Marketing As Tool of Resource Efficiency

This paper shows the role of marketing in ensuring resource efficiency. It is found that the marketing is one of the methods of saving resources, making them effective in use. The conclusion about the need to use marketing to increase the efficiency of resource management in the organization is justified. It is suggested to use SWOT-analysis as a marketing technique for choosing a particular strategy, significant for the company in the management of resource efficiency. The forecasting of demand allows receiving evidence-based options in tendencies of change, indicators of quality, expenses and other indicators. Therefore, the system of the resource efficiency at an enterprise has to be guided by forecasting the demand and its task. Improved analysis cost methods (such as the factorial analysis, the functional and cost analysis) help to solve a problem of resource efficiency at the stage of design or production improvement. It is proved that application of the concept of social and ethic marketing promotes development of the resource efficiency program in management

In Vivo evaluation of novel topical niacin nutriceuticals for improving gut microbiota and metabolic health

Gut microbiota represent a potential novel target for future prediabetes and type 2 diabetes therapies. In that respect, niacin has been shown to beneficially affect the host-microbiome interaction in rodent models. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We characterized more than 500 human subjects with different metabolic phenotypes regarding their niacin (nicotinic acid (NA) and nicotinamide (NAM)) status and their gut microbiome. In addition, NA and NAM delayed-release microcapsules were engineered and examined in vitro as well as in vivo in two human intervention studies (bioavailability study and proof-of-concept/safety study). RESULTS: We found a reduced α-diversity and Bacteroidetes abundance in the microbiome of obese human subjects associated with a low dietary niacin intake. Therefore, we developed delayed-release microcapsules targeting the ileo-colonic region to deliver increasing amounts of NA and NAM to the microbiome while preventing systemic resorption to avoid negative side effects (e. g. facial flushing). In vitro studies on these delayed-release microcapsules revealed stable conditions at pH 1.4, 4.5 and 6.8 followed by release of the compounds at pH 7.4, simulating the ileo-colonic region. In humans in vivo, gut-targeted delayed-release NA but not NAM produced a significant increase of the Bacteroidetes abundance. In the absence of systemic side effects, these favorable microbiome changes induced by microencapsulated delayed-release NA were associated with an improvement of biomarkers for systemic insulin sensitivity and metabolic inflammation. CONCLUSION: Targeted microbiome intervention by delayed-release NA might represent a future therapeutic option for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes

Impact of daclizumab, low-dose cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil and steroids on renal function after kidney transplantation

Background. Early and long-term use of cyclosporine A (CsA) leads to increased risks of renal toxicity. We hypothesized that administration of daclizumab in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) allows a relevant reduction in the dose of CsA. Methods. We carried out a 3-year, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical multi-centre trial in 156 patients. The patients were randomized to standard treatment (CsA, MMF, steroids) or to high-dose daclizumab (first dose: 2 mg/kg), in combination with low-dose CsA, MMF and steroids. We maintained the mean CsA levels of daclizumab patients at 57% of standard patients (132 versus 216 ng/ml) on Day 7 post-transplant, and 84% by 6 months. Results. Primary outcome, creatinine clearance (with imputation of informative dropouts) at 12 months, was significantly better in daclizumab-treated (34 ± 17) than standard patients (29 ± 17; P = 0.028, two sided). Only 5 cases of BPAR were recorded in the daclizumab compared to 22 in the standard group (P = 0.0016). Daclizumab patients had 91% event-free survival after 1 year compared to 66% in standard patients (P = 0.00017). Conclusion. We demonstrate here that high-dose daclizumab in combination with lower CsA levels in adult renal transplant recipients is as or more effective than standard regimen (CsA, MMF, steroids) and may result in better outcomes at 12 months post-transplant with no increase in adverse reaction

Forward and backward diffraction radiation of relativistic electrons in a dielectric targets

