The Effect of Three Different Root Canal Irrigant Protocols for Removing Smear Layer on the Apical Microleakage of AH26 Sealer

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the apical microleakage of AH26 sealer when three different root canal irrigant regimens were used. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three experimental (n=20) and two control groups (n=10). NaOCl was used as irrigant during instrumentation, and apical patency was ensured in all teeth. Final irrigation was implemented as follow: group A- 17% EDTA + 5.25% NaOCl, Group B- 7% citric acid + 5.25% NaOCl, and group C- 20% citric acid + 5.25% NaOCl. The experimental and negative control groups were obturated by laterally condensed gutta-percha with AH26 sealer. The positive control group was obturated without sealer. The teeth were stored in 100% humidity and 37ºC for 48 hours. In the experimental groups and positive control group, the root surfaces except for the apical 2 mm were covered with nail polish and sticky wax. In the negative control group, the roots were completely covered. The samples were then immersed in 2% methylene blue dye for 72 hours at 37ºC. After that the roots were sectioned longitudinally and the dye penetration was measured. The results were statistically analyzed by One-way Variance and Post Hoc Tukey tests. RESULTS: Statistically significant difference was found between groups (P<0.05). Group C showed the least (1.072 mm) and group A showed the most (2.072 mm) amount of dye penetration. CONCLUSION: When a resin-based sealer is used for the obturation of the root canal system, it is better to use a citric acid irrigant instead of EDTA to remove the smear layer and to improve the apical seal

Clinical Management of Dens Invaginatus Type 3: A Case Report

ABSTRACT: Dens invagination (DI) is a developmental abnormality of teeth which frequently results in a complex internal anatomy of the root canal system. DI type 3 is an anomaly characterized by infolding of enamel and dentin extending into the root apex. This may present difficulties when forming a diagnosis and treatment plan. Many treatment modalities have been presented in case reports for DI type 3, but there is insufficient evidence to recommend a therapy. This case report presents the successful non surgical root canal treatment of a maxillary canine with an open apex DI type 3, necrotic pulp, and an associated large periradicular lesion

Complexity Analysis Of Next-Generation VVC Encoding and Decoding

While the next generation video compression standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC), provides a superior compression efficiency, its computational complexity dramatically increases. This paper thoroughly analyzes this complexity for both encoder and decoder of VVC Test Model 6, by quantifying the complexity break-down for each coding tool and measuring the complexity and memory requirements for VVC encoding/decoding. These extensive analyses are performed for six video sequences of 720p, 1080p, and 2160p, under Low-Delay (LD), Random-Access (RA), and All-Intra (AI) conditions (a total of 320 encoding/decoding). Results indicate that the VVC encoder and decoder are 5x and 1.5x more complex compared to HEVC in LD, and 31x and 1.8x in AI, respectively. Detailed analysis of coding tools reveals that in LD on average, motion estimation tools with 53%, transformation and quantization with 22%, and entropy coding with 7% dominate the encoding complexity. In decoding, loop filters with 30%, motion compensation with 20%, and entropy decoding with 16%, are the most complex modules. Moreover, the required memory bandwidth for VVC encoding/decoding are measured through memory profiling, which are 30x and 3x of HEVC. The reported results and insights are a guide for future research and implementations of energy-efficient VVC encoder/decoder.Comment: IEEE ICIP 202

Rapid Molecular Approach for Simultaneous Detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholera

AbstractObjectivesGastrointestinal tract infection is still one of the serious public health problems in many geographic areas and is endemic in most countries including Iran. Early detection of the gastrointestinal tract pathogens can be extremely important. The aim of the current study was to apply a shortened time-multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Vibrio cholera.MethodsThe standard and clinical strains of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae were used in the assay. Multiplex PCR was performed and optimized based on amplification of invA, putative integrase, and ompW genes for detecting Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae, respectively. The specificity of the assay was evaluated by testing 12 different bacterial species.ResultsOnly Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae strains had positive results when subjected to the assay using multiplex PCR. The assay showed a high sensitivity, and no amplification products were observed in multiplex PCR with any of the other microorganisms.ConclusionOur study indicated that the invA, putative integrase, and ompW-based multiplex PCR assay appears to be an efficient method for rapid and simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and V. cholerae

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Floor Dust of Yazd Mechanical Workplaces

