PENGARUH CAMPURAN BAHAN BAKAR PREMIUM, HIDROGEN DAN ETANOL 96% TERHADAP PERFOMANSI DAN EMISI GAS BUANG MESIN GENSET OTTO

Semakin berkurangnya cadangan minyak bumi dan pemakaian bahan bakar fosil yang terus meningkat menyebabkan timbulnya ancaman krisis energi. Mengantisipasi hal tersebut diperlukan pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan sebagai energi alternatif. Pencampuran bahan bakar untuk menghemat penggunaan minyak merupakan salah satu alternatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan performansi dan emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan mesin genset Otto 4 langkah merk STARKE tipe GFH1900LX dengan menggunakan bahan bakar premium 100%, etanol(96%) 100%, campuran premium 50% dengan etanol 50%, serta penambahan hidrogen sebesar 2,5% pada bahan bakar campuran etanol dan premium. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara menimbang bahan bakar kemudian, memberikan beban pada mesin genset yang telah dihidupkan, tegangan dan kuat arus diukur dengan multimeter, putaran diukur dengan tachometer dan waktu habis bahan bakar dihitung dengan stopwatch, kemudian data dianalisa. Dari percobaan menggunakan bahan bakar etanol 100%, sfc yang tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah 4320g/Kw.jam tergolong boros jika di bandingkan dengan campuran bahan bakar premium 100% sebesar 3043 g/Kw.jam, serta etanol 50% + premium50% sebesar 4071 g/ Kw.jam, dan campuran (premium50% + etanol50%)97,5% + hydrogen 2,5% sebesar 3975 g/Kw.jam akan tetapi bahan bakar etanol, hidrogen, dan campuran ini tetap mempunyai keuntungan, yaitu ketersediaan bahan baku yang melimpah

IL-2 Immunotherapy to Recently HIV-1 Infected Adults Maintains the Numbers of IL-17 Expressing CD4+ T (TH17) Cells in the Periphery

Little is known about the manipulation of IL-17 producing CD4+ T cells (TH17) on a per-cell basis in humans in vivo. Previous studies on the effects of IL-2 on IL-17 secretion in non-HIV models have shown divergent results. We hypothesized that IL-2 would mediate changes in IL-17 levels among recently HIV-1-infected adults receiving anti-retroviral therapy. We measured cytokine T cell responses to CD3/CD28, HIV-1 Gag, and CMV pp65 stimulation, and changes in multiple CD4+ T cell subsets. Those who received IL-2 showed a robust expansion of naive and total CD4+ T cell counts and T-reg counts. However, after IL-2 treatment, the frequency of TH17 cells declined, while counts of TH17 cells did not change due to an expansion of the CD4+ naïve T cell population (CD27+CD45RA+). Counts of HIV-1 Gag-specific T cells declined modestly, but CMV pp65 and CD3/CD28 stimulated populations did not change. Hence, in contrast with recent studies, our results suggest IL-2 is not a potent in vivo regulator of TH17 cell populations in HIV-1 disease. However, IL-2-mediated T-reg expansions may selectively reduce responses to certain antigen-specific populations, such as HIV-1 Gag

Livestock Feed Production from Sago Solid Waste by Pretreatment and Anaerobic Fermentation Process

Food needs in Indonesia is increasing, including beef. Today, Indonesia has problem to do self-sufficiency in beef. The cause of the problem is the quality of local beef is still lower compared with imported beef due to the quality of livestock feed consumed. To increase the quality of livestock is through pretreatment and fermentation. Source of livestock feed that processed is solid sago waste (Arenga microcarpa), because in Indonesia that is relatively abundant and not used optimally. Chemical pretreatment process for delignification is by using NaOH solution. The purposes of this research are to study NaOH pretreatment, the addition of Trichoderma sp, and fermentation time to improve the quality of sago solid waste as livestock feed through anaerobic fermentation. The variables used are addition or without addition (4%w NaOH solution and Trichoderma sp 1%w) and fermentation time (7, 14 and 21 days), with the response of crude fiber and protein. The result of this research shows that the pretreatment with soaking of NaOH solution, addition of Trichoderma sp and 14 days of fermentation was more effective to improve the quality of solid sago waste with decrease of crude fiber from 33.37% to 17.36% and increase of crude protein from 4.00% to 7.96%

Analysis of the Relationship of Economic Inequality to Criminality in the City of South Tangerang

The relationship between economic growth and income inequality can be positive and negative. In low-income developing countries, there is a negative relationship between income inequality and economic growth, in contrast to high-income developing countries, which have a positive relationship between inequality and economic growth. The findings from the research we did the economic inequality variable and the crime rate variable in the South Tangerang City area have a significant relationship. Based on the results of the field research studies that we have done, we can provide suggestions that can be used by related parties, with the aim of improving the quality of the economy and reducing the crime rate in the South Tangerang area. As explained in the research above that there is a significant influence between economic inequality and the crime rate so that we think the government can provide jobs that can improve the quality of the economy in the South Tangerang City area so that the economic level in the South Tangerang area can be better and the level of crime can be reduced