Aneurisma De Aorta Abdominal Infectado Por Salmonella Species

Infected abdominal aortic aneurysms are rare and have high mortality due to sepsis and the possibility of rupture. The treatment of choice is open repair with aneurysm resection, debridement and reconstruction with an autologous vein graft. More recently, case series have been described in which the endovascular approach was the first option. With both approaches adjuvant antibiotic therapy is imperative. We report an illustrative case in which the treatment was open surgery reconstruction using an autologous vein graft. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular. All rights reserved.151747

Aves de um fragmento de Mata Atlântica no alto Rio Doce, Minas Gerais: Colonização e extinção

It is presented a bird survey of a forest fragment at the upper Rio Doce valley carried out from April 2002 to November 2004. The region is within one of the most important Brazilian hot spot for biological conservation: the Atlantic Forest. The fragment is within 'Estação de Desenvolvimento Ambiental de Peti' (EPDA-Peti) under the premises of a hydroelectric power station run by the Minas Gerais Energetic Company. It holds 605 ha of a mosaic of secondary growth forest patches from different ages, characterised mainly by semi deciduous forest. Bird census were carried out through transect, mist-net captures, point counts and recording bird vocalizations. The present survey was compared to an unpublished survey performed in 1989 to find out possible extinctions and colonization. It was recorded 231 species, belonging to 57 families. This represents 33% of all 682 bird species recorded for the Atlantic forest biome of east Brazil. Thirty-three species are considered endemic to the Atlantic Forest and one is considered endemic to the Cerrado biome of central Brazil. Five species are threatened in the state of Minas Gerais and one species is globally threatened to extinction, the red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii Spix, 1825 (Cracidae). It was found 35 species not reported before for the area. Also, 52 species went locally extinct from the fragment. The EPDA-Peti holds a significant number of the Atlantic Forest bird species, and long-term bird monitoring on such fragments will reveal important aspects for the understanding of colonization and extinction in the biome

'Immunising' physicians against availability bias in diagnostic reasoning: A randomised controlled experiment

Background: Diagnostic errors have often been attributed to biases in physicians' reasoning. Interventions to 'immunise' physicians against bias have focused on improving reasoning processes and have largely failed. Objective: To investigate the effect of increasing physicians' relevant knowledge on their susceptibility to availability bias. Design, settings and participants: Three-phase multicentre randomised experiment with second-year internal medicine residents from eight teaching hospitals in Brazil. Interventions: Immunisation: Physicians diagnosed one of two sets of vignettes (either diseases associated with chronic diarrhoea or with jaundice) and compared/contrasted alternative diagnoses with feedback. Biasing phase (1 week later): Physicians were biased towards either inflammatory bowel disease or viral hepatitis. Diagnostic performance test: All physicians diagnosed three vignettes resembling inflammatory bowel disease, three resembling hepatitis (however, all with different diagnoses). Physicians who increased their knowledge of either chronic diarrhoea or jaundice 1 week earlier were expected to resist the bias attempt. Main outcome measurements: Diagnostic accuracy, measured by test score (range 0-1), computed for subjected-to-bias and not-subjected-to-bias vignettes diagnosed by immunised and not-immunised physicians. Results: Ninety-one residents participated in the experiment. Diagnostic accuracy differed on subjected-to-bias vignettes, with immunised physicians performing better than non-immunised physicians (0.40 vs 0.24; difference in accuracy 0.16 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.27); p=0.004), but not on not-subjected-to-bias vignettes (0.36 vs 0.41; difference -0.05 (95% CI -0.17 to 0.08); p=0.45). Bias only hampered non-immunised physicians, who performed worse on subjected-to-bias than not-subjected-to-bias vignettes (difference -0.17 (95% CI -0.28 to -0.05); p=0.005); immunised physicians' accuracy did not differ (p=0.56). Conclusions: An intervention directed at increasing knowledge of clinical findings that discriminate between similar-looking diseases decreased physicians' susceptibility to availability bias, reducing diagnostic errors, in a simulated setting. Future research needs to examine the degree to which the intervention benefits other disease clusters and performance in clinical practice. Trial registration number: 68745917.1.1001.0068

Yield, quality and conservation of heterozygous tomatoes in alcobaça, nonripening and ripening inhibitor loci

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os atributos de produtividade, qualidade e conservação pós-colheita de tomates, para comparar os efeitos promovidos pelos alelos alcobaça (norA), nonripening (nor) e ripening inhibitor (rin) em heterozigose, isoladamente ou em duplas combinações, sobre frutos de tomateiros híbridos. Foram avaliados dez tratamentos: sete híbridos experimentais quase-isogênicos, com background FloraDade x Tropic de genótipos nor+/norA, rin+/rin, nor+/nor, nor/norA, nor+/norA rin+/rin e nor+/nor rin+/rin; e três testemunhas comerciais (Floradade, Tropic e Carmen F1). Contrariamente aos genótipos rin+/rin e nor+/nor, o genótipo nor+/norA não prolongou, significativamente, a firmeza dos frutos em pós-colheita. Os genótipos duplo-mutantes norA/nor, nor+/norA rin+/rin e nor+/nor rin+/rin foram eficientes em atrasar a perda de firmeza e a evolução da coloração dos frutos; os efeitos dos locos nor+/norA e rin+/rin, juntos, sofreram desvios significativos em relação à soma dos efeitos desses locos, quando atuaram separadamente, no sentido de intensificarem esses atrasos. O uso de híbridos heterozigotos, nas duplas combinações entre os locos norA, nor e rin, mostrou-se vantajoso por propiciar frutos firmes, com maior extensão da vida pós-colheita, em comparação com o uso dos híbridos portadores desses locos isoladamente. A qualidade dos frutos duplo-mutantes não foi limitada pelo atraso na evolução da coloração vermelha.Thie objective of this work was to evaluate yield, quality and postharvest conservation of tomatoes, to compare the effects promoted by the alcobaça (norA), nonripening (nor) and ripening inhibitor (rin) alleles, in heterozygosis, singly or in double combinations on hybrid tomato fruits. Ten treatments were evaluated: seven experimental nearly isogenic hybrids of FloraDade x Tropic background or reciprocal with nor+/norA, rin+/rin, nor+/nor, nor/norA, nor+/norA rin+/rin and nor+/nor rin+/rin genotypes, and three commercial checks (FloraDade, Tropic and Carmen F1). Oppositely to the genotypes rin+/rin and nor+/nor, the genotype nor+/norA did not significantly extend the firmness of the fruits in postharvest. The double mutant genotypes norA/nor, nor+/norA rin+/rin and nor+/nor rin+/rin were efficient in delaying firmness loss and the evolution of fruits colouring; the effects of loci nor+/norA and rin+/rin, together, underwent significant deviations relatively to the sum of these loci effects, when acting singly, in the sense of enhancing those delays. Use of heterozygous hybrids in the double combinations among loci norA, nor and rin proved advantageous for providing firm fruits with a longer postharvest lifetime, as compared with the hybrids carrying these loci singly. The quality of double mutant fruits was not restricted by the delay in the evolution of red coloration

A Model for the Development of the Rhizobial and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbioses in Legumes and Its Use to Understand the Roles of Ethylene in the Establishment of these two Symbioses

We propose a model depicting the development of nodulation and arbuscular mycorrhizae. Both processes are dissected into many steps, using Pisum sativum L. nodulation mutants as a guideline. For nodulation, we distinguish two main developmental programs, one epidermal and one cortical. Whereas Nod factors alone affect the cortical program, bacteria are required to trigger the epidermal events. We propose that the two programs of the rhizobial symbiosis evolved separately and that, over time, they came to function together. The distinction between these two programs does not exist for arbuscular mycorrhizae development despite events occurring in both root tissues. Mutations that affect both symbioses are restricted to the epidermal program. We propose here sites of action and potential roles for ethylene during the formation of the two symbioses with a specific hypothesis for nodule organogenesis. Assuming the epidermis does not make ethylene, the microsymbionts probably first encounter a regulatory level of ethylene at the epidermis–outermost cortical cell layer interface. Depending on the hormone concentrations there, infection will either progress or be blocked. In the former case, ethylene affects the cortex cytoskeleton, allowing reorganization that facilitates infection; in the latter case, ethylene acts on several enzymes that interfere with infection thread growth, causing it to abort. Throughout this review, the difficulty of generalizing the roles of ethylene is emphasized and numerous examples are given to demonstrate the diversity that exists in plants