Determinants of Public Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can be considered as a global unity that has forced all countries to work together to treat it. Consistent with ongoing efforts to reduce the prevalence of COVID-19, building a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19, which is recognized as a major achievement, is a priority for many developed countries around the world. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the determinants of public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine.Methods: In this review, published articles on the determinants of public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine during 2020-2021 were reviewed. To obtain related scientific documents, the following keywords were searched in the title and abstract of published articles: Coronavirus 2019, COVID-19, and Vaccine acceptance, Resistance, Doubt, Vaccination, Determinants and Pandemics. Scientific databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus and ProQuest were searched and all relevant English articles were listed. The PRISMA checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles.Results: Initially, 372 English articles were retrieved and finally 19 articles were finally selected for comprehensive review and data extraction. The results showed that most people were more receptive to vaccines that produce 90%-95% efficacy and safety levels. Also, being a woman, low age, low-income level, being single, low education and lack of trust in the government were among the factors that reduced the acceptance of people for the COVID-19 vaccine. The most common reasons for people not participating in the vaccination process were fear of vaccine side effects, lack of confidence in vaccine efficacy, and safety levels.Conclusion: Considering that a significant number of people in the world have a high acceptance of vaccines with 90%-95% safety levels. Measures need to be taken to speed up the vaccination process. Also, since most people are only afraid and anxious about the side effects caused by vaccines, it is necessary to increase people’s awareness and knowledge about the positive and negative consequences of vaccination

A Comparison of Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (COBFCM) and Combined Overlap Block Neutrosophic Cognitive Map (COBNCM) in finding the hidden patterns and indeterminacies in Psychological Causal Models: Case Study of ADHD

In spite of researchers’ concerns to find causalities, reviewing the literature of psychological studies one may argue that the classical statistical methods applied in order to find causalities are unable to find uncertainty and indeterminacies of the relationships between concepts. In this paper, we introduce two methods to find effective solutions by identifying “hidden” patterns in the patients’ cognitive maps. Combined Overlap Block Fuzzy Cognitive Map (COBFCM) and Combined Overlap Block Neutrosophic Map (COBNCM) are effective when the number of concepts can be grouped and are large in numbers. In the first section, we introduce COBFCM, COBNCM, their applications, and the advantages of COBNCM over COBFCM in some cases. In the second section, we explain eight overlapped cognitive concepts related to ADHD in children and apply COBNCM and COBFCM to analyze the modeled data, comparing their results. Conclusions, limitations, and implications for applying COBNCM in other psychological areas are also discussed

Health-promoting behaviors and related factors among high school teachers in the city of Rasht, Iran

Background: Health Promoting Behaviors (HPB) are of great importance because of their potential benefits to prevent the progression of chronic diseases, reduce disease burden, improve quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs. The present study aimed to determine and compare HPB and related factors among high school teachers.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 257 high school teachers (138 women and 119 men) having at least associate degree in Rasht city, Iran during 2015. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire including the personal, familial, and social factors and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLPII) standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0. running descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent sample t-test, analysis of variance. P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: Among the participants 138 (53.7%) were female. The overall mean (SD) score of HPB among participants was 129.6 (22.64) and was undesirable. This score was significantly better among the women 130.6 (24.61) compared with men 128.5 (20.54) (P=0.01). The highest mean score of HPB was related to nutrition 26.8 (5.01), followed, respectively, by spiritual growth 22.6 (4.25) and interpersonal relations 21.7 (4.82). Physical activity with the mean (SD) score of 18.09 (4.14) had the lowest overall mean score of HPB. Female teachers had a significantly higher scores than men in all aspects (P<0.05), except for physical activity and stress management.Conclusion: The overall mean score of HPB among participants was undesirable. Total HPB in female teachers were better than that in the male teachers. Female teachers had a better status than men in all aspects except for physical activity and stress management

The mediating role of meta-cognitive beliefs between alexithymia and chronic pain intensity

