangeability. the proposed approach may also be useful in comparing biosimilar and branded LMWHs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Liverpool, Sch Biol Sci, Liverpool L69 7ZB, Merseyside, EnglandLoyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USAUniv Fed Parana, Lab Quim Carboidratos, Dept Bioquim & Biol Mol, BR-81531980 Curitiba, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Bioquim, BR-04044020 São Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc