Robots, Trade and Employment in Italian Local Labour Systems

Three main shocks have affected advanced economies over the last 25 years, with significant consequences for work, production and economic growth. The first is technological change associated with robotics and the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution. The second, which is partly related to the first, is the diffusion of ICT and the development of intelligent software applied both to industry and tertiary activities. The third is the strong competitive pressure from low cost and emerging countries, which have changed the geography of world production and trade flows, often within global value chains. Following the seminal papers of Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) and Dauth, Findeisen, Südekum and Woessner (2017), the aim of this paper is to assess the impact of these three shocks on employment in Italian local labour markets in the period 1991-2011. What is new in our approach is the explicit consideration of the role played by the different typologies of local labour systems and industrial districts. We find that robots do not have any negative effect on employment in local labour markets. On the contrary, robots seem to be associated with a growth in overall employment, mainly due to the tertiary sector. The second result is that there is some evidence of a positive effect of ICT investments on local employment, in particular non-manufacturing employment. The last and most robust result of the econometric analysis is the negative impact of trade with low cost countries on local employment. This result has one almost absolute protagonist: China. All these impacts are not homogeneous across the national territory and partly depend on the characteristics of the local productive systems and industrial districts

The Energy Worker Profiler from Technologies to Skills to Realize Energy Efficiency in Manufacturing

In recent years, the manufacturing sector has been responsible for nearly 55 percent of total energy consumption, inducing a major impact on the global ecosystem. Although stricter regulations, restrictions on heavy manufacturing and technological advances are increasing its sustainability, zero-emission and fuel-efficient manufacturing is still considered a utopian target. In parallel,companies that have invested in digital innovation now need to align their internal competencies to maximize their return on investment. Moreover, a primary feature of Industry 4.0 is the digitization of production processes, which offers the opportunity to optimize energy consumption. However, given the speed with which innovation manifests itself, tools capable of measuring the impact that technology is having on digital and green professions and skills are still being designed. In light of the above, in this article we present the Worker Profiler, a software designed to map the skills currently possessed by workers, identifying misalignment with those they should ideally possess to meet the renewed demands that digital innovation and environmental preservation impose. The creation of the Worker Profiler consists of two steps: first, the authors inferred the key technologies and skills for the area of interest, isolating those with markedly increasing patent trends and identifying green and digital enabling skills and occupations. Thus, the software was designed and implemented at the user-interface level. The output of the self-assessment is the definition of the missing digital and green skills and the job roles closest to the starting one in terms of current skills; both the results enable the definition of a customized retraining strategy. The tool has shown evidence of being user-friendly, effective in identifying skills gaps and easily adaptable to other contexts

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESA WISATA CIBEUSI DI KECAMATAN CIATER KABUPATEN SUBANG

Desa wisata merupakan pariwisata yang mengandalkan potensi sumberdaya di pedesaan. Desa Cibeusi, adalah desa wisata di Kabupaten Subang dengan kunjungan wisatawan terbanyak di Kecamatan Ciater. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor apa yang menjadi daya tarik Desa Cibeusi sebagai desa wisata dan menganalisis tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan desa wisata Cibeusi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survey melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada wisatawan untuk mengetahui daya Tarik, dan kepada masyarakat Desa Cibeusi untuk mengetahui peran mereka dalam pengengembangan wisata Desa. Jumlah wisatawan sebanyak 100 orang diambil melalui googleform dan masyarakat berjumlah 100 orang diambil dengan teknik random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor aktrasi berupa hamparan pesawahan padi beras hitam menjadi daya tarik yang paling dominan dari Desa Wisata Cibeusi. Tingkat partisipasi masyarakat yang paling tinggi ada pada tahap pengambilan manfaat dari pengembangan wisata di Desa Cibeusi dan partisipasi dalam tahap pelaksanaan berupa berpartisipasi dalam bentuk tenaga dan informasi. sementara itu, partisipasi yang paling rendah ada pada tahap evaluasi hal tersebut karena mayarakat tidak terlibat secara langsung dalam mengevaluasi kegiatan pengembangan desa wisata yang dilakukan. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini yaitu pemerintah harus melibatkan masyarakat untuk terlibat secara langsung dalam setiap tahap pengembangan desa wisata karena pengembangan yang dilakukan akan berdampak langsung pada kehidupan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Desa wisata, Daya tarik, Partisipasi ABSTRACT COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIBEUSI TOURISM VILLAGE IN THE CIATER DISTRICT SUBANG REGENCY by : Agustian Fareri (1703573) [email protected] Advisor : Prof. Dr. Hj. Enok Maryani M.S 1 Dr. Iwan Setiawan, S.Pd., M.Si 2 [email protected] [email protected] Tourism village is a part of tourism that places importance on rural resources’ potential. Cibeusi village is the most visited tourist village in Ciater District. The purpose of this study is to a analyze the factors that contribute to Cibeusi Village’s attractiveness as a tourism village, as well as the amount of community participation in its development. This study was conducted with survey methods by distributing questionnaires to visitors to knows attractiveness and to people of the Cibeusi Village community to analyze of community participation. The tourists as many 100 people was taken by google form and the community as many 100 people was taken by random sampling. The result of the study show that the attraction factor in the form of expanse of black rice fields is the most dominant of Cibeusi Village’s attractiveness. Meanwhile, the highest community participation is at the of taking advantage of the development carried out, participation in the form of energy and informations, and the lowest participation is at the evaluation, because the community is not directly involved in evaluating the development activities. The recommendation from this study is that the government must involve the community to be directly involved in every stage of the development of a tourism village because it will have a impact on the lives of the comunnity. Keywords: Tourism Village, Attractiveness, Participatio

I sistemi produttivi in Italia tra globalizzazione e digitalizzazione

Italy, like other advanced economies, is in the midst of a profound transformation of the production system. At the heart of these processes are two long-term shocks: exposure to competition from emerging and newly industrialized countries and exposure to new digital technologies (ict and robots). Starting from the works of Acemoglu and Restrepo (2017) for the United States and Dauth, Findeisen, Südekum and Woessner (2017) for Germany, an empirical analysis of the impact of digitalization and globalization on the employment dynamics of the Italian local labour markets (sll) is proposed. To this end, a database has been built that unifies the structural data on Istat slls for the period 1991-2011 with data on robots from ifr (International Federation of Robotics). The database integrated the data on investments in ict technologies, provided by eu-klems, the data relating to the trade flows of wits (World Integrated Trade Solution, World Bank) and, lastly, comtrade (un) data. The analysis highlights two results. The first result is that, in the recent history of Italian economic development, the fall in manufacturing employment is due to a much greater extent to competition from emerging and newly industrialized countries compared to the digitization process. The second result is that both in relation to digitization and in relation to globalization the effects on the whole country are far from homogeneous. The effects are spread across the territory according to the different exposure and the different characteristics of the local productive system that suffer the two shocks. In this sense, slls are the necessary tool to understand who wins and who loses

When is giving an impulse? An ERP investigation of intuitive prosocial behavior

Human prosociality is often assumed to emerge from exerting reflective control over initial, selfish impulses. However, recent findings suggest that prosocial actions can also stem from processes that are fast, automatic and intuitive. Here, we attempt to clarify when prosocial behavior may be intuitive by examining prosociality as a form of reward seeking. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we explored whether a neural signature that rapidly encodes the motivational salience of an event\u2014the P300\u2014can predict intuitive prosocial motivation. Participants allocated varying amounts of money between themselves and charities they initially labelled as high- or low-empathy targets under conditions that promoted intuitive or reflective decision making. Consistent with our predictions, P300 amplitude over centroparietal regions was greater when giving involved high-empathy targets than low-empathy targets, but only when deciding under intuitive conditions. Reflective conditions, alternatively, elicited an earlier frontocentral positivity related to response inhibition, regardless of target. Our findings suggest that during prosocial decision making, larger P300 amplitude could (i) signal intuitive prosocial motivation and (ii) predict subsequent engagement in prosocial behavior. This work offers novel insight into when prosociality may be driven by intuitive processes and the roots of such behaviors