Simulation and analysis of pointto-point differential drive mobile robot

A differential drive robot and Path motion point to point are studied and implemented in this thesis. The model by the Dudek model on Instantaneous Centre of Curvature is also discussed. The simulation of the mathematical model of the mobile robot was carried out in Simulink by using the Differential Drive Forward Kinematics and Differential Drive Inverse Kinematics blocks to convert between body velocities and wheel velocities. And use the Differential Drive Simulation block to simulate the pose given wheel speeds as inputs. Point to point motion was performed to test the robustness of the controller (0.0) as starting point and (4.4) as final destination and the results were used to optimize better performance

Pattern reconfigurable metamaterial antenna for 5G base station network

Reconfiguration of an antenna’s radiation pattern in a predefined direction is very important for enhancing the performance of communication systems in terms of the quality of service, system security, avoiding interference, and economizing power. Metamaterials, on the other hand, are commonly used in antenna design to enhance the gain, bandwidth, and efficiency and recently to tilt the radiation beam. Nonetheless, few issues had been encountered especially when the frequency is pushed to higher range such as the inherent losses that restrict the variety of their applications. Hence, metamaterials structures with relatively low loss are in high demand. In this thesis, various metamaterial structures with low loss properties are proposed. Then these structures are reconfigured and integrated with the fifth-generation (5G) planar antennas at two different frequency bands i.e. millimetre-wave (MMW) band and sub-6 GHz band for beam deflection applications. The modified double square ring resonator (DSRR) and contiguous squares resonator (CSR) structures are investigated numerically and experimentally to provide low loss property at 76 GHz and around 28 GHz, respectively. DSRR and CSR achieve losses of 0.5 dB and 0.2 dB, respectively. Both structures are manufactured and measured to validate the results. Furthermore, the analytical model is introduced to predict the electromagnetic behaviour of the proposed metamaterial structures. Thereafter, the CSR, Bridge shaped resonator (BSR) and split square resonator (SSR) structures are electronically reconfigured to produce different refractive indices at MMW and sub-6 GHz spectrums, which are used for deflecting the radiation beam of the 5G planar antennas. An array of unreconfigurable adjacent square-shaped resonators (ASSRs) has been also used for tilting the radiation pattern of planar antenna at sub-6 GHz spectrum. These proposed structures are included in the substrate of the dipole antenna and bow-tie antenna for deflecting the radiation pattern in E-plane at two different 5G bands of 28 GHz and 3.5 GHz. The results of all designs at both bands show that the radiation beam of the antennas is deflected in both positive and negative directions with respect to y-direction of antenna. At 28 GHz, a high deflection angle of 34° is obtained using simple structure, BSR, with gain improvement up to 1.9 dB (26.7%). On the other hand, at 3.5 GHz, the beam deflection angle of ±39º is achieved with gain enhancement up to 2.4 dB (35.6%) using passive beam deflection antenna whereas the beam deflection of ±36º is obtained using an active beam deflection antenna. The reconfigurable metamaterial antennas are proposed to be used in 5G base station network with advantages of high deflection angles, gain enhancement, low profile structure, low cost, lightweight, and easy integration with other circuits for 5G beam deflection applications

Configuration of horizontal voids and lightwell to improve natural ventilation in high-rise residential buildings in hot humid climate

Cross-flow ventilation is the most effective strategy for providing thermal comfort and ensuring air quality in buildings, while minimizing the required energy cost. In hot and humid climate, the high-rise building plan configuration incorporates different types of lightwell, either in the core or perimeter of the building, that allow for opening the windows in different directions and thus enables better cross-ventilation. The lightwell space is subjected to produce a suction effect along its space and thus adjoining indoor spaces. Lightwell at the core with opening at top trapped unwanted gases and thus reduce the fresh air flow in its space and reduce the cross flow ventilation in adjoining units. Nevertheless, having a lightwell may not be enough to provide adequate natural ventilation in high rise buildings. This study examines the internal lightwell connection to the outside through different horizontal voids as inlets. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) technique employing ANSYS Fluent code is used to predict airflow characteristics for eighteen (18) alternative ventilation configurations of a full-scale building model. The full-scale model was developed according to common configurations of high-rise residential (HRR) buildings in Kuala Lumpur, as well as referring to the minimum requirements of the Malaysian Uniform Building By-Law (1984). The results show that the existence of a direct connection of the internal lightwell through a horizontal void affects the air change per hour (ACH) and the thermal comfort in the lightwell space and adjoining units, respectively. Although the existence of double-level voids increases ACH by up to 67 % along the lightwell, it reduces the air velocity by 70 % in adjoining units compared to the lightwell without direct connection. In order to reduce such contrast and to optimize the cross-flow ventilation in the lightwell and its adjoining units, the study recommends giving more attention to the lightwell inlet design. This study provides proper guidelines to predict ventilation performance and to improve the design of naturally ventilated HRR buildings

