La concessione in uso dei beni culturali nel Codice dei beni culturali e del paesaggio

1noThe regulation on the Cultural Heritage individual use. The Italian Code of Cultural and Environmental Heritage, at art. 106, illustrates the concept of the socalled "individual use" of objects included in the Cultural Heritage that are belonging to public Authorities. The Code, in regulating the matter, aims at furnishing a definition of the specific scope of the law enforcement - in both the subjective and objective points of view -but the rule does not clearly outline neither the content of the relation between Administrations and dealers nor the nature of the rights established in favour of the latter ones. Consequently, this analysis is centred on clarifying the exact content of the subjective position arising from the rule.openA. FANTINFantin, Andre

La tutela del Codice Atlantico di Leonardo tra lo Stato e la Regione Lombardia

The responsibility for the conservation of Leonardo's Atlantic Codex, between State and Lombardy Region. Starting point of this paper is the debate, which arose between the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and the Lombardy Region, and concerning who is the real holder of the responsibility for the preservation of the Leonardo Da Vinci's Atlantic Codex, today property of the mbrosiana Library in Milan. The dispute derives from the genesis of the Codex (initially single leaves, only later bound together by a person different by the author) and the heterogeneity of the documents collected in it, something which does not allow to absolutely affirm that the Codex is a book, or a collection of separate drawings or manuscripts. As highlighted by the paper in fact, the different choice to consider the Codex a book (as a whole), or otherwise a collection of single drawings or manuscripts (i.e. made of single entities), results in shifting - according to the rules in force - the holder of the responsibility to one or to the other authority

Colelitíase.

Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica Cirúrgica, Curso de Medicina, Florianópolis, 197

Neuropilin 1 Regulation of Vascular Permeability Signaling.

The vascular endothelium acts as a selective barrier to regulate macromolecule exchange between the blood and tissues. However, the integrity of the endothelium barrier is compromised in an array of pathological settings, including ischemic disease and cancer, which are the leading causes of death worldwide. The resulting vascular hyperpermeability to plasma molecules as well as leukocytes then leads to tissue damaging edema formation and inflammation. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is a potent permeability factor, and therefore a desirable target for impeding vascular hyperpermeability. However, VEGFA also promotes angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, which is required for reperfusion of ischemic tissues. Moreover, edema increases interstitial pressure in poorly perfused tumors, thereby affecting the delivery of therapeutics, which could be counteracted by stimulating the growth of new functional blood vessels. Thus, targets must be identified to accurately modulate the barrier function of blood vessels without affecting angiogenesis, as well as to develop more effective pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies. Recent studies have shown that the VEGFA co-receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) could be playing a fundamental role in steering VEGFA-induced responses of vascular endothelial cells towards angiogenesis or vascular permeability. Moreover, NRP1 is involved in mediating permeability signals induced by ligands other than VEGFA. This review therefore focuses on current knowledge on the role of NRP1 in the regulation of vascular permeability signaling in the endothelium to provide an up-to-date landscape of the current knowledge in this field

The Importance of Nutrition in Hypertension

Arterial hypertension (AH) is considered to be one of the most relevant cardiovascular risk factors, and its wide prevalence in all age ranges makes it necessary to analyse all the possible causes and treatments. In this special issue, nutritional interventions are examined either as causes or as treatments of AH. [...]

Clinical manifestations in patients with PI*MMMalton genotypes. A matter still unsolved in alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

We report the genetic variants associated with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) in 117 patients admitted to our outpatient clinic and characterized by a serum concentration of AAT lower than 113 mg/dL. We focused on the M-like heterozygous variant of the SERPINA1 gene called PI*MMMalton, and describe three patients with this variant. While the role of homozygous AATD in liver and pulmonary disease is well established, the association between heterozygous AATD and chronic liver and pulmonary disease is still under investigation. The PI*MMMalton genotype was found in 5.8% of patients with a pathological genotype of AATD and in 14.3% of the subjects when considering only those with intermediate AATD. There were no liver or renal abnormalities in patients with the PI*MMMalton genotype. The PI*MMMalton patients included here showed a normal liver function, and none had renal function abnormalities or abdominal aortic aneurysm. Only a prevalence of lung disease was detected

