The universe dynamics in the tachyon cosmology with non-minimal coupling to matter

Recently, the tachyon cosmology has been represented as dark energy model to support the current acceleration of the universe without phantom crossing. In this paper, we study the dynamics of the tachyon cosmology in which the field plays the role of tachyon field and also non--minimally coupled to the matter lagrangian. The model shows current universe acceleration and also phantom crossing in the future. Two cosmological tests are also performed to validate the model; the difference in the distance modulus and the model independent Cosmological Redshift Drift (CRD) test.Comment: 14 pages, 11 figure

Effect of Nd:YAG laser combined with fluoride on the prevention of primary tooth enamel demineralization

Most studies dealing with the caries preventive action of Nd:YAG laser have been done in permanent teeth and studies on primary teeth are still lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effect of Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride sources on the acid resistance of primary tooth enamel after artificial caries induction by assessing longitudinal microhardness and demineralization depth. Sixty enamel blocks obtained from the buccal/lingual surface of exfoliated human primary molars were coated with nail polish/wax, leaving only a 9 mm² area exposed on the outer enamel surface, and randomly assigned to 6 groups (n=10) according to the type of treatment: C-control (no treatment); APF: 1.23% acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; FV: 5% fluoride varnish; L: Nd:YAG laser 0.5 W/10 Hz in contact mode; APFL: fluoride gel + laser; FVL: fluoride varnish + laser. After treatment, the specimens were subjected to a des-remineralization cycle for induction of artificial caries lesions. Longitudinal microhardness data (%LMC) were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and demineralization depth data were analyzed by oneway ANOVA and Fisher&#8217;s LSD test (á=0.05). APFL and APF groups presented the lowest percentage of microhardness change (p<0.05). Demineralization depth was smaller in all treated groups compared with the untreated control. In conclusion, Nd:YAG laser combined or not with fluoride gel/varnish was not more effective than fluoride alone to prevent enamel demineralization within the experimental period

Contribution to the floristic knowledge of the Maddalena Mountains (Basilicata and Campania, southern Italy)

The inventory of the taxa collected during the annual field trip of the working group for Floristics, Systematics and Evolution of the Italian Botanical Society is reported. It was held in 2013 along the Maddalena Mountains, a mountain ridge of the southern Apennines located between the Basilicata and Campania administrative regions (southern Italy), considered as being poorly characterized in terms of vascular flora. A total of 701 units belonging to 74 plant families were recorded including two varieties and four hybrids.Thirty-five taxa resulted endemic to Italy and only 11 alien species were detected, while 36 taxa are new or confirmed for the regional floras of Basilicata and/or Campania. In particular, 12 taxa are new for Basilicata, while four are confirmed. Regarding Campania, 14 taxa resulted new for the regional flora and five were confirmed

Contribution to the floristic knowledge of the head of the Po Valley (Piedmont, north Italy)

In 2014, the annual field trip of the working group for Floristics, Systematics, and Evolution of the Italian Botanical Society was held in Piemonte (northern Italy), at the head of the Po Valley. This valley, at whose extremity is located the Monviso (3,841 m a.s.l.), belongs to the Cottian Alps about which very little is known from a floristic point of view. An inventory of the taxa of vascular plants collected during the field trip is reported here. The research led to the identification of 3,546 exsiccata, kept in nine public and nine private collections. A total of 669 taxa belonging to 79 plant families were recorded. Six taxa resulted endemic to Italy and three exclusive to Piemonte, while only nine alien species were detected; six taxa are new and five confirmed for the regional flora

Evaluation of enamel and root dentin surface wear submitted to bleaching treatment: in vitro and in situ

Devido a alterações químico-estruturais causadas pelo clareamento, os substratos dentais poderiam tornar-se mais susceptíveis a perda tecidual, principalmente se expostos a desafios erosivo/abrasivos. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) analisar in vitro, se o esmalte e a radicular dentina clareada com diferentes agentes e concentrações, apresenta uma maior susceptibilidade ao desgaste, quando submetido a ciclos de erosão e abrasão; 2) comparar o efeito da aplicação de um agente clareador a base de peróxido de carbamida a 10% a um placebo no desgaste do esmalte e da dentina radicular, através de um modelo in situ. Os resultados do estudo in vitro mostraram que, independentemente do agente usado, o clareamento não aumentou o desgaste do esmalte frente a episódios erosivo-abrasivos. Na dentina, o desgaste foi dependente do agente clareador aplicado. Baseado no protocolo in situ adotado, o peróxido de carbamida a 10% não causou maior desgaste superficial no esmalte, mas aumentou a perda de tecido dentinário comparado ao placebo. Pode-se concluir que, em termos de desgaste superficial, o esmalte não foi afetado pelo tratamento clareador, enquanto a dentina mostrou-se mais susceptível. Assim, sugerem-se cuidados adicionais na seleção do agente clareador em situações clínicas que apresentam dentina radicular exposta.Due to the chemical and microstructural alterations caused by bleaching, the dental substrates can become more susceptible to tissue loss, mainly if exposed to erosive/abrasive challenges. Therefore, the present study had the following objectives: 1) to analyze in vitro, if enamel and root dentin that had been bleached with different agents and concentrations, were at increased risk of wear when submitted to cycles of erosion and abrasion; 2) to compare the effect of the application of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent to a placebo on wear of enamel and root dentin, through an in situ model. The results of the in vitro study showed that independent of agent used, the bleaching demonstrated no increase in the wear of enamel when exposed to the erosive-abrasive episodes. In dentin, the wear was dependent on the bleaching agent applied. Based on the in situ protocol adopted, the 10% carbamide peroxide did not cause higher wear on the enamel, but increased the wear of the root dentin compared to the placebo. It could be concluded that in terms of superficial wear, enamel was not affected by bleaching treatment, while dentin showed to be more susceptible. Thus, additional caution is suggested in the choice of the bleaching agent when root dentin is exposed