Evaluation Of Apical Sealing Ability Of A Newly Developed Nano-Hydroxyapatite Sealer Using Cold Lateral And Continuous Wave Condensation Techniques: An In Vitro Study

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membuat perbandingan dan menilai keupayaan pengapan apikal bahan pengap endodontik nano-HA dengan bahan pengap AH 26 menggunakan teknik kondensasi lateral sejuk dan kondensasi gelombang berterusan. Sebanyak dua ratus tiga puluh dua batang gigi manusia berakar tunggal digunakan. Korona dipotong pada bahagian “semento-enamel” menggunakan alat pemotong-Exakt. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of an experimental nano-HA containing endodontic sealer and compare it with AH 26 sealer using cold lateral and continuous wave condensation techniques. Two hundred and thirty two extracted single rooted human teeth were used. Crowns were amputated at the cemento-enamel junction using Exakt-cutting system. The root canals were prepared using a crown-down technique with ProTaper nickel titanium rotary system and randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 53 teeth each

Effect of Some Variables on the Level of Health Behavior among Faculty Members at the University of Science and Technology – Yemen

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مستوى السلوك الصحي لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس في جامعة العلوم والتكنولوجيا اليمنية، ومدى تأثره بالمتغيرات: (الجنس، العمر, الحالة الاجتماعية, المستوى الأكاديمي, الكلية وسنوات الخبرة)، ولتحقيق هدف الدراسة تم استخدم المنهج الوصفي، وقد استخدم اختبار السلوك الصحي الذي يحتوي على مظاهر معينة من السلوك الصحي وأبعاده الخمسة، وقامت الباحثة بإضافة وتعديل عدد من الفقرات لتتناسب مع البيئة اليمنية، تكونت العينة من (125) فرداً، بلغ عدد المستجيبين (94) فرداً، وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن مستوى السلوك الصحي بين أعضاء هيئة التدريس كان متوسطا، كما أشارت الدراسة إلى عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى السلوك الصحي في ضوء متغيرات: (الجنس, العمر والكلية)، ينما بينت النتائج وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في مستوى السلوك الصحي في ضوء متغيرات: (الحالة الاجتماعية، المستوى الأكاديمي، وسنوات الخبرة)، وأوصت الباحثة الاستفادة من نتائج الدراسة في المساعدة في الإعداد والتخطيط والتطوير لبرامج تعزيز السلوك الصحي، ورفع مستوى التوعية الصحية وثقافة التغيير التنظيمي في الجامعة بشكل خاص وفي المجتمع اليمني بشكل عام. الكلمات المفتاحية: السلوك الصحي, أعضاء هيئة التدريس، المتغيرات الديمغرافية.The aim of this study was to identify the level of health behavior of faculty members at the University of Science and Technology- Yemen; and to what extent this level is affected by some variables, such as gender, age, marital status, academic level, college type and years of experience. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive method was followed; and a test of the level of health behavior, consisting of certain health aspects and five dimensions, was used. Some items of the test were modified by the researcher in order to adapt them to the Yemeni context. The study sample consisted of 125 faculty members, but 94 of them took the test. The study results revealed that the level of health behavior among faculty members was medium. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of health behavior attributed to these variables: gender, age and college type. However, there were statistically significant differences in the level of health behavior attributed to these variables: marital status, academic level and years of experience. It was recommended that the study findings be taken into consideration to develop and plan programs for promoting health behavior and raising the level of health awareness and culture of organizational change in the university in particular and in the Yemeni society in general. Keywords: health behavior, faculty members, demographic variables