Do Patients with Bronchiectasis Have an Increased Risk of Developing Lung Cancer? A Systematic Review

Background: Initial evidence supports the hypothesis that patients with non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) have a higher risk of lung cancer. We systematically reviewed the available literature to define the characteristics of lung malignancies in patients with bronchiectasis and the characteristics of patients who develop bronchiectasis-associated lung cancer. Method: This study was performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Results: The frequency rates of lung cancer in patients with NCFB ranged from 0.93% to 8.0%. The incidence rate was 3.96. Cancer more frequently occurred in the elderly and males. Three studies found an overall higher risk of developing lung cancer in the NCFB population compared to the non-bronchiectasis one, and adenocarcinoma was the most frequently reported histological type. The effect of the co-existence of NCFB and COPD was unclear. Conclusions: NCFB is associated with a higher risk of developing lung cancer than individuals without NCFB. This risk is higher for males, the elderly, and smokers, whereas concomitant COPD’s effect is unclear

Endoscopic Technologies for Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions: From Diagnosis to Therapy

Peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs) are frequent incidental findings in subjects when performing chest radiographs or chest computed tomography (CT) scans. When a PPL is identified, it is necessary to proceed with a risk stratification based on the patient profile and the characteristics found on chest CT. In order to proceed with a diagnostic procedure, the first-line examination is often a bronchoscopy with tissue sampling. Many guidance technologies have recently been developed to facilitate PPLs sampling. Through bronchoscopy, it is currently possible to ascertain the PPL’s benign or malignant nature, delaying the therapy’s second phase with radical, supportive, or palliative intent. In this review, we describe all the new tools available: from the innovation of bronchoscopic instrumentation (e.g., ultrathin bronchoscopy and robotic bronchoscopy) to the advances in navigation technology (e.g., radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound, virtual navigation, electromagnetic navigation, shape-sensing navigation, cone-beam computed tomography). In addition, we summarize all the PPLs ablation techniques currently under experimentation. Interventional pulmonology may be a discipline aiming at adopting increasingly innovative and disruptive technologies

Weight Loss and Hypertension in Obese Subjects

Arterial hypertension is strongly related to overweight and obesity. In obese subjects, several mechanisms may lead to hypertension such as insulin and leptin resistance, perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction, renal impairment, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system activation and sympathetic nervous system activity. Weight loss (WL) seems to have positive effects on blood pressure (BP). The aim of this review was to explain the mechanisms linking obesity and hypertension and to evaluate the main studies assessing the effect of WL on BP. We analysed studies published in the last 10 years (13 studies either interventional or observational) showing the effect of WL on BP. Different WL strategies were taken into account-diet and lifestyle modification, pharmacological intervention and bariatric surgery. Although a positive effect of WL could be identified in each study, the main difference seems to be the magnitude and the durability of BP reduction over time. Nevertheless, further follow-up data are needed: there is still a lack of evidence about long term effects of WL on hypertension. Hence, given the significant results obtained in several recent studies, weight management should always be pursued in obese patients with hypertension

Neuropilin Regulation of Angiogenesis, Arteriogenesis, and Vascular Permeability

The formation of the cardiovasculature, consisting of both the heart and blood vessels, is a critical step in embryonic development and relies on three processes termed vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling. The transmembrane protein NRP1 is an essential modulator of embryonic angiogenesis with additional roles in vessel remodeling and arteriogenesis. NRP1 also enhances arteriogenesis in adults to alleviate pathological tissue ischemia. However, in certain circumstances, vascular NRP1 signaling can be detrimental, as it may promote cancer by enhancing tumor angiogenesis or contribute to tissue edema by increasing vascular permeability. Understanding the mechanisms of NRP1 signaling is, therefore, of profound importance for the design of therapies aiming to control vascular functions. Previous work has shown that vascular NRP1 can variably serve as a receptor for two secreted glycoproteins, the VEGF-A and SEMA3A, but it also has a poorly understood role as an adhesion receptor. Here, we review current knowledge of NRP1 function during blood vessel growth and homeostasis, with special emphasis on the vascular roles of its multiple ligands and signaling partners