Evaluation of enamel and root dentin surface wear submitted to bleaching treatment: in vitro and in situ

Devido a alterações químico-estruturais causadas pelo clareamento, os substratos dentais poderiam tornar-se mais susceptíveis a perda tecidual, principalmente se expostos a desafios erosivo/abrasivos. Desta forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivos: 1) analisar in vitro, se o esmalte e a radicular dentina clareada com diferentes agentes e concentrações, apresenta uma maior susceptibilidade ao desgaste, quando submetido a ciclos de erosão e abrasão; 2) comparar o efeito da aplicação de um agente clareador a base de peróxido de carbamida a 10% a um placebo no desgaste do esmalte e da dentina radicular, através de um modelo in situ. Os resultados do estudo in vitro mostraram que, independentemente do agente usado, o clareamento não aumentou o desgaste do esmalte frente a episódios erosivo-abrasivos. Na dentina, o desgaste foi dependente do agente clareador aplicado. Baseado no protocolo in situ adotado, o peróxido de carbamida a 10% não causou maior desgaste superficial no esmalte, mas aumentou a perda de tecido dentinário comparado ao placebo. Pode-se concluir que, em termos de desgaste superficial, o esmalte não foi afetado pelo tratamento clareador, enquanto a dentina mostrou-se mais susceptível. Assim, sugerem-se cuidados adicionais na seleção do agente clareador em situações clínicas que apresentam dentina radicular exposta.Due to the chemical and microstructural alterations caused by bleaching, the dental substrates can become more susceptible to tissue loss, mainly if exposed to erosive/abrasive challenges. Therefore, the present study had the following objectives: 1) to analyze in vitro, if enamel and root dentin that had been bleached with different agents and concentrations, were at increased risk of wear when submitted to cycles of erosion and abrasion; 2) to compare the effect of the application of a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent to a placebo on wear of enamel and root dentin, through an in situ model. The results of the in vitro study showed that independent of agent used, the bleaching demonstrated no increase in the wear of enamel when exposed to the erosive-abrasive episodes. In dentin, the wear was dependent on the bleaching agent applied. Based on the in situ protocol adopted, the 10% carbamide peroxide did not cause higher wear on the enamel, but increased the wear of the root dentin compared to the placebo. It could be concluded that in terms of superficial wear, enamel was not affected by bleaching treatment, while dentin showed to be more susceptible. Thus, additional caution is suggested in the choice of the bleaching agent when root dentin is exposed

Effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide on wear resistance of enamel and dentine: In situ study

Objectives: This triple-blind, 2 x 2 crossover in situ study, was undertaken to verify whether the wear resistance of enamel and root dentine would be affected by bleaching with a 10% carbamide peroxide agent and a placebo agent. Methods: Thirty slabs of each. substrate (2 mm x 3 mm x 2 mm) were selected for each phase, after flattening and polishing procedures and microhardness test. After a 7-day lead-in period, one specimen of each substrate was randomly bonded on the facial surface of each one of 30 subject`s upper second premolars. The volunteers received instructions on how to perform toothbrushing and application of gel in the tray. Fifteen volunteers bleached their maxillary arch with a 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent for a 2-week period, while the remainders used a placebo agent. After a 1-week washout period, a new set of enamel and root dentine slabs were bonded to the premolars and volunteers were crossed over to the alternate agent for 14 days. The resistance of enamel and root dentine to wear following bleaching, toothbrushing and intraoral exposure was measured with a profilometer, using reference areas. Results: For enamel, ANOVA did not demonstrate significant difference between wear provided by placebo and bleaching agent (p = 0.3713), but higher wear depth was observed for bleached root dentine (p = 0.0346). Conclusions: While overnight bleaching caused no alteration in wear resistance of enamel, root dentine showed increased tissue loss. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.CNPq[477419/2004-6]FAPESP[04/15795-0

Effect of a bleaching agent on abrasion of resin-based restoratives

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of a 10% carbamide peroxide-containing bleaching agent on brushing abrasion of esthetic restorative materials. Methods: Using a randomized complete block design, 150 specimens (n = 15) measuring 3 x 3 x 2 mm were fabricated into acrylic resin cylinders, using one of the restorative materials: a microfilled resin composite (At), a hybrid resin composite (Ch), a flowable resin composite (Wa), a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (Fj) and a polyacid-modified resin composite (Dy). The bleaching agent or artificial saliva (control) was applied for 2 hours/day. After that, 120 brushing strokes were simulated automatically and the samples were kept in artificial saliva. Such bleaching/brushing cycle was performed daily for 21 days. Wear depth was assessed using profilometry. Results: Bleaching did not show significant effect on wear depth. There was a significant difference among the restorative materials. Tukey`s test showed that (Al=Ch) < (Wa) < (Fj) and that Dy was only different from Fj. (Am J Dent 2009;22:171-174).The State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)[01/07035-7