The Frequency and Intensity of Job Burnout and Its Determinants in First Level Healthcare Employees in Islamabad- e Gharb in 2015

Background: Job burnout is a syndrome that occurs in response to long-term stress in workplace and declines job satisfaction and motivation in employees. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and intensity of job burnout and its determinants among the first level healthcare employees in Islamabad- e Gharb city. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 136 employees of health care centers of Islamabad- e Gharb in 2015 were selected through census method and based on inclusion criteria. The data collection tool was the Maslach burnout inventory that is a valid and reliable tool. Data were analyzed using descriptive Statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests and through SPSS 16 software. Results: The frequency of job burnout was mild in 47.8% of employees and moderate in 52.2% of them. The intensity of job burnout was mild in 25.7%, moderate in 73.5% and severe in 0.7% of participants. The frequency and intensity of job burnout showed no significant relation with age, sex, marital status, work experience, level of education, smoking, service location and the type of employment (P>0.05). Conclusion: Most employees had moderate and low levels of job burnout. Management strategies are necessary in order to prevent and reduce job burnout. Paying attention to the needs of staff such as increase in salary and benefits and job promotion is recommended. Keywords: Job burnout, Comprehensive health services centers, Health hous

Short communication: Effect of subclinical mastitis on reproductive performance of Holstein dairy cows in the Northwest of Spain

Aim of study: To investigate the effect of subclinical mastitis (SCM) before and after first artificial insemination (AI), characterized by a somatic cell count (SCC) higher than 200×103 cell/mL, on reproductive performance including first service conception rate (FSCR) and pregnancy loss (PL) in Holstein dairy cows. Area of study: The central area of Lugo, Galicia, Spain. Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on herd database of a population of 80 commercial Holstein dairy cow farms. A total number of 2053 lactations were included in this study. A binary logistic regression was carried out to analyse all data. Main results: The results of this study indicated that cows that registered a SCC lower than 200×103 cell/mL within 30 days after first AI were more likely to conceive pregnancy than cows with a higher SCC (31.2% and 25.1% FSCR, respectively; OR=1.285, 95% CI=1.000-1.653). Additionally, an increased SCC neither 30 days before nor 30 days after first AI had a negative effect on prevalence of PL in dairy cows. Research highlights: These findings revealed that SCM within 30 days after first AI negatively affected FSCR, whilst 30 days before first AI did not affect it. Therefore, it could be suggested that preventing subclinical mastitis after first AI, during a critical period of 30 days, is important to maximize the reproductive performance of dairy cows

Factors Affecting Traffic Accidents in Kermanshah City Taxi Drivers - Focusing on the Role of Fatigue and Sleep Quality

Background and Objective: Traffic accidents are one of the most important challenges metropolises face, which impose significant costs on them every year. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of accidents and the factors affecting them among city taxi drivers in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 320 male urban taxi drivers in Kermanshah were investigated in 2018. The required data were collected using a multi-part questionnaire including demographic and occupational characteristics, a visual analog scale for fatigue, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. To analyze the data, non-parametric statistical tests and logistic regression models were employed by using SPSS software (version 25). Results: The frequency of accidents among urban taxi drivers of Kermanshah was 38.3% (n=123). Significant differences were observed in the variables of work experience, fatigue level, and smoking among drivers with and without accidents (P<0.05). Based on logistic regression, smoking (odds ratio: 2.68 and 95% confidence interval: 1.66-4.33) and one unit increase in the fatigue level (odds ratio: 1.01 and 95% confidence interval: 1.00-0.1-02) were significantly associated with an increased chance of the accident in the drivers. Conclusion: Due to the relatively high prevalence of accidents among urban taxi drivers, it is necessary to design and prioritize comprehensive programs to identify and control the factors affecting accidents in this group of drivers