Deterioration in Urban Residential Areas: Causes and the Enhancement: Sana’a City is a Case Study

التشوهات الحضرية أصبحت منتشرة وشائعة ولها أسبابها التي لاتقتصر على بعض التجاوزات في تنفيذ مخططات المجاورات السكنية التي تقرها سلطات التخطيط الحضري. إن معظم التجاوزات كانت سببا أساسيا في تشوهات حضرية مثل البناء خارج خط التنظيم أو تغيير أبعاد الشوارع وأحيانا إغلاق شارع ببناء، خلط استخدامات الأرض، تخفيض نسب الأرصفة على حدود الشوارع، عدم إعطاء الشكل للواجهات يسبب تشوا بصريا وبيئيا يجعل المنطقة غير حضرية، كل هذه المخالفات سواء كانت بقصد أو بسبب جهل الاستخدامات بحسب الوظيفة لها انعكاساتها السلبية والتشوهات الحضرية والبيئية، و يواكب هذه التغييرات عدم احترام القوانين واللوائح المنظمة للبيئة الحضرية في كثير من مناطق المدينة وبالأخص السكنية. إن ضبط هذه العملية من مهام الهيئات المختصة فهي تتطلب متابعة دائمة للنمو الحضري وما يشوبه من مساوئ أو تشوهات ورصدها من خلال المسوحات الحضرية الميدانية المستمرة للحصول على معلومات من الواقع وتحليلها بالطرق الملائمة لها ونشرها بدراسات لإيجاد حلول عملية مناسبة لكل منطقة بحسب خصوصيتها وطبيعة مشاكلها للوقوف أمام أسباب التشوهات والمشاكل الحضرية نحو تطبيق الحلول التي تقترحها هذه الدراسات. إن الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحديد مواقع التشوهات الحضرية وحصر اسبابها حصريا على المناطق السكنية وماهي التداعيات التخطيطية حضريا من منظور علم التصميم الحضري وآثارها سلبا على جوانب حياة المستخدمين، (الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والبيئية). تم الاطلاع على أدبيات علم التصميم الحضري و على الأساليب والتجارب المتبعة عالميا وإقليميا في إعادة التأهيل الحضري ورفع كفاءاة المناطق أو إعادة تأهيلها إلى حالات أفضل عما كانت عليه، ثم كان حصر مواقع التشوهات الحضرية وتحددت أسباب نشوئها في الوضع الراهن لمنطقة الدراسة. لقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهجية الوصفية والتحليل والمقارنات، وخلصت إلى العديد من الاستنتاجات عن الأسباب، وتوصلت إلى وضع استراتيجية شملت المعالجات الحضرية على المستوى الأفقي للوصول إلى تحسين وتطوير البيئة السكنية داخل الهيكل الحضري شاملا الشوارع والفراغات البينية، ثم على المستوى الرأسي حيث اقترحت سياسات لمعالجات الواجهات في المباني من خلال تقنيات وآليات التصميم الحضري الذي استخدم في مختلف التجارب الدولية والإقليمية الناجحة. الكلمات المفتاحية: مدينة صنعاء، المناطق السكنية، البيئة الحضرية، التشوهات والعيوب الحضرية، معالجات حضرية.Defects and deterioration of the urban areas throughout Sana’a city due to the lack of awareness, and ignorance the implementation rules, “Building regulations”. These defects and deterioration of the urban housing areas, some of the building been built out of the planning parameters, dimensions’ of the streets changed as it been designed and planed by the planning authority (s), open spaces between buildings never organized, lack of green areas, and lack of social facilities. Moreover, a mixed land uses, harmed the residential areas. The aim of the paper is to discuss the role of urban design as a transformative instrument in the regeneration process, considering the rebuilding of the society cultural values as the most important goals as well as the most important urban and architectural vocabulary. The study aim to identify location and reasons of existence of the defects, and what circumstances will result on social and economic aspects of the inhabitants of the residential areas in the city. We will focus on social as well as spatial aspects of built environments, and discuss national and international case studies in order to explore perceptual, morphological, functional, symbolic, regulatory, social, cultural, and political-economic aspects of urban design and apply that to enhance the defected urban area with the city of Sana’a. The descriptive and comparative analysis method was followed for the study, and then come out with some conclusions and recommendations to improve physical characteristics of built environment, which aim to contribute to the quality of life of urban residential environment at the study area, and to apply to the whole city, in the future urban enhancement. Keywords: Sana’a city, Residential areas, Urban Environment, defects and deterioration, Urban improvement or enhancement

PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN-NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION IN THE IN-PATIENTS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY -YEMEN

Objective:  Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of most important cause of healthcare-associated infections. This active surveillance cross sectional study was aimed to determine the rate of P. aeruginosa colonization among inpatients at three tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city. In addition, to determine risk factors of colonization and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated P. aeruginosa.  Methods: The study included 327 inpatients. Skin and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participated patients and data were collected by predesigned questionnaire. Standard methods of isolation and identification were used to isolate bacteria in pure culture then identify. Also, antibiotic sensitivity for isolated P. aeruginosa was determined by the disc diffusion method. 42 patients (12.8%) were colonized with P. aeruginosa on skin and nasopharyngeal. Results: The significant risk factors of colonization were male patients (OR=2.5), older age (OR= 2.2), burn ward (OR=37), long stay in hospital (OR=4) and burn as underlying disease (OR=45). The isolated P. aeruginosa were completely resistant (100%), to Aztroneome, Ceftriaxone, and Ciprofloxacine; and the rates of resistant were ranged between 83.3-85.7% for Amikacin, Ampicillin sulbactam Levofloxacin. Also the rates were 71.4% for Netilmicin and 92.9% for chloramphenicol. Moreover, the rates of resistant were low for Gentamicin (35.7%), Imipenem (11.9%), Pipracillin Tazobactam (11.9%), Ticaracillin calvulanic acid (31%) and Colistin sulphat (14.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has highlighted the role of hospitalization as a significant risk for P. aeruginosa colonization; concerted and coordinated efforts are required both in the hospital and community to tackle this.  These data emphasize the need to identify hospitalized patients colonized with P. aeruginosa on admission. Prediction rules or rapid diagnostic testing will help clinicians more appropriately choose empiric antibiotic therapy if subsequent infections occurred.                  Peer Review History: Received 25 November 2018;   Revised 15 December; Accepted 28 December, Available online 15 January 2019 Academic Editor:  Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:        Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Omonkhelin J Owolabi, University of Benin, Nigeria, [email protected] Dr. Francis Adou Yapo, Felix Houphouet Boigny, University of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, [email protected] Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN IN-VITRO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LACTOBACILLI METABOLITES LOADED HYDROGEL FORMULATIONS AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOS

BIOFILM FORMATION AND ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF UROPATHOGENS IN PATIENTS WITH CATHETER ASSOCIATED URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IBB CITY -YEMEN

