Étude des stéréotypes de genre dans les manuels scolaires

Une étude des représentations masculines et féminines présentes en 2007-2008 dans les manuels scolaires de 3ème en histoire-géographie, en français, en mathématiques

Genre et manuels scolaires au filtre des images

Article en ligne sur le carnet de recherche du groupe GEM (41 500 signes)Quels stéréotypes de genres dans les manuels scolaires de 3ème en 2007-2008 ? Une méthode d'analyse et des exemples en histoire-géographie, français et mathématiques

Ultraviolet photon absorption in single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes and peapods: Heating-induced phonon line broadening, wall coupling, and transformation

Ultraviolet photon absorption has been used to heat single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes and peapods in vacuum. By increasing the laser intensity up to 500 mW, a downshift and a broadening of the optical phonons are observed corresponding to a temperature of 1000°C. The UV Raman measurements are free of blackbody radiation. We find that the linewidth changes for the G+ and G− bands differ considerably in single-wall carbon nanotubes. This gives evidence that the phonon decay process is different in axial and radial tube directions. We observe the same intrinsic linewidths of graphite (highly oriented pyrolytic graphite) for the G band in single- and double-wall carbon nanotubes. With increasing temperature, the interaction between the walls is modified for double-wall carbon nanotubes. Ultraviolet photon induced transformations of peapods are found to be different on silica and diamond substrates

Planification des transports et de l'aménagement à Montréal : bilan et perspectives à l'aube du 10e anniversaire du PMAD de la CMM et de l'adoption du premier PSD de l'ARTM : compte rendu de la Table ronde virtuelle du 18 mars 2021

Cette table ronde a eu lieu le 18 mars 2021. Elle a porté sur le bilan et les perspectives d’avenir quant à la planification régionale et à la gouvernance des transports et de l’aménagement dans le Grand Montréal. L’événement, initié par Fanny Tremblay-Racicot, professeure à l’École nationale d’administration publique, a été organisé par le réseau Villes Régions Monde en collaboration avec le Centre de recherche sur la gouvernance (CERGO)

Automatic Detection and Correction of Random Telegraph Signal Artifacts in Earth Observation Images

Satellite optical and infrared images can be degraded by a piecewise-constant random artifact called random telegraph signal (RTS), which is caused by unstable semiconductor defects in the photodetector. In this letter, we aim at proposing new techniques to detect and correct such artifacts in the specific context of push-broom detectors, where some columns exhibit RTS that superimposes with the landscape. Our detector is based on a nonparametric statistical test that compares the distribution of each column to its neighbors. Concerning the RTS correction, we first propose a signal processing method that estimates the levels and jumps of the RTS. Then, we propose another method inspired by variational image destriping, which directly estimates the RTS through the use of total variation (TV). Experiments—on Pléiades images with synthetic RTS and on a real SPOT-5 image—show the effectiveness of the proposed techniques

Structure-based prediction of BRAF mutation classes using machine-learning approaches.

The BRAF kinase is attracting a lot of attention in oncology as alterations of its amino acid sequence can constitutively activate the MAP kinase signaling pathway, potentially contributing to the malignant transformation of the cell but at the same time rendering it sensitive to targeted therapy. Several pathologic BRAF variants were grouped in three different classes (I, II and III) based on their effects on the protein activity and pathway. Discerning the class of a BRAF mutation permits to adapt the treatment proposed to the patient. However, this information is lacking new and experimentally uncharacterized BRAF mutations detected in a patient biopsy. To overcome this issue, we developed a new in silico tool based on machine learning approaches to predict the potential class of a BRAF missense variant. As class I only involves missense mutations of Val600, we focused on the mutations of classes II and III, which are more diverse and challenging to predict. Using a logistic regression model and features including structural information, we were able to predict the classes of known mutations with an accuracy of 90%. This new and fast predictive tool will help oncologists to tackle potential pathogenic BRAF mutations and to propose the most appropriate treatment for their patients

Reduced melt on debris-covered glaciers: investigations from Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal

International audienceApproximately 25 % of the glacierized area in the Everest region is covered by debris, yet the surface mass balance of debris-covered portions of these glaciers has not been measured directly. In this study, ground-based measurements of surface elevation and ice depth are combined with terrestrial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite elevation models to derive the surface mass balance of the debris-covered tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, located in the Everest region. Over the debris-covered tongue, the mean elevation change between 2011 and 2015 is −0.93 m year−1 or −0.84 m water equivalent per year (w.e. a−1). The mean emergence velocity over this region, estimated from the total ice flux through a cross section immediately above the debris-covered zone, is +0.37 m w.e. a−1. The debris-covered portion of the glacier thus has an area-averaged mass balance of −1.21 ± 0.2 m w.e. a−1 between 5240 and 5525 m above sea level (m a.s.l.). Surface mass balances observed on nearby debris-free glaciers suggest that the ablation is strongly reduced (by ca. 1.8 m w.e. a−1) by the debris cover. The insulating effect of the debris cover has a larger effect on total mass loss than the enhanced ice ablation due to supraglacial ponds and exposed ice cliffs. This finding contradicts earlier geodetic studies and should be considered for modelling the future evolution of debris-covered glaciers

Neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress distribution in large zirconia based refractory bricks produced by electro-fusion and casting

Electro-fusion and casting is used to produce large refractory bricks (∼250 kg) containing a high amount of ZrO2. These bricks are used in glass-making furnaces where good mechanical performance is required at very high temperatures (>1500 °C). During the manufacturing procedure, they develop large residual stresses as a result of the cooling conditions and structural phase transformations they underwent. This leads to stress concentration and crack formation at different length scales. In order to characterize these phenomena, a ‘multi-scale’ analysis approach is under development, where different internal strain measurement methods are combined. In this approach we benefit from different gauge volumes provided by various diffraction methods, ranging from a few hundred nanometres to a few tens of millimetres. In the present paper, the results of neutron diffraction measurements on large ZrO2 blocks are given. These results show the level of internal strains at the millimetre scale, based on (3¯11) reflection of the monoclinic ZrO2. Overall, a range of 0.025% tensile to 0.1% compressive strain was observed. Clear strain gradients were also visible, as larger values in the interior of the block were encountered