BACKGROUND: Early and long-term use of cyclosporine A (CsA) leads to increased risks of renal toxicity. We hypothesized that administration of daclizumab in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) allows a relevant reduction in the dose of CsA. METHODS: We carried out a 3-year, prospective, randomized, controlled clinical multi-centre trial in 156 patients. The patients were randomized to standard treatment (CsA, MMF, steroids) or to high-dose daclizumab (first dose: 2 mg/kg), in combination with low-dose CsA, MMF and steroids. We maintained the mean CsA levels of daclizumab patients at 57% of standard patients (132 versus 216 ng/ml) on Day 7 post-transplant, and 84% by 6 months. RESULTS: Primary outcome, creatinine clearance (with imputation of informative dropouts) at 12 months, was significantly better in daclizumab-treated (34 +/- 17) than standard patients (29 +/- 17; P = 0.028, two sided). Only 5 cases of BPAR were recorded in the daclizumab compared to 22 in the standard group (P = 0.0016). Daclizumab patients had 91% event-free survival after 1 year compared to 66% in standard patients (P = 0.00017). CONCLUSION: We demonstrate here that high-dose daclizumab in combination with lower CsA levels in adult renal transplant recipients is as or more effective than standard regimen (CsA, MMF, steroids) and may result in better outcomes at 12 months post-transplant with no increase in adverse reactions

Crystal structures of 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexamethyl-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexaazatrinaphthylene and 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexaphenyl-5,6,11,12,17,18-hexazatrinaphthylene dichloromethane disolvate

The crystal structures of two substituted HATN (hexa­aza­tri­naphthyl­ene) derivatives, namely 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexa­methyl- and 2,3,8,9,14,15-hexa­phenyl-5,6,11,12,17,18- hexa­zatri­naphthyl­ene (HATNMe6 and HATNPh6), are reported. Whereas the structure of the methyl-substituted derivative (HATNMe6) contains no solvent mol­ecules (C30H24N6), the hexa­phenyl-substituted structure (HATNPh6) contains two mol­ecules of di­chloro­methane (C60H36N6·2CH2Cl2). This class of planar bridging ligands is known for its electron-deficient systems and its ability to form π–π stacking inter­actions. Indeed, in both crystal structures strong π–π stacking inter­actions are observed, but with different packing features. The di­chloro­methane mol­ecules in the crystal structure of HATNPh6 are situated in the voids and are involved in C—H...N contacts to the nitro­gen atoms of the pyrazine units

Género y violencia en la narrativa del Cono sur (1954-2003) por Betina Kaplan. Woodbridge (Suffolk, Inglaterra) : Támesis, 2007

Fil: Fangmann, Cristina I. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Filosofía y Letras; ArgentinaFil: Universidad de Nueva York; Estados Unidos.Reseñado por Cristina I. Fangmann

Un modo andino de estar en el mundo: la teoría y praxis ch’ixi de Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui

El artículo provee un relevamiento crítico de los núcleos conceptuales más influyentes elaborados por la socióloga, activista social y performer, situada en La Paz, Silvia Rivera Cusicanqui (SRC): colonialismo interno, abigarramiento social, y la noción de ch’ixi, término aymara que ella acuña para explicar la yuxtaposición simultánea pero no amalgamada de distintos elementos y fuerzas de acción. SRC desarrolla una metodología personal de investigación: teoría y práctica se unen en un montaje creativo. Los diversos modos en que difunde los resultados de sus pesquisas pertenecen a una estética vanguardista. Diversidad que, sin embargo, se sostiene sobre una firme base ética y política, o mejor, situadamente micropolítica. Desde ese locus, desnuda las violencias encubiertas de las prácticas colonialistas aún vigentes en el medioambiente y en el orden patriarcal. Su sociología de la imagen es una nueva disciplina académica, una metodología y una pedagogía ejemplar. Este ensayo sostiene que lejos de limitarse al área andina (del pasado y del presente), la contribución intelectual, artística y política de SRC constituye una aproximación necesaria y original para los estudios sociales y literarios en general

SYLVIA MOLLOY. Acto de Presencia. La escritura autobiográfica en Hispanoamérica. México, 1996.

Fil: Fangmann,Cristina. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaReseñado por Fangmann,Cristin