Objective: Biofilm formation by uropathogens on the surface of indwelling medical devices can inflict obstinate or recurring infection, thought-provoking antimicrobial therapy.  This study included 227 patients with indwelling urinary catheters and suffering from CAUTI. They were analyzed for biofilm formation and antibiogram susceptibility, 59.4% were males and 40.6% were females. Methods: Ensuing phenotypic identification of isolated bacteria, antibiotic sensitivity test was performed by modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method following   the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI 2015) guidelines; Biofilm-forming uropathogens were detected by the tissue culture plate (TCA) method. Results: The predominant uropathogen in catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) was Escherichia coli 46.3%, followed by K. pneumoniae18.5%, P. aeruginosa 11.9%,7%, S. coagulase negative 5.7%, S. aureus 4.8%, Enterobacter spp. 4.4%, E. faecalis 1.3%.  The total rate of biofilm producer bacteria was 49.3% (21.1% high producers, 28.2% moderate producers). Prime biofilm producers were E. coli 60% with OR=8.6 (p=0.002), followed by K. pneumoniae 57.1% with OR=10.1 (p=0.002), and P. aeruginosa 37% with OR=6.6 (p=0.02). Gram-negative biofilm producers found 100%, 100%, 88.6%, 82.9%, 81.9%, 80.9%, and 72.4%, 40%, 33% resistant to ampicillin , amoxyclave, cotrimoxazole,  ceftraxone, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, nitrofurantoin and amikacin respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, a high antimicrobial resistance was observed in biofilm producers than non-biofilm producers. Of recommended antimicrobial therapies for CAUTIs, ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanate were the least active antibiotics, whereas imipenem and amikacin were found as the most effectual for gram-negative biofilm producer. Likewise, penicillin and erythromycin were the least active antibiotics, whereas vancomycin, and rifampicin were found as the most effective antibiotic for Gram-positive biofilm producer.                                 Peer Review History: Received 10 December 2019;   Revised 26 December; Accepted 4 January, Available online 15 January 2020 Academic Editor: Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Mujde Eryilmaz, Ankara University,Turkey, [email protected] Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, [email protected] Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, [email protected] Similar Articles: EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES PREVALENCE OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS (MRSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA SKIN-NASOPHARYNGEAL COLONIZATION IN THE IN-PATIENTS: PREVALENCE, RISK FACTORS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN TERTIARY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY -YEMEN PREVALENCE, ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF MRSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS AMONG MILITARY PATIENTS AT 48 MEDICAL COMPOUND IN SANA'A CITY-YEMEN PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEME

Knowledge and practice of menstrual hygiene management among women living in a low-income neighbourhood, Karachi, Pakistan

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the degree of awareness and practice of proper menstrual hygiene management among women living in low-income neighbourhood in Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Bizerta Lines, Karachi between January and June 2019. All women of reproductive age were included in the study. Amenorrheic, menopausal, or women on birth control were excluded from the study. Degree of awareness and current practices pertaining to menstrual hygiene management were assessed through pro-forma. The study tool collected the participant’s knowledge, awareness, and misconceptions about menstruation. The factors affecting the quality of life during menstruation of women living in poor socio-economic conditions were also observed. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.23) was used to analyze the collected data.Results: Of the 338 participants, 82.5% had no knowledge of menstruation prior to their first menstrual period. Only a minority of the women knew that the source of menstrual blood was the uterus while 41.4% of the women incorrectly claimed that the menstrual blood and urine were expelled from the same orifice. More than half of the participants used disposable sanitary napkins (55.5%). 65% of the participants changed the absorbent at least 1 to 3 times a day.Conclusions: Most of the participants used disposable sanitary napkins. However, the basic knowledge of female anatomy and physiology behind menstruation was poor among women

Synthesis and characterization of sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol/zinc oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites for electrochemical applications

Polymer nanocomposites films, based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) complexed with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and iron oxide nanorods (Fe3O4 NRs) as nanofiller, were prepared by solution casting technique. Different techniques were used to describe the prepared films. XRD and FTIR were used to pinpoint the complexation of the nanofiller with the polymer mixture. The XRD investigation verified the existence of the crystalline peaks of ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs in the polymeric matrices. The average particle size of nanocomposite was 23 nm. TEM image of the ZnO nanopowder confirming the spherical form of nanoparticles with average size 30 nm. The TEM image of Fe3O4 NRs reveals the free nanorods are around 9–23 nm in diameter and 130–350 nm in length. Peak positions and intensity variations in the FTIR absorption spectra are observed when the concentration increases from 2 to 8 wt% of ZnO NPs/Fe3O4 NRs. AC conductivity showed that the NaAlg/PVA-(8 wt%) ZnO/Fe3O4 NPs nanocomposites have higher electrical conductivity than NaAlg/PVA blend. For samples of 8% ZnO/Fe3O4, the (Formula presented.) of nanocomposites reached 3.66 × 10−8 S cm−1. ZnO/Fe3O4 nanoparticles considerably improved the nanocomposites' ability to conduct electricity. For the development of functional composite materials for the manufacture of electrical devices, sensors, and high-energy storage capacitors, the enhanced characteristics of synthesized NaAlg/PVA-ZnO/Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be helpful