Background: Workplaces have increased the risk of environmental pollutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal pollution in the floor dust of mechanical workplaces in Yazd city. Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted in 2014. Through stratified random sampling, 30 mechanical workplaces in Yazd, Iran were selected. After sampling, the concentration of heavy metals in samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The potential environmental risk index (RI), integrated pollution index (IPI), contamination factor (Cf), the modified degree of Contamination (mCd) and Pearson correlation coefficient in SPSS v.23 were used for data analyses. Results: The trend of concentration of heavy metals in the floor dust particles of mechanical workplaces was Fe>Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Cr>Cd. Hence, mean concentration of Fe in the samples was 27095 mg kg-1 and that of Cd was 31 mg kg-1. According to Pearson correlation test, Mn had a significant correlation with Cr, Fe, and Cu at the 0.01 significance level. Also, RI showed that Yazd mechanical workplaces have a considerable degree of risk. Conclusion: The results showed very high levels of pollution by cadmium, lead and copper in mechanical workshops that can be due to the interaction of heavy metals in workplace scraps with dust from man-made origin

Antimicrobial effects and evaluation of total phenols flavonoids and flavonols contents of ethanolic extracts of Scrophularia striata

زمینه و هدف: ترکیبات فنولی و فلاونوئیدی گیاهان غالباً اثر ضد میکروبی دارند. لذا این مطالعه با هدف بررسی اثرات ضد میکروبی و تعیین میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی و فلاونولی عصاره اتانولی گیاه گل میمونی (Scrophularia striata) انجام گرفت. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه توصیفی آزمایشگاهی، عصاره اتانولی گیاه تهیه و برای تعیین حداقل غلظت ممانعت کننده از رشد باکتری (MIC) و حداقل غلظت کشندگی باکتری (MBC) از روش ماکرودایلوشن علیه باکتری Ecoli O157:H7 استفاده شد، آمیکاسین (µg30) به عنوان ماده ضد میکروبی مرجع بکار رفت. همچنین ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی آن با استفاده از روش های رنگ سنجی فولین- سیوکالتیو و کلرید آلومینیوم اندازه گیری شد. یافته ها: میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونولی و فلاونوئیدی عصاره اتانولی گل میمونی به ترتیب 66/6±180، 6/3±74 و 66/6±100 mg/gبود. همچنین مقدار MIC و MBC در روش ماکرودایلوشن به ترتیب برابر mg/ml 90 و mg/ml100 بود. نتیجه گیری: نتایج نشان داد که عصاره گیاه گل میمونی دارای اثر ضد میکروبی بر روی باکتری مذکور بوده و علیرغم این مطلب، انجام تحقیقاتی بالینی و همچنین استفاده از دیگر روش های عصاره گیری، اثرات ضد باکتریایی گل میمونی را روشن تر خواهد کرد.

Comparison of analgesic effects of intravenous and intranasal ketorolac in patients with mandibular fracture-A Randomized Clinical Trial

Similarity of pharmacokinetics of intranasal ketorolac to the intravenous form and other advantages have promoted its application. This study compared the analgesic effects of intravenous and intranasal ketorolac in patients undergoing mandibular fracture surgery. In this clinical trial study, Sixty-four patients with unilateral mandibular fracture were divided randomly into two groups. In group 1, 30 mg of intravenous (IV) ketorolac was injected every 8 hours and in group 2, intranasal (IN) ketorolac spray was used as a 100-µL puff in each nostril (31.5 mg) every 6 hours. After each patient regained consciousness, pain intensity was measured based on visual analogue scale for 48 hours. Finally, the total dose of the opioid analgesic agent (pethidine) and the time for the first request for an analgesic agent were recorded for each patient, and their means were compared in each group with proper statistical tests. Mean pain intensity of patients at baseline was significantly higher than that at other intervals and then, it decreased significantly (P0.05). Application of intranasal ketorolac spray decreased pain after mandibular fracture surgery, especially at 8-hour interval after surgery, decreasing the need for opioids

Improvement of Erectile Dysfunction by Revascularization Surgery Following Urethroplasty in Patients with Pelvic Fracture

Introduction: Erectile dysfunction is one of the most common sexual disorders in men and affects one out of every five men over the age of 40 years. Penile revascularization is one of the methods for treating erectile dysfunction in these patients.Methods: The participants were patients who had erectile dysfunction after a pelvic fracture. These patients had Urethroplasty for at least one year ago due to urethral trauma and also undergone penile micro vascularization surgery. Sexual activity was allowed from the second month accompanied with the administration of tadalafil and yohimbine prior to intercourse.Results: In this study, 52 patients with the mean age of 30.65 ± 7 years (range: 24-45) were included. 24 patients (46%) were married. The mean time interval between pelvic fracture and surgery was 49.80 ± 16.30 months (range: 22 to 85). Complete response was seen in 9 cases (17.3%), relative responses in 18 (34.6%), and treatment failure in 25 cases (48.1%). The treatment results did not show any significant difference between the two dissimilar surgical procedures (Micheal versus-Virag) (P = 0.58).Conclusion: Based on this case-series, it is concluded that penile revascularization surgery seems to have a relatively good effect on the improvement of vascular erectile dysfunction in patients with pelvic fracture urethral distraction effect following Urethroplasty