 Aims and background: chronic pain isn’t always psychosomatic. Chronic pain, is a disorder that has a lot of psychological components and onethat a lot of people have at some point in  their life. The aim of this study was to determine the role meta-cognitive beliefs play in mediating between alexithymia and the intensity of pain that is perceived percipience by the patients with chronic pain. Materials and Methods: This study evaluated patients aged 20-60 with chronic pain who had been referred to the Mahan clinic and the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic of Arman in Tehran from the spring of 1396 to autumn of 1396. During this time frame 440 patients who had at least 3 months of musculoskeletal pain, were chosen.  Theyanswered the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) the Meta-cognition Questionnaire (MCQ-30), and the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Findings: The intensity of pain was coorelated positively with with alexithymia (p< 0.001) and meta-cognitive beliefs (p< 0.001). Alexithymia had a positive coorelationwith meta-cognitive beliefs (p< 0.001). Alexithymia (t=6.68, β= 0.29), and meta-cognitive beliefs (t= 2.42, β= 0.11) could clarify the variance of the pain intensity. Alexithymia could also clarify the meta-cognitive beliefs (t= 9.48, β= 0.40). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the relation between alexithymia and the intensity of pain, was not a simple linear relationship, but meta-cognitive beliefs, could affect this relationship

Understanding family dynamics in a cross-cultural sample: a multi-national study

The Family Systems Circumplex Model posits that balanced levels of cohesion and adaptability are associated with positive familial outcomes, whereas extremely high or low levels of these factors are associated with deleterious outcomes. Despite the popularity and utility of this model in Western cultures, there is a dearth of empirical data supporting its use in more culturally diverse contexts. The current, preregistered study assessed the Family Circumplex Model, cultural factors, and emerging adult outcomes across seven countries (i.e., China, Iran, Nigeria, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Participants were N = 3,593 emerging adults, mostly self-identifying as women (71.3%). Collaborators were participants in Psi Chi’s Network for International Collaborative Exchange (NICE) and administered measures related to family dynamics and cultural orientation to participants in a random order. Results indicated that the Family Circumplex Model did not fit cross-culturally. As such, a new model was adapted, the Expanded Circumplex Model, which demonstrated invariance across samples and between women and men. The Expanded Circumplex Model retained 6 constructs with differences regarding the separation of disengagement into 2 variables and the combining of adaptive flexibility and cohesion. The current study suggests that the cultural context in which family dynamics occur should be taken into consideration when conceptualizing family dynamics theory and measurement. Future work should seek to replicate and further apply the Expanded Circumplex Model to familial outcomes

An Introduction to Artificial Psychology Application Fuzzy Set Theory and Deep Machine Learning in Psychological Research using R

Artificial Psychology (AP) is a highly multidisciplinary field of study in psychology. AP tries to solve problems which occur when psychologists do research and need a robust analysis method. Conventional statistical approaches have deep rooted limitations. These approaches are excellent on paper but often fail to model the real world. Mind researchers have been trying to overcome this by simplifying the models being studied. This stance has not received much practical attention recently. Promoting and improving artificial intelligence helps mind researchers to find a holistic model of mental models. This development achieves this goal by using multiple perspectives and multiple data sets together with interactive, and realistic models. In this book, the methodology of approximate inference in psychological research from a theoretical and practical perspective has been considered. Quantitative variable-oriented methodology and qualitative case-oriented methods are both used to explain the set-oriented methodology and this book combines the precision of quantitative methods with information from qualitative methods. This is a book that many researchers can use to expand and deepen their psychological research and is a book which can be useful to postgraduate students. The reader does not need an in-depth knowledge of mathematics or statistics because statistical and mathematical intuitions are key here and they will be learned through practice. What is important is to understand and use the new application of the methods for finding new, dynamic and realistic interpretations. This book incorporates theoretical fuzzy inference and deep machine learning algorithms in practice. This is the kind of book that we wished we had had when we were students. This book covers at least some of the most important issues in mind research including uncertainty, fuzziness, continuity, complexity and high dimensionality which are inherent to mind data. These are elements of artificial psychology. This book implements models using R software

Explaining the Natural Attributes of Human Psyche from the View of Quran

The purpose of this research is to explain the natural attributes of human psyche from the view of Quran. The main question is that: which things does Quran introduce as the natural attributes of human psyche? Using the theme analysis, this research extracted the related concepts, sub-categories, and categories from the view of Quran. According to the findings, humans cannot be considered bad in general, and their limitations cannot also be ignored. Humans consist of three pairs of categories: "innate godliness-Shah", "having the best possible psyche-cognitive, emotional, and behavioral instability", and "talent for perfection-abuse of wisdom", which the followings are, respectively, the explainers of the relationship among these privilege-restriction pairs of categories: "two-sided perfectionism", "self-preservation", and "wisdom and the authority derived from it". Since "cognitive, emotional, and behavioral instability" has the most frequency among other categories, this human limitation needs to be paid a special attention